• 제목/요약/키워드: iron-core

검색결과 434건 처리시간 0.02초

세포 이동능력 분석을 위한 96-Well Plate 전용 Lab-Made Wound Maker (A Lab-Made Wound Maker for Analysis of Cell Migration in a 96-Well Plate)

  • 이태복;김화룡;박서영
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2020
  • Cell migration은 embryogenesis 혹은 cancer metastasis 이외에, 물리적 손상에 의한 상처의 수복을 위해서 손상된 부위로 세포가 이동하는 매우 흔하게 관찰되는 현상 중 하나 이다. Wound healing assay는 in vitro의 이차원 평면상에서 세포의 이동을 관찰할 수 있는 기본적인 연구 기법이다. In vitro상에서 물리적 손상을 재현하는 가장 손쉬운 접근법으로서, 세포의 confluent monolayer 표면에 날카로운 도구를 이용하여 기계적인 스크레치를 내는 방법이 사용되고 있다. 완충 스프링이 탑재된 금속 핀을 96-well plate를 기반으로 하는 wound maker에 장착하여 multi-well plate 바닥 표면의 고르지 못한 굴곡과 스크레칭 팁 사이에 직각을 이루는 접촉면에서의 미세한 조절이 가능하도록 하였다. 실험용 팁으로 confluent monolayer위에 스크래치를 내었을 때에는 다양한 지그재그 패턴이 그려진 반면에, 직접 제작한 wound maker에서는 동일한 형태의 선형 wounds가 fibroblast가 seeding된 96-well plate의 각 well의 중심부에 그려짐을 확인하였다. 상용화 되어있는 몇몇 multi-well plate가 본 실험에서 제작된 wound maker와 호환되는 것을 고려하여 보았을 때에, 실시간 wound healing을 관찰하는 high content screening (HCS)실험에 있어서의 활용적인 측면에서 기존의 전형적인 polypropylene 파이펫 팁을 이용한 스크래칭 방법보다 더욱 용이한 방법임을 알 수 있다.

전기유도보일러의 발열효율개선을 위한 권선최적설계 (Optimal Design of a Coil for Improved Heating Efficiency of Electric Induction Boiler)

  • 김윤현;김솔
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.476-482
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    • 2019
  • 본 기후변화협약, 온실가스배출규제와 같은 규제적 규약들은 고효율 에너지 기자재 개발과 에너지의 효율적 이용을 촉진하는 촉매로 작용하고 있다. 에너지소비가 큰 분야 중 전열기기가 효율이 좋지 못한 편이다. 전기보일러는 히터에 물을 접촉시켜 순환시키는 방식을 주로 사용하고 있다. 기존 전기보일러를 활용할 경우 물의 미네랄이 고온의 히터와 접촉하여 탄화되어 흡착되는 과정에서 히터의 부식을 촉진시키고 히터의 효율을 저하시킨다. 이러한 이유로 에너지 효율이 높고, 전도나 대류가열보다 피가열물을 균일하게 가열시킬 수 있는 유도가열방식을 보일러에 적용시킨 전기유도보일러가 각광을 받고 있는데, 이 방식은 물이 담겨 있는 보일러 관로를 유도가열방식으로 가열하여 직접가열시 발생하는 문제를 해결시킬 수 있는 대안으로 인정받고 있다. 비교적 오랜 기간 유도가열에 대한 연구가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 유도가열을 이용한 전열기술에 대한 연구결과는 그리 많지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전기유도보일러의 발열효율을 개선하기 위하여 매개변수연구방법을 통하여 권선의 단면적, 권선의 수 및 권선의 겹수에 의한 영향을 유한요소법을 이용하여 해석하고 발열의 요소가 되고 있는 동손과 철손을 분석하여 발열을 극대화시킬 수 있는 권선설계방법으로 총손실이 최대가 되는 설계점을 찾는 방법을 제시하였다.

고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전 (Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming)

  • 주채혁
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.

북극해 천해저 비구형 망가니즈단괴 내 광물종 분포 및 구조적 특성 규명을 위한 라만 분광분석 연구 (Raman Spectroscopic Study for Investigating the Spatial Distribution and Structural Characteristics of Mn-bearing Minerals in Non-spherical Ferromanganese Nodule from the Shallow Arctic Ocean)

  • 이상미;구효진;조현구;김효임
    • 광물과 암석
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.409-421
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    • 2022
  • 자연계에서 산출되는 망가니즈단괴 내 광물종 및 원소의 공간적 분포를 규명하는 것은 단괴의 형성 과정 중 변화하는 생성 환경 및 지화학적 조건에 대한 이해를 가능하게 한다. 최근의 라만 분광분석을 이용한 연구에서 구형으로 성장한 단괴의 성장에 따른 산화망가니즈 광물종의 변화에 대해 연구한 바 있으나, 상대적으로 천해에서 획득되는 비구형 단괴 내 광물종의 분포는 자세히 연구되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 동시베리아해 천해(수심 약 73 m)에서 산출되는 판상의 비구형 망가니즈단괴 내 서로 다른 성장 방향에서 획득된 라만 분광분석 결과를 바탕으로 단괴 내 광물종 및 해당 광물의 구조적 특성에 대하여 면밀히 연구하였다. 또한 에너지분산형 X-선 분광분석(energy dispersive spectroscopy, EDS)을 통하여 단괴 내부 구조 및 부수광물의 존재에 대하여도 관찰을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 사용한 비구형 단괴의 내부는 중심으로 부터 외곽 방향으로 크게 핵, 철 기질부, Mn-Fe 층으로 구분되었다. Mn-Fe 층 내 서로 다른 성장 방향에서 획득된 라만 분광분석 결과는 모든 방향에 대하여, 단괴 중심부로부터 외곽부로 신호 획득위치가 옮겨감에 따라 산화망가니즈 광물의 경우 터널형 광물의 비율이 감소하는 경향성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 때, 단괴 내 성장 방향에 따라 구성 광물의 상대적 비율 및 구조적 특성이 크게 다르다는 것이 확인되었다. 총 3가지의 실험 방향 중, 한 방향에서 획득된 라만 분광분석 결과는, 철 수산화물의 비율이 낮고, 버네사이트나 토도로카이트와 같은 산화망가니즈 광물들의 결정도가 상당히 높다는 것을 보여주었다. 반면, 나머지 두 방향에서 획득된 신호를 분석한 결과, 산화망가니즈 광물들의 결정도가 매우 낮으며 비정질 내지는 결정도가 낮은 철 수산화물들의 비율이 높다는 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 비구형 단괴가 속성 과정으로 형성되는 동안 단일 단괴 내에서도 지화학적 조건에 차이가 있었다는 것을 지시한다. 더하여, 부수광물로서 암염이 일부 층에서 관찰되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 단괴 내 존재하던 해수의 증발로 인해 암염 결정이 형성되었음을 지시한다. 이처럼 본 연구에서는 라만 분광분석을 통해 비구형 단괴 내 광물종의 분포 및 구조적 특성에 대해 제시하였고 향후 본 연구 방법은 다양한 단괴 연구에 적용되어 지구물질의 지질학적 형성 과정에 대한 보다 세밀한 이해를 가능하게 할 것으로 기대된다.