• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1997

The using of compensator is required to adjust the irregular dose distribution due to irregular thickness of the body in Total Body Irradiation. Aluminuim, copper or lead is generally used as compensator. In our study, we would like to introduce a result of the attenuation and compensation effect of radiation use compensator made by duralumin and its clinical use. The thickness of compensator was calculated by the attenustion of radiation, which was measured by polystyrene phantom and ionization chamber(farmer). The compensation effect of radiation was measured by diode detector. All of conditions were set as in real treatment, and the distanc from source to detector was 446 cm. We also made fixation of device to easily attach the compensator to LINAC. Beam spoiler was menufactured and placed on the patient to irradiate sufficient dose to the skin. diode detector were placed on head, neck, chest, umbilicus. pelvis and knee with each their entranced exit points, and datas of dose distribution were evaluated and compared in each points for eleven patients(Feb. 96-Feb. 97). The attenuation rate of irradiation by duralumin compensator was measured as $1.4\%$ in 2mm thickness. The mean attenuation rate was $1.3\%$ per 2mm as increasing the thickness gradually to 50 mm. By using duralunim compensator, dose distribution in each points of body was measured with ${\pm}2.8\%$ by diode detectior. We could easily calculate the thickness of compensator by measuring the attenuation rate of radiation, remarkably reduce the irragularity of dose distribution duo to the thickness of body and magnify the effect of radiation therapy.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2014

Flake-like $LiCoO_2$ nanopowders were fabricated using electrospinning. To investigate their formation mechanism, field-emssion scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out. Among various parameters of electrospinning, we controlled the molar concentration of the precursor and the PVP polymer. When the molar concentration of lithium and cobalt was 0.45 M, the morphology of $LiCoO_2$ nanopowders was irregular and round. For 1.27 M molar concentration, the $LiCoO_2$ nanopowders formed with flake-like morphology. For the PVP polymer, the molar concentration was set to 0.011 mM, 0.026 mM, and 0.043 mM. Irregular $LiCoO_2$ nanopowders were formed at low concentration (0.011 mM), while flake-like $LiCoO_2$ were formed at high concentration (0.026 mM and 0.043 mM). Thus, optimized molar concentration of the precursor and the PVP polymer may be related to the successful formation of flake-like $LiCoO_2$ nanopowders. As a results, the synthesized $LiCoO_2$ nanopowder can be used as the electrode material of Li-ion batteries.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1069-1089
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• 2015

This paper presents average numerical results of 2128 nonlinear dynamic finite element (FE) analyses of lightweight acceleration-sensitive non-structural components (NSCs) attached to the floors of one-bay three-storey reinforced concrete (RC) primary structures (P-structures) with different eccentricity ratios. The investigated parameters include the NSC to P-structure vibration period ratio, peak ground acceleration, P-structure eccentricity ratio, and NSC damping ratio. Appropriate constitutive relationships were used to model the behaviour of the RC P-structures. The NSCs were modelled as vertical cantilevers fixed at their bases with masses on the free ends and varying lengths so as to match the vibration periods of the P-structures. Full dynamic interaction was considered between the NSCs and P-structures. A set of seven natural bi-directional ground motions were used to evaluate the seismic response of the NSCs. The numerical results show that the acceleration response of the NSCs depends on the investigated parameters. The accelerations of the NSCs attached to the flexible sides of the P-structures increased with the increase in peak ground acceleration and P-structure eccentricity ratio but decreased with the increase in NSC damping ratio. Comparison between the FE results and Eurocode 8 (EC8) predictions suggests that, under tuned conditions, EC8 provisions underestimate the seismic response of the NSCs mounted on the flexible sides of the plan-irregular RC P-structures.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2002

최근 국내에 확대 설치되고 있는 자동과속단속시스템의 핵심은 주행차량의 지점속도를 측정하는 속도검지부의 정확도라 할 수 있다. 우리나라 속도검지부의 경우 대부분 2중 루프검지기를 이용하여 속도를 측정하고 있는 데 속도측정정확도는 루프검지기의 하드웨어 성능뿐 아니라 루프검지기 발생신호를 처리하는 알고리즘에 상당부분 의존한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2중 루프검지기의 속도측정 정확도를 높이기 위한 신호처리 알고리즘을 개발하고 이를 현장에서 평가하였다. 먼저 이론 및 현장실험에서 밝혀진 문제점들을 분석하여 원인별로 개선방향을 분류한 뒤 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 이를 위해서 첫째, 검지기의 2개의 진입시점 신호 뿐 아니라 진출시점 신호까지 포함시켜 정확도를 높이는 2중 처리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 둘째, 속도측정 오차의 허용범위인 $\pm$5%를 초과하는 원인이 되는 검지영역내 비정상적인 주행궤적차량 즉, 대자선주행과 동시진입차량을 걸러내는 필터링알고리즘을 개발하였다. 현장실험을 통하여 개발 알고리즘의 정확성을 평가한 결과 속도측정정확도가 대폭적으로 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 패각선 주행차량, 동시진입차량 등 검지영역 내에서 비정상적 주행궤적을 발생시켜 심각한 오차를 발생시키는 차량들을 성공적으로 제거할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권1_2호
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• pp.140-152
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• 2003

XML 문서는 태그를 가지고 있고 이 태그가 중첩됨에 따라 구조를 나타낼 수 있다. XML 문서가 DTD를 가지지 않거나 여러 곳에서 XML 문서를 모았을 때 그 구조는 비정규적 일 수 있다. 사용자는 이러한 비정규적인 구조에 대해 잘 알기 어려우며 설사 잘 알고 있다고 하더라도 실수하기 쉽다. 특히 비정규적인 구조를 가지는 문서들에 대해 정확한 구조질의를 작성하는 것은 더욱 어렵다. 따라서 사용자는 구조가 없거나 있다 하더라도 적은 양의 구조정보 만을 기술하는 일반적인 질의를 작성하게 된다. 이런 환경에서 구조 정보를 이용하여 문서의 순위결정에 이용하고 사용자 구조 질의와 문서 구조간의 차이에 대해 보상해 주는 검색 모델을 제안한다. 질의 처리를 단순화하기 위하여 질의 경로간의 독립을 가정하였다 이 가정은 질의 언어의 표현능력의 저하를 가져올 수 있는데 이를 해결하는 질의 모델도 제시한다. 지금까지 어떤 문서를 위한 테스트 컬랙션이 없었기 때문에 TIPSTER 컬랙션에서 일부 문서를 추출하여 작은 테스트 컬랙션을 만들고 여기에 구조가 없는 질의를 수행하여 제시한 검색 모델의 유용성을 보였다. 실험 결과 벡터 모델에 비하여 평균 67%의 정확률 개선효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2021

This paper focuses on the development and assessment of the expected damage for the rocking response of rigid anchored blocks, with irregular geometry and non-uniform mass distribution, considering the site conditions and the seismicity of Mexico City. The non-linear behavior of the restrainers is incorporated to evaluate the pure tension and tension-shear failure mechanisms. A probabilistic framework is performed covering a wide range of block sizes, slenderness ratios and eccentricities using physics-based ground motion simulation. In order to incorporate the uncertainties related to the propagation of far-field earthquakes with a significant contribution to the seismic hazard at study sites, it was simulated a set of scenarios using a stochastic summation methods of small-earthquakes records, considered as Empirical Green's Function (EGFs). As Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP), the absolute value of the maximum block rotation normalized by the body slenderness, as a function of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is adopted. The results show that anchorages are more efficient for blocks with slenderness ratio between two and three, while slenderness above four provide a better stability when they are not restrained. Besides, there is a range of peak intensities where anchored blocks located in soft soils are less vulnerable with respect to those located in firm soils. The procedure used in here allows to take decisions about risk, reliability and resilience assessment of different types of contents, and it is easily adaptable to other seismic environments.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.349-361
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• 2024

Excessive torsional behaviour is one of the major reasons for failure of buildings, as inferred from past earthquakes. Numerous seismic codes across the world specify a displacement-based or drift-based criterion for classifying buildings as torsionally irregular. In recent years, quite a few researchers have pointed out some of the inherent deficiencies associated with the current codal guidelines on torsional irregularity. This short communication paper aims to envisage the need for a revision of the displacement-based guidelines on torsional irregularity, and further highlight the appropriateness of a rotation-based criterion. A set of 6 reinforced concrete building models with asymmetric shear walls are analysed using ETABS v18.0.2, by varying the number of stories from 1 to 9, and the torsional irregularity coefficient of various stories is calculated using the displacement-based formula. Since rotation about the vertical axis is a direct indication of the twist experienced by a building, the calculated torsional irregularity coefficients of all stories are compared with the corresponding floor rotations. The conflicting results obtained for the torsional irregularity coefficients are projected through five categories, namely mismatch with floor rotations, inconsistency in trend, lack of clarity in incorporation of negative values, sensitivity to low values of displacement and error conceived in the mathematical formulation. The findings indicate that the irregularity coefficient does not accurately represent the torsional behaviour of buildings in a realistic sense. The Indian seismic code-based values of 1.2 and 1.4, which are used to characterize buildings as torsionally irregular are observed to be highly sensitive to the numerical values of displacements, rather than the actual degree of rotation. The study thus emphasizes the revision of current guidelines based on a more relevant rotation-based or eccentricity-based approach.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2024

Light is a major external environmental factor that influences the circadian rhythm of photosynthetic organisms and various physiological phenomena, such as growth, maturation, and behavior. The number of light-reaching organisms changes depending on the season and atmospheric conditions, and the intensity and wavelength of light differ depending on the organisms inhabiting the environment. Altered light changes the circadian rhythm of fish, which is controlled by clock genes, such as period 2 (Per2), cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), and melatonin. In this study, we set the zeitgeber time (ZT; 14 light-10 dark, LD) based on the actual sunrise and sunset times and examined Per2 and Cry1 activities, levels of aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), and melatonin in Pholis nebulosa, a drifting seaweed species exposed to irregular light. Per2 and Cry1 levels increased during the daytime and decreased after sunset. The AANAT levels decreased during the daytime and increased during the night. Melatonin concentration was highest around midnight (ZT21, 23:30), but exhibited similar concentrations during the daytime. While the activity of Per2, Cry1, and AANAT levels exhibited a typical circadian rhythm observed in most vertebrates, melatonin concentrations did not show a significant difference between the daytime and nighttime. These findings provide insights into the circadian rhythm patterns of organisms exposed to irregular light environments, such as P. nebulosa, which differ from those of typical fish species.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2551-2561
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• 2014

심방세동 검출을 위한 기존 연구방법으로는 비선형 분석법과 주파수 분석법 등을 들 수 있지만 시간 영역 알고리즘에 비해 연산이 복잡하고 불규칙한 리듬 검출에 필요한 일반적 규칙을 제공하지 못한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 선형 분석 기반의 심방세동 분류를 위한 불규칙 RR 간격의 최적값 검출 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 전처리과정과 차감 기법을 통해 R파를 검출하였다. 이후 불규칙 RR 간격의 세그먼트 길이에 대한 범위를 설정하고 정규화 절대 편차와 절대치와 같은 선형 분석상의 심방세동 분류를 위한 최적값을 검출하였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 타당성 평가를 위해 MIT-BIH 부정맥과 심방세동 데이터베이스를 이용하여 RR 간격의 세그먼트 길이와 최적값에 대한 심방세동 분류율을 각각 비교 실험하였다. 성능 평가 결과, RR 간격과 연속하는 RR 간격 차에 대한 최적값은 ${\alpha}=0.75$, ${\beta}=1.4$, ${\gamma}=300ms$ 일 때 제일 높은 성능을 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2004

Objective : In Modern society, patients with facial nerve paralysis are increasing because of many factors - irregular life, cold, overwork and stress etc. We have troubles in presuming the prognosis, though how to diagnosis and examine facial nerve paralysis are many. Methods : A clinical study was done on 89 patients who were diagnosed and treated as facial nerve paralysis(Bell's palsy) from January 2001 to May 2003 at the Dep. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, college of Oriental Medicine, Woo-suk University. We classified 89 patients as the Sasang(四象) constitution, contributing factor, season, age and existence of diabetes items and analyzed, as we would research differences of changing point-Period from on set of Bell's palsy to the day which the change begins to be seen at the face- and improvement -Period which Bell's palsy is improved from on set to H-B grade II. Results : 1. Among the Sasang constitution, Soeumin($10.67{\pm}3.77days$) were faster than other constitutions, but Soyangin($16.25{\pm}6.75days$) were slower than other constitutions in changing point. Taeumin($4.12{\pm}1.49weeks$) were shorter than other constitutions, but Soyangin($4.88{\pm}2.11weeks$) were longer than other constitutions in improvement. 2. Among contributing factors, overwork and stress group were slower than other contributing factors in changing point($13.95{\pm}6.52days$), and longer than others in improvement($4.67{\pm}1.87weeks$). 3. Changing point and improvement of season, age, and existence of diabetes had the difference of the average according to an each item, but they were not statistically significant. 4. In 89 patients with Bell's palsy, average changing-point was $13.11{\pm}5.99$(days) and average improvement was $4.47{\pm}1.82$(weeks). Their correlation was 0.687 and statistically significance(P<0.01), therefore we could decide that their relation is highly correlation.