• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제83권1호
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 1994

경상남도(慶尙南道) 일대(一帶)에서 채집(採集)한 수렵조수류(狩獵鳥獸類) 4종(種)에 대한 중금속(重金屬)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果), 일반적(一般的)으로 생체필수원소(生體必須元素)인 Fe, Zn, Cu의 농도(濃度) 수준은 국내(國內)의 비오염지역(非汚染地域)에서 채집(採集) 발표(發表)된 산림(山林) 조수류(鳥獸類) 및 수금류(水禽類)에 대한 분석결과(分析結果)와 비슷한 수준을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났으나 오염원소(汚染元素)인 Pb와 Cd는 일부조직(一部組織)에서 백그라운드레벨을 넘어 높은 농도(濃度)를 나타내었다. 특(特)히 Pb의 경우 정상적(正常的)인 조직분포(組織分布) 패턴과는 달리 일부(一部) 근육조직(筋肉組織)에서 높은 농도(濃度)로 검출(檢出)되었으며 이것은 포획당시 산탄(霰彈)(Pb 탄알)에 의한 오염(汚染)인 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다. 또한 산탄(霰彈)에 오염(汚染)된 근육조직(筋肉組織)은 Pb 농도(濃度)가 높아 식용(食用)으로 부적합(不適合)한 것으로 평가(評價)되었으며 국민건강(國民健康) 측면(側面)에서 볼 때 앞으로 이에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)가 시급(時急)한 실정에 있다고 하겠다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2020

Vivianite (Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)2·8H₂O) and green rust ([Fe₄²⁺Fe₂³⁺(OH)^-₁₂][SO₄^2-·2H₂O]^2-), ferrous containing minerals, could remove aqueous U(VI) in 5 min. and the efficiencies of green rust were roughly 2 times higher than that of vivianite. The zeta potential measurement results implies that the better performance of green rust might be attributed to the favorable surface charge toward uranyl phosphate species. The removal behaviors of the minerals were well fitted by pseudo-second order kinetic model (R² > 0.990) indicating the dominant removal process was chemical adsorption. Effects of Ca²⁺ and CO₃^2- at pH 7 were examined in terms of removal kinetic and capacity. The kinetic constants of aqueous U(VI) were 8 and 13 times lower (0.492 × 10^-3 g/(mg·min); 0.305 × 10^-3 g/(mg·min)) compared to the value in the absence of the ions. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showed that the stable uranyl species (uranyl tri-carbonate) were newly formed at the condition. Surface investigation on the reacted mineral with uranyl phosphates species were carried out by XPS. Ferrous iron and U(VI) on the green rust surface were completely oxidized and reduced into Fe(III) and U(IV) after 7 d. It suggests that the ferrous minerals can retard U(VI) migration in phosphate-rich groundwater through the adsorption and subsequent reduction processes.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.579-598
• /
• 2019

강원도 태백산국립공원 구역에 인접한 동해폐탄광으로부터 발생하는 산성광산배수(AMD)에 대하여 수질오염과 하상퇴적물 내 Fe, Al의 거동특성을 화학분석, XRD, 적외선분광분석(IR), 핵자기공명분석(²⁷Al NMR)을 이용하여 연구하였다. 산성광산배수의 수질은 pH와 용존이온의 침전에 따라서 변화하며, 포화지수 계산에 따르면 대부분 다양한 철, 알루미늄 수산화광물종에 과포화되어 있다. 하상의 적갈색 침전물은 슈베르트마나이트, 페리하이드라이트와 침철석으로 구성된다. 백색침전물은 대부분 알루미늄광물인 배스알루미나이트로 구성되는데, 이것의 결정도는 매우 낮다. 배스알루미나이트에서는 Al-중합체 Al₁₃-Tridecamer가 소량으로 함유되어 있다. 동해폐탄광의 산성광산배수를 저감하기 위해서는 단순한 저류조 운영보다는 적극적인 제거법을 적용하여 철, 알루미늄 광물의 침전과 용해도를 조절할 필요가 있다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 1999

The community structure, phytomass, and primary productivity in Thuja orientalis stands on a limestone area located in Maepo-up, Chungbuk province in Korea were estimated quantitatively. Seven species including a small proportion of Quercus dentata were identified in the tree layer, 26 species including Ulmus macrocarpa in the shrub layer, and 79 species including Carex lnceolata in the herb layer of the Thuja stands. The vertical distribution of the fine root phytomass exhibited a power functional decrease relative to the soil depth. The seasonal changes in the fine root phytomass at a soil depth of 5 cm were closely related to the pecipitation in the study area. The productivity of the stand of stems, branches, leaves, and roots were 10.72, 0.82, 0.45 and 6.46 ton DM. $ha^{-1}$ .$yr^{-1}$, respectively. The Thuja stand had a high foliage(25%) and low rate of production per unit of foliage. The annual turnover rate of the fine roots int he Thuja stand was 6.71 $yr^{-1}$. The net primary production of the overstory including the understory was estimated at 19.48 ton DM.$ha^{-1}$.$yr^{-1}$ including an underground section of 6.46 ton DM.$ha^{-1}$.$yr^{-1}$(33%). The allocation ratio of net production to root was lower in the limestone Thuja communities than at the nearby non-limestone ones, whereas the production efficiency to leaf weight was higher in the limestone communities. These results would seem to indicate that the limited production capacity is due to the calcium toxicity and low availability of iron and phosphorus in a limestone soil with a high pH, calcium, and bicarbonate content with a strategy for survival in a hostile habitat.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권24호
• /
• pp.81-98
• /
• 2003

The biodeterioration on Iksan Mireuksaji pagoda has been studied with fucus on application of K201 as a chemical treatment. Total of 39species, including 10 algae, 16 lichens, 6 mosses and 7 unidentified bacteria and fungi, were collected and identified on the surface of the pagoda. Most of them caused serious discoloration on the surface. The effectiveness and stability of K201 was examined by applying it on some part of the pagoda. A mild spraying of solution diluted to half of original reagent was good enough to eliminate all the deteriorating species on the surface. Most of discoloration disappeared after the treatment except the red color caused by iron substance. The effectiveness of the regent was compared with water wash. The stone was first washed with water and the dirt on the surface was scrubbed off from the surface. The initial surface of the stone was clearer in water wash. However, many of the deteriorating species reappear in 4 weeks after water wash. Although spraying of the reagent K201 could noteliminate all the remnant of dead organisms as good as scrubbing the surface, no deteriorating algae or lichen was observed until two month after treatment. Therefore, spraying method with chemicals seems more stable and reliable way to remove the biodeterioration than physical scrubbing of the surface.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2015

Microorganisms specifically groups of bacteria exhibiting physiological activities of production of acids are a major cause of concern because of their ability to induce corrosion in oil field pipelines and metal systems involved in water handling. Water Injection Stations as a means of secondary recovery from existing oil producing reservoirs, are often employed in most upstream oil and gas industries to ensure replenishment of voidage, maintenance of reservoir pressure and optimization of crude emulsion throughput. In the present study, scanning electron microscopy of macroscopic orange coloured slime formations sampled from leaking valves on the flow-lines of a Water Injection Stations of Oil India Limited revealed the presence of filamentous bacterial mats in association with diatoms. The species composition of the acidic slime formations from the sampled locations reveal the possible role of acid producing iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB) like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in association with Gomphonema sp. in creating conditions for bio-corrosion.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 International Symposium of Silkworm/Insect Biotechnology and Annual Meeting of Korea Society of Sericultural Science
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2003

The first line of antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species includes the enzymatic activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and water. The SOD mainly removes highly toxic $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ and also prevents $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ mediated reduction of iron and subsequent OH$^{[-10]}$ generation. Along with an interest in SOD as a first line of defense against damage mediated by the superoxide anion, the SOD1 enzyme has been subjected to investigation in the molecular and cellular level. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 2003

1-Methylated $\beta$-carbolines (harmaline and harmalol) and antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and ascorbate) reduced the loss of cell viability in differentiated PC 12 cells treated with 5 mM glutamate. $\beta$-Carbolines prevented the glutamate-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in PC 12 cells. $\beta$-Carbolines reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione due to glutamate in PC12 cells. $\beta$-Carbolines revealed a scavenging action on hydrogen peroxide and reduced the iron and EDTA-mediated degradation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose. The results suggest that I-methylated $\beta$-carbolines attenuate the cytotoxic effect of glutamate on PC12 cells by reducing the alteration of mitochondrial membrane permeability that seems to be mediated by oxidative stress.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.318-322
• /
• 2004

Arsenic is a toxic and carcinogenic metalloid, whose sources in nature include mineral dissolution and volcanic eruption. Abandoned mines and hazardous waste disposal sites are another major source of arsenic contamination of soil and aquatic systems. To predict concentrations of the toxic inorganic arsenic in aqueous phase. the biogeochemical redox processes and transport behavior need to be studied together and be coupled in a reactive transport model. A new reaction module describing the fate and transport of inorganic arsenic species (As(II)), dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ferrous iron, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon are developed and incorporated into the RT3D code.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.242-246
• /
• 1988

To determine contents of inorganic elements of Laccaria, the carpophores of Laccaria laccata(Fr.) Berk. et Br., Laccaria amethystina(Fr.) Berk. et Br., Laccaria tortilis(S.P. Gray) Cooke and Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo were incinerated and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Total contents of determined inorganic elements(except Cd) were highst in Laccaria tortilis than the other three mushrooms, and Laccaria vinaceoavellanea, Laccaria laccata and Laccaria amethystina in that order. The four species mushrooms contained potassium, iron, zinc, sodium, copper, manganese, and calsium in that order, and the content of potassium was the highst than the other inorganic components. The content of cadmium was Laccaria tortilis, Laccaria laccata, Laccaria vinaceoavellanea and Laccaria amethystina in that order.