• 제목/요약/키워드: irradiation mode

검색결과 114건 처리시간 0.026초

Irradiation Induced Defects in a Si-doped GaN Single Crystal by Neutron Irradiation

  • Park, Il-Woo
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.74-80
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    • 2008
  • The local structure of defects in undoped, Si-doped, and neutron irradiated free standing GaN bulk crystals, grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, has been investigated by employing electron magnetic resonance(EMR), Raman scattering and cathodoluminescence. The GaN samples were irradiated to a dose of $2{\times}10^{17}$ neutrons in an atomic reactor at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. There was no appreciable change in the Raman spectra for undoped GaN samples before and after neutron irradiation. However, a forbidden transition, $A_1$(TO) mode, appeared for a neutron irradiated Si-doped GaN crystal. Cathodoluminescence spectrum for the neutron irradiated Si-doped GaN crystal became much broader or was much more broadened than that for the unirradiated one. The observed EMR center with the g value of 1.952 in a neutron irradiated Si-doped GaN may be assigned to a Si-related complex donor.

고유전율 Yttrium Oxide을 이용한 네마틱 액정 디스플레이의 고속 응답 전기-광학 특성 (Fast Switching of Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals Display Based on a High-K Yttrium Oxide)

  • 정윤호;정해창
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.302-306
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    • 2019
  • We investigated a solution-derived $Y_2O_3$ film treated by ion beam (IB) irradiation as a liquid crystal (LC) alignment layer. With IB irradiation, homogeneous LC alignment was achieved irrespective of the annealing temperature. To verify the effect of IB irradiation, we conducted surface analyses such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As $Y_2O_3$ is a high-k material, the electro-optical properties of the twisted nematic (TN) cells were superior to those of conventional TN cells based on a rubbed polymer, with an LC rising time of 4.1ms and falling time of 2.9ms. The IB-irradiated $Y_2O_3$ is a good alternative as an alignment layer for fast-switching TN LC displays.

A proposed new configuration of a shuffle-dwell gamma irradiator

  • Wu, Hsingtzu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권8호
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    • pp.3176-3180
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    • 2022
  • A gamma irradiator is a well-developed installation for gamma radiation sterilization. A "shuffle-dwell" mode is preferable for high dose applications. A novel configuration of a shuffle-dwell gamma irradiator is proposed to increase energy utilization and throughput, which would result in higher profitability. While the minimum distance between any irradiation position and each source pencil, the minimum distance between the neighboring irradiation positions and the size of source pencils are kept the same as the current configuration, the irradiation positions and source pencils are rearranged based on the fact that radiation is emitted in an isotropic fashion. The computational results suggest that the proposed configuration requires an 8.7% smaller area and exposes the product to 11.8% more gamma radiation in a 10.7% shorter irradiation time. In other words, the proposed configuration needs a smaller area and shorter irradiation time to have a better performance compared to the current shuffle-dwell gamma irradiator. Note that the claim is based primarily on an analytical calculation. Experimental and manufacturing among other practical considerations will be taken into account in the future work to exhaustively evaluate the performance of the proposed configuration and to compare it with that of the traditional configuration.

감마선 조사에 의한 광섬유의 전송손실 특성변화에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Radiation-Induced Loss of Optical Fiber by ${\gamma}$-ray Irradiation)

  • 김웅기;이용범;이종민
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.604-611
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    • 1990
  • One of the confronting problems in using optical fibers under radiation environments is producing of color centers in optical materials due to nuclear radiation. These centers increase transmission loss by absorbing propagating light. In this study, the radiation effects on optical fiber are studied theoretically. Also, optical attenuation induced by \ulcorner-ray irradiation from Co**60 for single mode and multimode optical fibers is measured at the optical wavelength of 0.85\ulcorner and 1.3\ulcorner, and the results are analyzed. Gammaray is irradiated for 5hours at the rate of 300rads/min, which is corresponding to 90 krads of integrated dose. In case of multimode optical fibers, the induced loss at 0.85\ulcorner wavelength has been twice higher than that at 1.3\ulcorner. The loss in multimode fibers has been significantly larger by 7-20 times than that in single mode fibers, dependently on fiber materials at 1.3\ulcorner.

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레이저를 이용한 임프란트 이차수술시 온도변화에 관한 실험적 연구 (TEMPERATURE CHANGES OF IMPLANT SURFACE IN SECOND STAGE SURGERY WITH DETAL LASER : IN VITRO STUDY)

  • 안현정;김현철;최병갑;송언희;김래경
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.256-268
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    • 1999
  • Submerged implants require secondary surgical uncovering of implants after healing period of 3-6 months. In surgical methods, there are surgical scalpel, tissue punch, electro-surgical, and laser-used uncovering, and so forth The objectives of this study are investigation and assessment of 1) thermal change in clinical application for uncovering of HA-coated implant and pure titanium implant irradiated by pulsed Nd-YAG, $CO_2$, and Er-YAG laser. 2) surface change of cover screws aaer irradiation using laser energy. The temperature of apex & side wall of implants were recorded at 10sec, 20sec, 30sec after 30sec irradiation to implant healing screw; 1) pulsed Nd-YAG laser; 2W, 20pps, contact mode 2) $CO_2$ laser; water-infused & non-water infused state, 2.5-3.5W, contibuous mode, noncontact mode 3) $CO_2$ laser ; non-water infused state, 3W, superpulse, noncontact. mode 4) Er-YAG laser; (1) non-water infused state, 10pps, 60mj, contact mode (2) water-infused state, 10pps, 60mj, 80mj, 101mj, contact mode. According to the results of this study, pulsed Nd-YAG laser is not indicated because of increased thermal change and pitting of metal surface of implant cover screw. By contrast, $CO_2$ laser & Er-YAG laser are presumed to indicate because of narrow range of thermal change & near abscence of thermal damage of metal surface. Dental laser is thought to be much helpful to surgical procedure when it is used as optimal power and time condition considering characteristics and indications of each laser. Further research is needed to verify that these techniques are safe and beneficial to implant success.

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광조사 방식이 복합레진의 중합과 누출에 미치는 영향 (THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATION MODES ON POLYMERIZATION AND MICROLEAKAGE OF COMPOSITE RESIN)

  • 박종진;박정원;박성호;박주명;권태경;김성교
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.158-174
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    • 2002
  • Filtek$^{TM}$ Z-250(3M Dental Products, St. Paul., MN. USA) 광중합형 복합레진을 대상으로 다양한 광조사 방식이 중합수축, 중합도 및 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. VIP$^{TM}$(Bisco Dental Products, Schaumburg, IL, USA)를 이용하여 200, 400 및 600mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 일정한 광도로 중합시킨 세 군(V2, V4 및 V6군)과 200mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 광도로 3초간 중합시키고 5분간 방치 한 후 다시 600mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 광도로 중합시키는 pulse-delay 방식을 이용한 군(VPD군) 그리고 Optilux 501$^{TM}$(Demetron/Kerr, Danbury, CT, USA)을 이용하여 C-mode와 R-mode로 중합시킨 두 군(OC군, OR군) 등 모두 6개의 군으로 나누어 실험하였으며, 복합레진의 중합과 누출을 다음의 네 가지 방법으로 측정하였다. 첫째, V2, V4, V6, OC군은 60초간, OR군은 20초간 그리고 VPD군은 두번째 광조사를 60초간 시행하면서 시간에 따른 선형 중합수축을 Linometer(R&B, Daejeon, Korea)로 측정하였다. 둘째, V2, V4, V6, OC군은 각각 5, 10, 20, 40, 60초간 그리고 OR군과 VPD군은 정해진 조건에 따라 중합시킨 2mm 두께 시편의 바닥면에서 시료를 채취한 후 KBr method로 시편을 제작하고, FTIR spectrometer(IFS 120 HR, Broker, Karlsruhe, Germany)로 미반응 잔류단량체의 양을 계측하여 중합도를 측정하였다. 셋째, 두번째 실험과 같은 조건으로 중합시킨 2mm 두께 시편의 광조사면과 바닥면에서 중합 10분 후 미세경도 측정기(FM7, Future-Tech Co., Tokyo, Japan)로 500g의 하중을 10초간 가하여 Knoop Hardness Number(KHN) 값을 측정하였다. 끝으로, 90개의 발거치 치경부에 제5급 와동을 형성하고 V2군은 60초간, V4군은 40초간, V6군은 30초간 그리고 OC, OR, VPD군은 정해진 조건에 따라 중합시킨 후, methylene blue 용액에 침적시키고 종절단하여 법랑질과 상아질 변연의 미세누출 정도를 측정하였다. 중합수축. 중합도 및 미세경도 측정치는 one-way ANO-VA와 Duncan's multiple range test를, 변연누출 정도는 chi-square test를 이용, 통계처리하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. . 중합수축의 정도는 VIP$^{TM}$(Bisco) 사용군에서 전체 조사광도가 높을수록 큰 경향을 보여 600mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$군에서 가장 크게 나타났고, 그 다음으로 Pulse-delay군, 400mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$군, 200 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$군 순이었고, Optilux 501$^{TM}$(Demetron/Kerr) 사용군에서는 Continuous 방식이 Ramp 방식 보다 크게 나타났다. . 중합도와 미세경도 값은 공히, 전체 조사광도가 높을수록 높게 나타났으며 , 최종 중합도는 44.77~54.98%의 범위를, 미세경도 값은 34.10~56.30의 범위를 보였다. . 미세누출은 전반적으로 상아질 변연이 법랑질 변연에 비해 많았고, VIP$^{TM}$(Bisco) 사용 군에서는 광도가 높을수록 상아질 변연에서 미세누출이 증가하는 양상을 보였으며, 법랑질 변연에서는 Optilux 501$^{TM}$(Demetron/Kerr)의 Continuous 방식이, 상아질 변연에서는 Ramp 방식이 가장 적은 미세누출을 보였다.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PNEUMATIC TRANSFER SYSTEM AND THE IRRADIATION HOLE AT THE HANARO RESEARCH REACTOR

  • Chung, Yong-Sam;Kim, Sun-Ha;Moon, Jong-Hwa;Kim, Hark-Rho;Kim, Young-Jin
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.585-590
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    • 2006
  • This paper describes the results of an irradiation test and the specifications of the pneumatic transfer system (PTS) in the NAA #3 irradiation hole at the HANARO research reactor, which was reinstalled after some modifications of the operation mode at the end of 2004. The outer and inner diameters of the PE transfer tube are 34.1 and 27.5 mm, respectively. PE rabbit was used for sample irradiation. The $N_2$ gas pressure of the PTS lines was adjusted to 0.75 bar. The average sending time to the reactor was $8.5{\pm}0.3$ s and the average receiving time back to the receiver was $3.2{\pm}0.2$ s. The internal and external temperature of the irradiation tube was measured in a range of 50 to $80^{\circ}C$ for a 40 s to 80 s irradiation time, respectively. The optimum irradiation time was estimated to be less than 80 s. The thermal, epithermal and fast neutron flux at 30 MW thermal power were $1.42{\pm}0.01{\times}10^{14},\;1.51{\pm}0.04{\times}10^{13}$ and $9.48{\pm}0.69{\times}10^{11} n{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\codt}s^{1-}$, respectively. The cadmium ratio was approximately 9.40. The data obtained will be applied to supplement user information and for reactor management.

Distinct Cellular Calcium Metabolism in Radiation-sensitive RKO Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

  • Kim, Yun Tai;Jo, Soo Shin;Park, Young Jun;Lee, Myung Za;Suh, Chang Kook
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.509-516
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    • 2014
  • Radiation therapy for variety of human solid tumors utilizes mechanism of cell death after DNA damage caused by radiation. In response to DNA damage, cytochrome c was released from mitochondria by activation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, and then elicits massive $Ca^{2+}$ release from the ER that lead to cell death. It was also suggested that irradiation may cause the deregulation of $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis and trigger programmed cell death and regulate death specific enzymes. Thus, in this study, we investigated how cellular $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism in RKO cells, in comparison to radiation-resistant A549 cells, was altered by gamma (${\gamma}$)-irradiation. In irradiated RKO cells, $Ca^{2+}$ influx via activation of NCX reverse mode was enhanced and a decline of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ via forward mode was accelerated. The amount of $Ca^{2+}$ released from the ER in RKO cells by the activation of $IP_3$ receptor was also enhanced by irradiation. An increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ via SOCI was enhanced in irradiated RKO cells, while that in A549 cells was depressed. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-irradiation elicits enhancement of cellular $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism in radiation-sensitive RKO cells yielding programmed cell death.

비편광 UV조사에 의한 광배향 VA-LCD의 전기광학특성 (Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned VA-LCD by irradiation of unpolarized UV light.)

  • 박두석;서대식
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.545-548
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    • 1999
  • The electro-optical characteristics of photo-aligned vertical-alignment (VA)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with non-polarized ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation of 45\`on homeotropic polyimide (Pl) surface were investigated. LC alignment on photo-aligned VA-LCD is attributed to photo-depolymerized reaction of the polymer with non-polarized UV light irradiation on PI surface. We had good voltage-transmittance (V-T) characteristics of photo-aligned VA-LCD. The response time of photo-aligned VA-LCD was slower than that of the rubbing-aligned VA-LCD. Finally, we suggest that the slow response time of photo-aligned VA-LCD depends on the LC domain.

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여드름 치료를 위한 PWM 기반 광 조사 시스템 설계 (Design of PWM-Based Photo Irradiation System for Acne Treatment)

  • 김창수;임현수
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2012
  • 광 역학치료(Photodynamic therapy: PDT) 중 하나인 기존의 LED 광 조사는 연속파(Continuous wave: C.W) 방식의 635 nm 파장으로 여드름 치유에 가장 많이 사용되어 왔으나, 이 방식은 에너지효율이 낮고 생체조직에 열이 많이 발생하여 개선의 방안이 필요했다. 본 논문에서는 에너지효율을 높이고 여드름 치료를 위하여 생체조직에서의 열적 파괴현상을 방지하기위해 PWM(펄스 폭 변조: Pulse Width Modulation)을 활용한 여드름 치료용 LED 광 조사장치를 설계하였다. 시스템 구성은 크게 Timer 모듈, PWM 모듈, 광학전달 장치로 크게 세구성하여 설계하였으며, 여드름 치료를 위한 피부 투과 깊이를 높이기 위하여 광학전달 장치는 660 nm 파장의 1 W LED를 사용하였다. PWM 제어를 이용하여 발생된 주파수와 파형을 확인하고, 660 nm LED의 출력에너지 및 생체조직의 표면온도를 확인하여 안정적인 에너지출력과 생체조직의 안정성에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과 여드름 치료를 위한 660 nm 파장의 1 W LED 광 에너지를 얻기 위하여 C.W 방식으로 사용하였을 경우 전력손실이 높고 생체조직에서의 열적 파괴현상을 보였으나, PWM 방식을 구현함으로써 펄스 폭 변조를 통하여 LED의 전력소모를 낮추었고, 생체조직의 열적 파괴현상이 나타나지 않아 여드름 치료를 위해 사용할 경우 C.W 방식보다 PWM 방식이 더 안전하고 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.