• 공업화학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2016

Ionic liquid 기능화 및 메탈로센 촉매 담지를 위해 세 종류의 무정형 실리카와 SBA-15를 담체로 사용하였다. Ionic liquid가 표면 기능화된 실리카는 1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolium chloride의 염소 음이온과 실리카 표면의 OH 그룹 사이의 상호작용에 의해 합성되었다. 에틸렌 중합을 위해 ionic liquid가 기능화된 실리카에 메탈로센과 조촉매 methylaluminoxane(MAO)을 담지하였다. SBA-15와 비교하여 큰 기공 크기를 갖는 ionic liquid가 표면 기능화된 XPO-2412와 XPO-2410에 담지된 촉매는 기능화되지 않은 실리카에 담지된 촉매보다 높은 활성을 보였다. 그러나 SBA-15에 담지된 촉매는 ionic liquid의 표면 기능화 후에 활성이 감소하였다. 이는 ionic liquid와 메탈로센 촉매, 조촉매 MAO가 담지되면 기공의 크기가 크게 줄어들기 때문에 중합 시 에틸렌 모노머와 조촉매가 기공 내 촉매 활성점으로 확산하는데 제한을 받기 때문이다. 또한 실리카 표면의 OH 그룹의 농도 변화에 따른 촉매의 중합 활성에 대한 영향을 연구하였다. 무정형 실리카의 OH 그룹의 농도가 증가할수록 중합 활성도 증가하였으며 실리카에 담지된 촉매의 중합 활성은 ionic liquid 표면처리 후에도 유사한 경향을 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.2633-2636
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• 2011

A new type of ionic liquid based on N-(3-aminepropyl)imidazolium iodide, called IIQAI, which consists of imidazolium and quaternary ammonium salt, and APII-(hydroxyethyl, propyl, hexyl) were synthesized and used as ionic liquid in dye-sensitized solar cells. APII-hexyl is solid, whereas IIQAI, APII-(hydroxyethyl, propyl) are viscous liquids. The synthesized ionic liquid showed relative thermal stability compared to the commercial ionic liquid of DMII. Among them, IIQAI was more stable than the other ionic liquid because of the two salt groups. APII-hydroxyethyl, which contains two hydroxyl groups, showed low viscosity with good flow. New types of ionic liquids were examined by $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). IIQAI enabled a solar energy conversion efficiency of 6.3%, which is slightly higher than that of the referenced (DMII, 6.2%).

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2021

Studies on the side effects of contrast agents are being discussed based on various cases, but studies analyzing the chemical structure of the underlying contrast agents are difficult to understand as the manufacturers have not disclosed them. Therefore, in this study, the chemical structure of the contrast medium was analyzed using ¹H-NMR spectrometer for Omnipaque contrast medium prepared from Iohexol, which is a nonionic iodide contrast medium, Xenetix contrast medium from Iobitridol, and Iomeron contrast medium from Iomeprol. As a result, it was found that the Omnipaque contrast medium of Iohexol had 6 carboxyl groups, 3 carbonyl groups, 4 amine groups, 1 methyl group, and 2 cyano groups. It was found that the Xenetix contrast medium of the iobitridol formulation had 6 carboxyl groups, 3 carbonyl groups, 2 amine groups, and 4 cyano groups. It was found that the Iomeron contrast agent of the Iomeprol formulation had 5 carboxyl groups, 3 carbonyl groups, 4 amine groups, 1 methyl group, and 2 cyano groups. As shown in this study, the chemical structure of the non-ionic monomer contrast agent increases its affinity with water by binding a number of hydroxyl groups (OH) to the carboxyl group. It is necessary to accurately identify each of these factors and analyze the physical and chemical changes of the contrast medium according to various environmental factors.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.282-285
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• 2009

This study presents preparation and characterization of composite membranes based on ionic liquids. The ionic liquids act as water in sulfonated membranes. On the behalf of ionic conduction through ionic liquid inside the membranes, non-aqueous membranes showed Arrenhius dependence on temperature with no external humidification. It was implied that hopping mechanism of proton was dominant in the ionic liquid based membranes. In addition, small angle X-ray (SAXS) studies provided the information on morphology of ionic clusters formed by the interaction between sulfonic acid groups of the polymers and ionic liquids. The SAXS spectra showed matrix peaks, ionomer peaks and Prodo's law for Nafion based composite membranes and only matrix peaks for hydrocarbon based ones. However, ionic conductivity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed the clear formation of ionic clusters of the hydrocarbon based composite membranes. It implies for ionic liquid based high temperature membranes that it is important to use sulfonated polymers as solid matrix of ionic liquid which can form clear ionic clusters in SAXS spectra.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.254-254
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• 2010

We report aqueous synthesis of cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots(QDs) using imidazolium-based ionic liquids with various functional groups. The functinalized ionic liquids were designed to have thiol groups, and then phase transfer with aqueous or organic solvents can be adjusted by changing side chain lengths of the cation and the choice of anion. The quantum yield was obtained IL-functionalized CdTe QDs reached up to 40% by post-treatment method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2013

A highly reliable dealkylation protocol of alkyl aryl ethers, whose alkyl groups are longer than methyl group, has been developed. We report that various ethyl, n-propyl, and benzyl aryl ethers are successfully cleaved using an ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [bmim][Br], under microwave irradiation. Despite many characteristics such as lower cost and less toxicity of the alkylating agents, and greater hydrophobicity of the products, longer alkyl ethers have been significantly less exploited than methyl ethers, probably due to more difficulty in the deprotection step. Since it has the same advantages as the demethylation method developed by this group including mild conditions, short reaction time, and small use of the ionic liquids, the dealkylation protocol can greatly encourage the broader use of longer alkyl groups in the protection of phenolic groups. As with our previous study of demethylation using [bmim][Br], the microwave irradiation is crucial for the deprotection of longer alkyl aryl ethers. Unlike the conventional heating, which causes either low conversion or decomposition, the microwave irradiation seems to more effectively provide energy to cleave the ether bonds and therefore suppresses the undesired reactions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2006

Ionic liquids are alternative reaction media of increasing interest and are regarded as an eco-friendly alternatives, of potential use in place of the volatile organic solvents typically used in current chemical processing methods. They are emerging as the smart and excellent solvents, which are made of positive and negative ions that they are liquids near room temperature. The nucleophilic substitution reaction is one of the important method for inserting functional groups into a carbon skeleton. Many nucleophilic substitution reactions have been found with enhanced reactivity and selectivity in ionic liquid. In this review, some recent interesting results of nucleophilic substitution reactions such as hydroxylations, ether cleavages, carbon-X (X= carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine) bond forming reactions, and ring opening of epoxides in ionic liquids are discussed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제7권
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• pp.59-65
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• 1966

The ionic character of antibiotics and suitable pH values for their extraction can simultaneously be determined by pH-chromatography. The authors utilized the analytical procedure in determining the ionic character of several antibiotics, followed by microbiological Rf determination. The folowing conclusions were made: (1) Antibiotics analyzed can be devided into four groups according to their ionic chracter, that is acidic, basic, neutral, and amphoteric compounds. (2) Penicillin and aureomycin are proved to be acidic, streptomycin to be basic, polymyxin-B to be neutral, and finally both chloromycetin and erythromycin to be amphoteric. The results on their ionic character with regard to their molecular structure were briefly discussed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.689-700
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• 2019

The adsorption and leaching characteristics of five ionic pesticides including four acidic pesticides (2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, and MCPP) and one amphoteric pesticide (imazaquin) in agricultural soils were investigated. Soils around spring waters that were heavily affected by pesticide run-off and soils around wells considering the regional characteristics in Jeju Island were collected at 24 stations. The Freundlich constant, $K_F$ value, which is a measure of the adsorption capacity, decreased in the order of 2,4-D > MCPA > MCPP > dicamba > imazaquin. The adsorption capacity of these ionic pesticides decreased with increasing pH owing to the effects of ionization of pesticides and different ionizable functional groups of soils. The leaching of ionic pesticides in the soil column showed a reverse relationship with their adsorption in soils, namely, the ionic pesticides were leached more quickly for the pesticides with lower adsorption capacity. The groundwater contamination potential of the ionic pesticides was evaluated in the order of imazaquin > MCPA > MCPP > dicamba > 2.4-D according to the groundwater ubiquity score based on soil Koc and the half-life of the pesticide.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 이온화식 작성에 대한 중학생들의 이해 정도를 알아보는 것이다. 서울시 소재 중학교 한 곳에 재학중인 3학년 학생 219명이 연구에 참여하였다. 6차시에 걸친 ‘전해질과 이온’ 단원의 수업이 끝난 후, 이온화합물의 이온화 과정을 이온화식으로 표현하도록 구성한 서술형 검사를 실시하였다. 검사 결과를 분석하여 이온화합물의 구성 특성에 따라 이온화식 서술에 대한 정답률을 파악하였으며, 이온화식 표현과 관련된 지식상태를 토대로 이온화식 표현의 위계 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이온화합물을 구성하는 양이온과 음이온의 종류, 전하량과 구성 개수를 바탕으로 이온화합물들을 여섯 집단으로 분류하고 집단의 특성에 따라 학생 응답을 분석한 결과 정답률에 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 지식 상태 분석 결과 이온화합물을 구성하는 양이온과 음이온의 종류와 전하량, 구성 개수를 알아내어 이온화 과정을 식으로 표현하는 지식상태가 구조화되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 이온화식 학습 전략의 설계를 위한 시사점을 제안하였다.