• 제목/요약/키워드: ionospheric electric field

검색결과 18건 처리시간 0.023초

Response of the Geomagnetic Activity Indices to the Solar Wind Parameters

  • Ahn, Byung-Ho;Park, Yoon-Kyung
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 2008
  • This study attempts to show how the geomagnetic indices, AU, AL and Dst, respond to the interplanetary parameters, more specifically, the solar wind electric field VBz during southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) period. The AU index does not seem to respond linearly to the variation of southward IMF. Only a noticeable correlation between the AU and VBz is shown during summer, when the ionospheric conductivity associated with the solar EUV radiation is high. It is highly likely that the effect of electric field on the eastward electrojet intensification is only noticeable whenever the ionospheric conductivity is significantly enhanced during summer. Thus, one should be very cautious in employing the AU as a convection index during other seasons. The AL index shows a significantly high correlation with VBz regardless of season. Considering that the auroral electrojet is the combined result of electric field and ionospheric conductivity, the intensification of these two quantities seems to occur concurrently during southward IMF period. This suggests that the AL index behaves more like a convection index rather than a substorm index as far as hourly mean AL index is concerned. Contrary to the AU index, the AL index does not register the maximum value during summer for a given level of VBz. It has something to do with the findings that discrete auroras are suppressed in sunlight hemisphere (Newell et al. 1996), thus reducing the ionospheric conductivity during summer. As expected, the Dst index tends to become more negative as VBz gets intensified. However, the Dst index (nT) is less than or equal to 15VBz(mV/m) + 50(Bz < 0). It indicates that VBz determines the lower limit of the storm size, while another factor(s), possibly substorm, seems to get further involved in intensifying storms. Although it has not been examined in this study, the duration of southward IMF would also be a factor to be considered in determining the size of a storm.

Characteristics of the Polar Ionosphere Based on the Chatanika and Sondrestrom Incoherent Scatter Radars

  • Kwak, Young-Sil;Ahn, Byung-Ho
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.489-499
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    • 2004
  • The climatological characteristics of the polar ionospheric currents obtained from the simultaneous observations of the ionospheric electric field and conductivity are examined. For this purpose, 43 and 109 days of measurements from the Chatanika and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radars are utilized respectively. The ionospheric current density is compared with the corresponding ground magnetic disturbance. Several interesting characteristics about the polar ionosphere are apparent from this study: (1) The sun determines largely the conductance over the Sondrestrom radar, while the nighttime conductance distribution over the Chatanika radar is significantly affected by auroral precipitation. (2) The regions of the maximum N-S electric field over the Chatanika radar are located approximately at the dawn and dusk sectors, while they tend to shift towards dayside over the Sondrestrom radar. The N-S component over Son-drestrom is slightly stronger than Chatanika. However, the E-W component over Chatanika is negligible compared to that of Sondrestrom. (3) The E-W ionospheric current flows dominantly in the night hemisphere over Chatanika, while it flows in the sunlit hemisphere over Sondrestrom. The N-S current over Chatanika flows prominently in the dawn and dusk sectors, while a strong southward current flows in the prenoon sector over Sondrestrom. (4) The assumption of infinite sheet current approximation is far from realistic, underestimating the current density by a factor of 2 or more. It is particularly serious for the higher latitude region. (5) The correlation between ${\Delta}H\;and\;J_E$ is higher than the one between ${\Delta}D\;and\;J_N$, indicating that field-aligned current affects ${\Delta}D$significantly.

Time-Varying Seismogenic Coulomb Electric Fields as a Probable Source for Pre-Earthquake Variation in the Ionospheric F2-Layer

  • Kim, Vitaly P.;Hegai, Valery V.;Liu, Jann Yenq;Ryu, Kwangsun;Chung, Jong-Kyun
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 2017
  • The electric coupling between the lithosphere and the ionosphere is examined. The electric field is considered as a timevarying irregular vertical Coulomb field presumably produced on the Earth's surface before an earthquake within its epicentral zone by some micro-processes in the lithosphere. It is shown that the Fourier component of this electric field with a frequency of 500 Hz and a horizontal scale-size of 100 km produces in the nighttime ionosphere of high and middle latitudes a transverse electric field with a magnitude of ~20 mV/m if the peak value of the amplitude of this Fourier component is just 30 V/m. The time-varying vertical Coulomb field with a frequency of 500 Hz penetrates from the ground into the ionosphere by a factor of ${\sim}7{\times}10^5$ more efficient than a time independent vertical electrostatic field of the same scale size. The transverse electric field with amplitude of 20 mV/m will cause perturbations in the nighttime F region electron density through heating the F region plasma resulting in a reduction of the downward plasma flux from the protonosphere and an excitation of acoustic gravity waves.

SONDRESTROM 비간섭 산란 레이더 자료를 이용한 극지방 전리층의 기후학적 특성 연구 (CLIMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLAR IONOSPHERE BASED ON THE SONDRESTROM INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR MEASUREMENTS)

  • 곽영실;안병호
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.75-88
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    • 2002
  • 전리층의 전기 전도도와 전기장을 구함으로써 극지방 전리층의 기후학적 특성을 살펴보았다 이를 위해, 총 109일간의 Sondrestrom 비간섭 산란 레이더 자료를 이용하였다. 전기 전도도와 전기장을 이용하여 전리층 전류 분포를 추정하였고, 구해진 전리층 전류 밀도와 그로 인해 유발되는 지상 지자기 변화를 비교하였다. 또한 지상 지자기 변화(특히, D 성분)에 대한 연자기력선 전류의 효과도 검토되었다. Sondrestrom 상공 전리층에 대한 몇 가지 흥미로운 기후학적 특성을 본 연구로부터 알 수 있었다: (1) 주간의 전기 전도도 분포는 주로 태양 EUV복사에 의한 것이며, 야간에는 미약하다. (2) 극관 영역 전리층의 전기 전도도 분포는, 주간에는 태양 EUV복사에 의한 분포를 보이는 반면, 야간에는 Hall 및 Pedersen 전기 전도도의 시간 평균이 각각 1.6 및 1.2 siemen으로 아주 낮다. (3) 남북 성분 전기장의 최대치가 낮 영역에 나타나는 경향이 있다. 동서 성분 전기장은 Chatanika에 비해 강하다 (4) 동서 성분 전류는 낮 영역에서 강하게 흐른다. 정오 바로 전에 강한 남향 전류가 흐른다. (5) 오로라제트전류와 동시에 관측된 지상 지자기 변화 $({{\Delta}}H)$ 사이에 높은 상관관계를 나타낸다. 하지만 무한판상을 가정한 전류가 크게 과소평가 된다. 또한 ${{\Delta}}H$의 관계보다 더 높게 나타나며, 이것은 연자기력선 전류가 ${\Delta}7$에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.

SUPERDARN과 GREENLAND 자력계를 이용한 전리층 전기전도도의 추정 (ESTIMATION OF IONOSPHERIC CONDUCTIVITY BASED ON THE MEASUREMENTS BY SUPERDARN HF RADARS AND GREENLAND MAGNETOMETERS)

  • 이은아;안병호;이유
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.141-150
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    • 2002
  • 전리층은 우주환경의 변화에 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 특히 전기전도도 분포에 관한 정보는 자기권-전리층 상호작용을 이해하는데 필수적이다. 이러한 요구에 부응해서 전기전도도를 구하려는 다양한 시도가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 SuperDARN(Super Dual Auroral Radar Network) 레이더망 중 Goose Bay 및 Stokkseyri 레이더에서 관측한 전기장과 Greenland의 서부해안에 설치된 지자기 관측소에서 동시에 얻은 지상 지자기 기록을 이용하여 전기전도도를 추정하였다. 또한 전리층을 흐르는 전류를 무한판상으로 가정하고 Biot-Savart 및 Ohm의 법칙을 적용하여 Hall 및 Pedersen 전기전도도를 추정하였다. 예상한대로 Hall 전기전도도는 오로라 제트전류대의 중심을 따라 상당히 강화됨을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 Pedersen 전기전도도는 광범위한 지역에 서 음의 값이 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 보완하기 위해서 지자기 변화 성분인 ${\Delta}D$에 연자기력선 전류의 효과를 고려하였다. 그 결과 이전에 음으로 나타난 지역이 상당히 감소되었다. 따라서 지상 지자기 변화 자료와 레이더에서 관측된 전기장을 이용해서 전기전도도를 구하는 경우 연자기력선 전류의 효과를 고려해야 한다.

지상지자기변화기록을 이용한 우주천기연구 (SPACE WEATHER RESEARCH BASED ON GROUND GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCE DATA)

  • 안병호
    • 천문학논총
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    • 제15권spc2호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2000
  • Through the coupling between the near-earth space environment and the polar ionosphere via geomagnetic field lines, the variations occurred in the magnetosphere are transferred to the polar region. According to recent studies, however, the polar ionosphere reacts not only passively to such variations, but also plays active roles in modifying the near-earth space environment. So the study of the polar ionosphere in terms of geomagnetic disturbance becomes one of the major elements in space weather research. Although it is an indirect method, ground magnetic disturbance data can be used in estimating the ionospheric current distribution. By employing a realistic ionospheric conductivity model, it is further possible to obtain the distributions of electric potential, field-aligned current, Joule heating rate and energy injection rate associated with precipitating auroral particles and their energy spectra in a global scale with a high time resolution. Considering that the ground magnetic disturbances are recorded simultaneously over the entire polar region wherever magnetic station is located, we are able to separate temporal disturbances from spatial ones. On the other hand, satellite measurements are indispensible in the space weather research, since they provide us with in situ measurements. Unfortunately it is not easy to separate temporal variations from spatial ones specifically measured by a single satellite. To demonstrate the usefulness of ground magnetic disturbance data in space weather research, various ionospheric quantities are calculated through the KRM method, one of the magneto gram inversion methods. In particular, we attempt to show how these quantities depend on the ionospheric conductivity model employed.

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The Influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)-Dependent Ionospheric Convection on the Thermospheric Dynamics

  • Kwak, Y.S.;Ahn, B.H.;Richmond, A.D.
    • 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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    • 한국우주과학회 2003년도 한국우주과학회보 제12권2호
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    • pp.34-34
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    • 2003
  • To better understand how high-latitude electric fields influence thermospheric dynamics, we study winds in the high-latitude lower thermosphere using the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR/TIEGCM). In order to compare with Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) observations the model is run for the conditions of 1992-1993 southern summer. The association of the model results with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is also examined to determine the influences of the IMF-dependent ionospheric convection on the winds. The wind patterns show good agreement with the WINDII observations, although the model wind speeds are generally weaker than the observations. It is confirmed that the influences of high-latitude ionospheric convection on summertime thermospheric winds are seen down to 105 km. For negative and positive IMF By the difference winds, with respect to the wind during null IMF conditions, show significantly strong anticyclonic and cyclonic vortices, respectively, down to 105 km. For positive IMF Bz the difference winds are largely confined to the polar cap, while for negative IMF Bz they extend to subauroral latitudes. The IMF Bz-dependent diurnal wind component is strongly correlated with the corresponding component of ionospheric convection velocity down to 108 km and is largely rotational. The influence of IMF By on the lower thermospheric summertime zonal-mean zonal wind is substantial at high latitudes, with maximum wind speeds being 60 m/s at 130 km around 77 magnetic latitude.

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남쪽방향 행성간 자기장에 의해 발생한 자기 폭풍 동안 한반도 상공의 총 전자수 함유량 변화 (TEC VARIATIONS OVER KOREAN PENINSULA DURING MAGNETIC STORM)

  • 지은영;최병규;김관혁;이동훈;조정호;정종균;박종욱
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2008
  • 행성간 자기장(Interplanetary Magnetic Field)이 남쪽방향으로 전환되면서 발생된 2003년 자기폭풍 동안 한반도 상공 전리층의 총 전자수 함유량(Total Electron Content, TEC) 변화에 대해 알아보았다. 남쪽방향의 행성간 자기장과 지구 자기장의 상호작용에 의해 고위도에서 유도된 전기장과 저위도 전리층으로 전파된 전기장이 저위도 지역의 TEC 증가와 관련 있는 것으로 생각된다. 데이터 분석결과 2003년 6월 16일에 발생한 이벤트 동안에는 낮 지역 TEC 값이 약 15% 증가하였다. F2층의 최대 높이를 나타내는 hmF2는 300km 까지 상승되었으며, 수직방향 $E{\times}B$ 표류운동은 아랫방향으로 나타났다. 이것은 남쪽방향의 행성간 자기장 동안 고위도 지역으로 유입된 에너지에 의해 발생한 전리층의 교란된 다이나모 전기장이 TEC을 증가시킨 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 11월 20일에 발생한 이벤트 동안에는 전리층으로 전파된 서쪽방향 전기장에 의해 밤 지역 TEC 갈이 약 10% 증가한 것으로 보여 진다. 행성간 자기장이 남쪽방향으로 전환됨과 동시에 hmF2 높이는 200km까지 감소되었으며, 아랫방향 $E{\times}B$ 표류운동이 나타났다. 또한 행성간 전기장 y성분과 수직방향 TEC 값이 거의 비슷하게 변화하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 서로 다른 원인에 의해 발생하였지만 전리층의 교란된 전기장이 한반도 상공의 순간적인 TEC 값 증가에 중요한 요인으로 작용함을 보여 준다.