• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권5호
• /
• pp.1159-1168
• /
• 2021

Ovotransferrin (OTF), an egg protein known as transferrin family protein, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This is because OTF has two iron binding sites, so it has a strong metal chelating ability. The present study aimed to evaluate the improved immune-enhancing activities of OTF hydrolysates produced using bromelain, pancreatin, and papain. The effects of OTF hydrolysates on the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages were confirmed. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using Griess reagent and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-6) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages were evaluated using an ELISA assay and neutral red uptake assay, respectively. All OTF hydrolysates enhanced NO production by increasing iNOS mRNA expression. Treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with OTF hydrolysates increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phagocytic activity. The production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by OTF hydrolysates was inhibited by the addition of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. In conclusion, results indicated that all OTF hydrolysates activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by activating MAPK signaling pathway.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.73-74
• /
• 2022

The corrosion inhibitive effect of a new hydrazone-based heterocyclic compound for steel in simulated concrete pore solution with 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride was investigated by experimental and computational techniques. Electrochemical studies, up to 30 days of immersion, and surface analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were performed to assess the corrosion protection abilities of investigated compound for steel rebar. Results showed that adding the organic compound to the chloride contaminated concrete pore solution decreased the corrosion rate of the steel rebar thanks to the effective adsorption of inhibitor molecules. After 30 days of immersion of steel rebar in inhibited chloride contaminated synthetic concrete pore solution, the inhibition efficiency exceeded 80% at low concentration of 1 mmol/L. Computational studies by Density Functional based Tight Binding (DFTB) method revealed the formation of covalent bonds between the hydrazone molecule and the iron surface.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1606-1610
• /
• 2004

본 실험은 자돈식이내 $\delta$-아미노레불린산의 첨가가 이유자돈의 성장능력 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 3원 교잡종 자돈 75두(평균체중 7.21$\pm$0.02 kg)를 공시하였다. 시 험 설계는 1) NC(negative control; 무항생제 기초식이), 2) PC(positive control; NC diet+0.1% Apramycin+0.1% Oxytetracycline),3) ALA0.1 (NC diet+0.1% $\delta$-아미노레불린산), 4) ALA0.2(NC diet+0.2% $\delta$-아미노레불린산),5) ALA + AB (PC diet+0.2% $\delta$-아미노레불린산)의 5개 처리를 하였다. 총 사양시험기간동안, 일당증체 량은 ALA+AB 처리구가 NC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었으나(p<0.05), PC, ALA0.1 그리고 ALA0.2처리구와는 통계적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 일당식 이섭취량과 식이효율에 있어서는 처리구간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. 시험 개시 후 20일령 에 측정한 영양소 소화율에 있어서는 건물과 질소 소화율에 있어서 ALA+AB처리구가 NC 처리구 및 ALA0.1 처리구와 비교하여 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 또한, 혈청내 total protein의 농도에 있어서는 ALA+AB처리구가 NC 처리구 및 PC 처리구와 비교하여 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈청내 iron의 농도는 $\delta$-아미노레불린산을 첨가한 처리구가 NC 및 PC 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈청내 TIBC에 있어서는 ALA+AB 처리구가 NC, PC 그리고 ALA0.1 처리구와 비교하여 통계적으로 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈액내 Hb 및 HCT의 농도는 ALA0.2 처리구와 ALA+AB 처리구가 NC 처리구와 PC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈액내 RBC와 WBC의 농도는 ALA0.2 처리구와 ALA +AB 처리구가 NC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P<0.05). 혈액내 lymphocyte는 $\delta$-아미노레불린산 처리구가 NC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0,05). 결론적으로, 자돈식 이내 $\delta$-아미노레불린산의 첨가는 자돈의 성장 및 소화율을 향상시키며, 혈액 내 total protein, iron, hemoglobin, lymphocyte의 수준을 증가시켰다. 또한, $\delta$-아미노레불린산과 항생제의 혼합급여는 자돈의 성장 능력에 있어 상승효과를 갖는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.429-449
• /
• 1992

The consumption of foods rich in TDF should not be associated with impaired mineral absorp-tion and long-term mineral status. In surveys of populations consuming high amounts of TDF e.g Third World populations and vegetarinas gross deficiencies in mineral nutrition have not been noted. If mineral status is low among these groups it is most likely caused by the inadequacy or imbalance of the diet and not by the TDF. The key word is interaction which should be inte-rpreted in dietary imbalances that produce nut-rient deficiencies. There are no strong data to support the concept that TDF inhibits mineral absorption through a binding chelation mechanism. Limited data sug-gest that positively charged groups on polymers such as chitosan and cholestyramine will decrease iron absorption in humans and animals. Because TDF does not contain positively charged groups future research should be directed at the possible role of protein consumed along with TDF and the combination of effects on mineral nutrition Phytic acid is acknowledged as a potent chela-tor of zinc. However its association with zinc and its propensity to lower Zn bioavaiability may enhance the absorption of other elements notably copper and iron. The importance of interactions among nutrients including TDF will gain addi-tional attention in the scientific community. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber function di-fferently in the intestine. Insoluble fibers accele-rate movement through the intestine. Soluble die-tary fibers appear to regulated blood concentra-tions of glucose and cholesterol albeit by some unknown mechanism. In creased viscosity produ-ced by the SDF in the intestine may provide an explanation of how this class of polymers affects plasma glucose cholesterol and other nutrients. Employing a double-perfusion technique in the rat we demonstrated that viscosity produced by SDF will delay transfer of zinc into the circulatory system. This delayed absorption should not be interpreted as decreased utilization. A great deal of additional research is required to prove the importance of luminaly viscosity produced by SDF on slowing nutrient absorption or regulating bllod nutrient homeostasis. Increased intake of TDF in the total human diet appears desirable. A dietary intake of 35g/day should not be considered to have a negative effect on mineral absorption. It is important to educate people that an intake of more than 35g TDF/day may cause an imbalance in the diet that can adve-rsely affect mineral utilization. Acknowledgments. Appreciation is given to Dr. George V. Vahouny(deceased) who was intense a great competitor in and out of science and who gave the author inspiration Portions of this work were supported by the University of Missouri Ag-ricultural Station and by a grant from the Univer-rch Support Grant RR 07053 from the National Institutes of Health. Contribution of the Missouri Agriculatural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 10747.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.536-547
• /
• 2008

Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, leucoanthocyanidin oxygenase), a 2-oxoglutarate iron-dependent oxygenase, catalyzed the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the anthocyanin class of flavonoids, from the colorless leucoanthocyanidins to the colored anthocyanidins. The full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of ANS gene (designated as GbANS) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba for the first time. The full-length cDNA of GbANS contained a 1062-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 354-amino-acid protein. The genomic DNA analysis showed that GbANS gene had three exons and two introns. The deduced GbANS protein showed high identities to other plant ANSs. The conserved amino acids (H-X-D) ligating ferrous iron and residues (R-X-S) participating in 2-oxoglutarate binding were found in GbANS at the similar positions like other ANSs. Southern blot analysis indicated that GbANS belonged to a multi-gene family. The expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that GbANS expressed in a tissue-specific manner in G. biloba. GbANS was also found to be up-regulated by all of the six tested abiotic stresses, UV-B, abscisic acid, sucrose, salicylic acid, cold and ethylene, consistent with the promoter region analysis of GbANS. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli strain with pET-28a vector. The in vitro enzyme activity assay by HPLC indicated that recombinant GbANS protein could catalyze the formation the cyanidin from leucocyanidin and conversion of dihydroquercetin to quercetin, suggesting GbANS is a bifunctional enzyme within the anthocyanidin and flavonol biosynthetic pathway.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2019

Chelatase는 tetrapyrrole에 2가 금속을 삽입하는 데 관여하는 효소로서 cobalamin, siroheme, heme, chlorophyll과 같은 금속-tetrapyrrole의 생합성에 필수적인 역할을 담당한다. SirB는 sirohydrochlorin(SHC) tetrapyrrole의 중앙부에 코발트나철을 삽입하여 코발트-SHC 또는 철-SHC를 형성하는 SHC chelatase이다. SirB의 금속 결합 기전 및 SHC 인식 기전을 구조적으로 이해하기 위해 Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii에서 유래한 SirB(bssSirB)의 코발트 복합체 구조를 규명하였다. bssSirB는 N-말단 도메인(NTD)과 C-말단 도메인(CTD)으로 구성된 ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ 단량체 구조를 형성한다. bssSirB는 NTD와 CTD 사이에 서열 보존성이 높은 공동을 지니며 NTD의 histidine 잔기 2개를 이용하여 공동 상단에서 코발트 이온과 상호작용한다. 또한 구조 비교 분석 결과 bssSirB는 공동 내에 SHC 분자를 수용하는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 구조적 발견에 기초하여 bssSirB의 공동은 SHC의 코발트 삽입이 이뤄지는 활성 부위임을 제안한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 2004

Objectives : Iron (Fe) is an essential element in biological processes; however excessive Fe is harmful to human health. Some air pollutants contain a high level of Fe, and the human lung could therefore be over-exposed to Fe through inhaled air pollutants. This study was performed to investigate the role of metal transporters (divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1, and metal transporter protein 1, MTP1) in the lung under the environments of Fe deficiency in the body and Fe over-exposure in the lung. Methods : Rats were fed Fe deficient (FeD, 2-6 mg Fe/kg) or Fe supplemented (FeS, 120 mg Fe/kg) diet for 4 weeks, followed by a single intratracheal instillation of ferrous sulfate at low (10 mg/kg) or high (20 mg/kg) dose. Fe concentration was analyzed in the serum, lung and liver, and histopathological findings were observed in the lung at 24 hours after Fe administration. The level of DMT1 and MTP1 expression in the lung was analyzed by RT-PCR. Also, the effect of Fe deficiency in the body was evaluated on the level of Fe concentration and metal transporters compared to FeS-diet fed rats at the end of 4-week FeD or FeS diet. Results : The 4-week FeD diet in rats induced an Fe deficiency anemia with decreased serum total Fe, increased unsaturated Fe binding capacity and hypochromic microcytic red blood cells. The concentration of Fe in the lung and liver was lower in the FeD-diet fed rats than in the FeS-diet fed rats. The level of metal transporters mRNA expression was higher in the FeD-diet fed rats than in the FeS-diet. The concentration of Fe in the lung was increased in a dose-dependent pattern after intratracheal instillation of Fe into the rats, while the level of Fe in the serum and liver was not increased in the low-dose Fe administered rats. Therefore, DMT1 and MTP1 mRNA was highly expressed in both FeD-diet and FeS-diet fed rats, after intratracheal instillation of Fe. Conclusions : DMT1 and MTP1 mRNA were more highly expressed in FeD-diet fed rats than in FeS-diet fed rats. The over-exposure of Fe intratracheally induced high expression of metal transporters and increased Fe deposition in the lung in both FeD-diet and FeS-diet fed rats, but did not increase the Fe level of the serum and liver in low-dose Fe administered rats. These results suggest that the role of metal transporters in the lung might be different in a part from the duodenum under the environment of over-exposure to Fe.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.17-37
• /
• 2006

Objectives : To observe the changes in the serum proteins after intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods : Blood was collected before and after the administration of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture and only the serum was taken. Then differences in the spots on the scanned image after carrying out 2-Dimensional electrophoresis were located and conducted mass analysis and protein identification. Results : Following results were obtained from the comparative analysis of serum proteins before and after the administration of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. 1. 28 spots were identified before and after the administration. 2. In confirming manifestation degree, spots with more than two-times increase were 204, 1302, 2205, 3105, 7104, 8006, spots with more than one-time increase were 1101, 1505, 2013, 2403, 3009, 3010, 4002, 4009, 6704, 8101, and spots with decrease were 205, 801, 803, 3205, 5202, 6105, 6106, 7103, 9001, 9003. 3. After conducting protein identification, proteins 205, 804, 1302, 4009, 6105, 6106 are unidentified yet, and 1l01 is unnamed protein. Protein 204 is identified as complement receptor CR2-C3d, 801 as YAPl protein, 803 as antitrypsin polymer, 1505 as PRO0684, 2013 and 3010 as proapolipoprotein, 2205 as USP48, 2403 as vitamin D binding protein, 3009 as complement component 4A preprotein, 3105 as immunoglobulin lambda chain, 3205 as transthyretin, 4002 as Ras-related protein Ral-A, 4204 as beta actin, 5202 and 7104 as apolipoprotein Ll, 6704 as alpha 2 macroglobulin precursor, 7103 as complement component 3 precursor, 8006 as testis-specific protein Y, 8101 as transferrin, 9001 as (Alpha-Oxy, Beta-(Cl12g)deoxy) T-State Human Hemoglobin, and 9003 as human hemoglobin. 4. Immune protein CR2-C3d(204), which acts against microbes and pathogenic organisms, was increased by more than two-times after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 5. Antitrypsin(803), which is secreted with inflammatory response in the lungs, was reduced after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 6. Proapolipoprotein(2013, 3010) and apolipoprotein(7104), key components of the HDL-cholesterol which plays an important role in preventing arteriosclerosis, were increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 7. Vitamin D binding protein(DBP, 2403), protecting the lung at the time of inflammatory response, was increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 8. Transthyretin(TTR, 3205), which is the main protein causing familial amyloid polyneuropathy(FAP), was decreased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 9. Ras-related protein Ral-A(4002) that controls phospholipid metabolism, cytoskeletal formation, and membrane traffic, was increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 10. Testis-specific protein Y(8006), which takes part in determination of the gender, was increased by more than two-times after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 11. Transferrin(8101), which balances the iron level in the body, was increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. Conclusion : Above results support the notion that intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture induce changes in serum proteins and this research can be a pioneer work in finding biomarkers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1877-1884
• /
• 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a primary candidate for cell therapy applications because they have self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Although they can be expanded in ex vivo system, clinical application of these cells is still limited because they survive poorly and undergo senescence or apoptosis when transplanted and exposed to environmental factors such as oxidative stress. Thus, reducing oxidative stress is expected to improve the efficacy of MSC therapy. The milk protein lactoferrin is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein that plays various roles, including reduction of oxidative stress. Thus, we explored the effect of lactoferrin on oxidative stress-induced senescence and apoptosis of human MSCs (hMSCs). Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that lactoferrin inhibited the production of hydrogen peroxide-induced intracellular ROS, suggesting lactoferrin as a good candidate as an antioxidant in hMSCs. Pretreatment of lactoferrin suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence of hMSCs. In addition, lactoferrin reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via inhibition of caspase-3 and Akt activation. These results demonstrate that lactoferrin can be a promising factor to protect hMSCs from oxidative stress-induced senescence and apoptosis, thus increasing the efficacy of MSC therapy.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 1993

철을 함유하는 전기적 광물들의 뫼스바우어 및 적외선 흡수 스펙트럼들은, 철 2가와 철 3가 이온들이 Y와 Z팔면체 자리에 들어가는 것을 보여준다. 철 이온들은 대개 2가인데, 대부분 Y자리에 분포되며 부분적으로 Z자리에도 들어간다. 흑갈색 전기석 광물들은 청색/녹색 전기석들 보다 Z자리의 철 2가 성분이 높다. 그러므로, 광학 스펙트럼으로 보면 흑갈색 전기석의 720 nm 피크가 청색/녹색 전기석의 피크보다 더 넓게 나타난다. 실험에 이용된 녹색/청색 전기석 광물들은 모두 철 2가 이온들만 가지고 있다. 전기석들의 적외선 스펙트럼들은 화학 분석결과로 보아 OH 주위의 양이온들의 환경에 따라 민감한 변화를 보인다. 열처리한 시료의 분석결과를 보면, O(1)H와 O(3)H의 적외선 흡수 스펙트럼 특성에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 철 2가와 OH를 가지는 규산염 광물의 경우, $3565cm^{-1}$ 피크를 특징적으로 가지는데 이들의 탈수온도는 $700{\sim}800^{\circ}C$이다.