• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 1997

컴퓨터 환경 및 교육 환경의 변화에 따라서 하이퍼미디어 교육용 소프트웨어의 필요성이 증대되고 있으나, 대부분의 제작도구가 다양한 기능을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 하이퍼미디어 프로그램 지원 지능이 부족하거나 사용법이 불편하다. 또, 제작된 프로그램에서의 새로운 노드의 생성 및 데이터의 추가는 불가능하여, 교수-학습 과정에서 발생하는 각종 학습 자료 및 정보를 누적할 수 없다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 간편하게 하이퍼미디어 교육 자료를 제작하여 교수-학습에 활용할 수 있는 하이퍼미디어 자료 편집기의 모델을 제시하고자 하였다. CAI와 관련된 교수 학습 이론과 하이퍼텍스트 및 하이퍼미디어 관련 이론을 고찰하고, 국내 외의 제작도구의 특징을 분석하여, 편집 모드와 실행 모드가 함께 제공되는 하이퍼미디어 자료편집기를 설계 구현하였다. 본 자료편집기는 자료제시형의 교육용 소프트웨어를 제작 할 수 있도록 설계되었으므로 학생들의 조사 학습을 위한 데이터베이스 구축에 사용될 수 있으며, 사회과 등에서의 활발한 사용이 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary sugar intake, particularly added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages, has received worldwide attention recently. Investigation of dietary behaviors may facilitate understanding of dietary sugar intakes of children and adolescents. However, the relationship between dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in the Korean population has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to estimate dietary sugar intake and food sources according to sex as well as examine the relationship of dietary sugar intake with frequent snacking and dietary patterns among Korean children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We pooled data from five studies involving Korean children and adolescents conducted from 2002 to 2011. A total of 2,599 subjects aged 9-14 years were included in this study. Each subject completed more than 3 days of dietary records. RESULTS: Mean daily total sugar intake was 46.6 g for boys and 54.3 g for girls. Compared with boys, girls showed higher sugar intakes from fruits (7.5 g for boys and 8.8 g for girls; P = 0.0081) and processed foods (27.9 g for boys and 34.9 g for girls; P < 0.0001). On average, 95.4% of boys and 98.8% of girls consumed snacks during the study period, and total sugar intake showed a significantly increasing trend with increasing energy intake from snacks (P < 0.0001 for both sexes). Two dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis: Traditional and Westernized patterns. Total sugar intake was higher in the Westernized pattern (56.2 g for boys and 57.2 g for girls) than in the Traditional pattern (46.5 g for boys and 46.3 g for girls). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that multilateral and practical development of a nutrition education and intervention program that considers dietary behaviors as well as absolute sugar intake is required to prevent excessive sugar intake in Korean children and adolescents.

• 복식
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• 제10권
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• pp.5-16
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• 1986

This dissertation is a study of the costume of the Yi dynasty by means of an investigation of the Ka-rae-do-gam-Eui-gue Do(嘉禮都監儀軌圖: a collection of paintings of the royal wedding ceremonies and processions issued by the royal court) and the Jung-ri Eui-gue Do(整理儀軌圖: a collection of a series of paintings showing the whole process of the royal courtesies and ceremonies on the occasion of the king's visit to Hyun-yoong Won in Hwa-sung in 1975年). The Yi dynasty period is roughly divided into two parts. The first period extends from 1392, in which the reign of the dynasty started, to 1600, when Imjin Waeran(the Japanese Invasion of Korea) ended; the second period lasts from 1600 to the last day of the dynasty in 1910. Of the "Eui-gue Do"(儀軌圖: paintings of the royal ceremonies) which were made in the first period of the dynasty, there is no extant example, the reference to which is found only in records. However, the examples of the "Eui-gue Do" belonging to the second period remain abundant in number, together with the detailed accounts about them. The followings are the conclusions deduced from this study, which tries to illuminate the pictorial characteristics as well as the traits of costume manifested in the above-mentioned two groups of paintings. Most of the costume seen in the Ka-rae-do-gam Eui-gue and the Jung-ri Eui-gue were not clad in accordance with the wearer's individual desire or taste, but in strict conformity with the norm and sense of order in the society based on the Cosfucian political and ethical principles.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2017

고문헌에 기록된 산지 정보를 바탕으로 현지조사를 실시하고, 조사결과를 바탕으로 강원도, 경상도 지역 등에서 총 6개의 시료를 확보하였다. 확보된 시료를 대상으로 수비를 통해 백토안료를 제조하고, 물성 및 기능성 평가를 실시하였다. 백토안료의 주요 구성광물을 분석한 결과, YBW, HBW, MCW는 석영, 장석 등으로 이루어져 있으며, SGW, HOW, HGW는 카올리나이트, 일라이트 등의 점토광물이 주 구성광물을 이루는 것으로 확인되었다. 백토안료 HGW는 색도에서 가장 높은 92.9의 $L^*$값을 보였고, HOW와 HGW는 각각 94.1%, 89.6%의 높은 은폐율을 나타냈으며, 270.3 mm와 223.3 mm의 우수한 발림성을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 전체적으로 카올리나이트, 일라이트 등이 주요 구성광물을 이루는 HGW, HOW, SGW의 경우, 색도, 은폐력, 발림성 등에서 우수한 특성을 보였으며, 단청용 백색안료로서 활용가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2003

In the year 2000 we culminated a successful five year investigation of climate change by completing a preliminary east-west transect across Mongolia. An earlier tree-ring study at Tarvagatay Pass, Mongolia indicated unusual warming during the 20th century similar to other paleo-investigations of the northern hemisphere. This record had represented one of the few tree-ring records for central Asia. New data from several sites in western Mongolia confirmed the preliminary temperature. The highest twenty-year growth period for the composite record is from 1973-1994. The western Mongolian record was significantly correlated with the Taimyr Peninsula and two northern hemisphere temperature reconstructions reflecting large-scale temperature patterns while showing some important regional differences. These differences should prove useful for climate models. We have also developed a millennial length temperature-sensitive record at the Solongotyin Davaa site (formerly Tarvagatay Pass) using relict wood and living trees. Conspicuous features over the last 1000 years are a century scale temperature decline punctuated by the end of the Little Ice Age in the late-1800s and 20th century warming. The record also shows a cold period early in the 12th century and warm intervals late in the 10th, early in the 15th and at end of the 18th centuries. Despite a limited sample size before 900 AD, the long Solongotyin Davaa record is useful in indicating severe cold events and suggests some cold intervals nearly as severe. These tree ring series, spanning much of the circumpolar northern treeline, have been compiled to create a long-term reconstruction of the Earth's temperature over centuries. The new chronology, in addition to its value as a detailed record of Mongolian climate, provides independent corroboration for such hemispheric and global reconstructions and their indications of unusual warming during the 20th century.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6905-6910
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• 2014

Background: The relation ofsurvivin gene expression to survival and surgical prognostic factors in the patients with endometrial carcinoma is unclear. Materials and Methods: In this study, 62 cases who were operated due to endometrial carcinoma were investigated between 2003 and 2011 in the the gynecological oncology clinic of Female Disease Training and Investigation Hospital of Etlik Zubeyde, Hanim, Turkey. Clinical and surgical prognostic factors were investigated by screening the records of these cases. With the standard streptavidin-biotin immune peroxidase method, cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of survivin was investigated in sections with specific antibodies (1:100, diagnostic Bio Systems, USA) primer. The aim was to elucidate any relation between survivin expression and defined prognostic factors and survival. Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between cytoplasmic and nuclear indexes identified for survivin and age, body mass index, the levels of preoperative hemoglobin, platelet and Ca 125, stage, grade, lymph node meastasis, the number of meta statical lymph nodes (total, paraaortic and pelvic), myometrial invasion, serosal invasion, adnexal involvement, the presence of acid in the first diagnosis, the involvement of omentum, the adjuvant treatment application of the cases, the presence of recurrence and rate of mortality (p>0.05). Statistical significance was noted for the presence of advanced stage lymph node metastasis (pelvic, paraaortic, pelvic and paraaortic), serosal involvement, positive cytology, lymph vascular space invasion, intra abdominal metastasis, and omentum involvement. When investigated the relation between cytoplasmic and nuclear survivin indexes and total survival, the result was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: In our study, there was no statistically significant relationship between the rates of cytoplasmic and nuclear survivin expression with identified prognostic factors and total or non-disease survival.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2003

The build-up of the heat field in shallow coastal water due to a point source has been investigated using an analytical solution of a time-integral form derived by extending the solutions by Holley(1969) and also presented in Harleman (1971). The uniform water depth is assumed with non-isotropic turbulent dispersion. The alongshore-flow is assumed to be uni-directional, spatially uniform and oscillatory. Due to the presence of the oscillatory alongshore-flow, the heat build-up occurs in an oscillatory manner, and the excess temperature thereby fluctuates in that course and even in the quasi-steady state. A series of calculations reveal that proper choices of the decay coefficient as well as dispersion coefficients are critical to the reliable prediction of the excess temperature field. The dispersion coefficients determine the absolute values of the excess temperature and characterize the shoreline profile, particularly within the tidal excursion distance, while the decay coefficient determines the absolute value of the excess temperature and the convergence rate to that of the quasi-steady state. Within the e-folding time scale $1/k_d$ (where $k_d$ is the heat decay coefficient), heat build-up occurs more than 90% of the quasi-steady state values in a region within a tidal excursion distance (L), while occurs increasingly less the farther we go to the downstream direction (about 80% at 1.25L, and 70% at 1.5L). Calculations with onshore and offshore discharges indicate that thermal spreading in the direction of the shoreline is reduced as the shoreline constraint which controls the lateral mixing is reduced. The importance of collecting long-term records of in situ meteorological conditions and clarifying the definition of the heat loss coefficient is addressed. Interactive use of analytical and numerical modeling is recommended as a desirable way to obtain a reliable estimate of the far-field excess temperature along with extensive field measurements.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

Background : The purpose of inner cannula is to protect the upper air way and permit air to pass freely, in addition, to provide endotracheal suction, artificial respiration and to maintain adequate oxygen saturation. The tube needs to be sterilized for maintenance and cleanness of air way and for prevention of bronchospasm. However, it has been reported that there is no guideline for sterilization and many hospitals conduct their own sterilization methods, for example, once a day(13's general hospital), three times a day(The Catholic University of Korea ST Mary's hospital) or even no cleansing. Consequently, the QI team of our hospital suggested the SOP(standard operating procedure) of sterilization and evaluate cost and time effect in nursing. Method : 1) Benchmarking of 13's neurosurgery department of general hospital in Seoul 2) Investigation of test records of sputum culture from patients with intubation for tracheotomy 3) Check of results of O2 Sat. monitoring to confirm of maintaining opened air way Result : 1) Improvement of process: decrease of excess sterilization of inner cannula (from 3 times a day to once a day) 2) Cost effects: saving over 10 million won per one year 3) Providing better nursing: time effects (30 min a day) permit to conduct more nursing activities Conclusion : It can get Cost and time effects in nursing with improved sterilization method of inner cannula. It needs to do research on improvement of the monthly exchange protocol of outer cannula and provide supporting data for the proper exchange schedule. The result of additional microorganism detection from patients with new process needs to be evaluated further more.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2015

Purpose: Delayed, traumatic, intraparenchymal hemorrhage (DTIPH) is a well-known contributing factor to secondary brain damage that evokes severe brain edema and intracranial hypertension. Once it has occurred, it adversely affects the patient's outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis factors for DTIPH by comparing clinical, radiological and hematologic results between two groups of patients according to whether surgical treatment was given or not. Methods: The author investigated 26 patients who suffered DTIPH during the recent consecutive five-year period. The 26 patients were divided according to their having undergone either a decompressive craniectomy (n=20) or continuous conservative treatment (n=6). A retrospective investigation was done by reviewing their admission records and radiological findings. Results: This incidence of DTIPH was 6.6% among the total number of patients admitted with head injuries. The clinical outcome of DTIPH was favorable in 9 of the 26 patients (34.6%) whereas it was unfavorable in 17 patients (65.4%). The patients with coagulopathy had an unexceptionally high rate of mortality. Among the variables, whether the patient had undergone a decompressive craniectomy, the patient's preoperative clinical status, and the degree of midline shift had significant correlations with the ultimate outcome. Conclusion: In patients with DTIPH, proper evaluation of preoperative clinical grading and radiological findings can hamper deleterious secondary events because it can lead to a swift and proper decompressive craniectomy to reduce the intracranial pressure. Surgical decompression should be carefully selected, paying attention to the patient's accompanying injury and hematology results, especially thrombocytopenia, in order to improve the patient's neurologic outcomes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4577-4581
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• 2015

Background: To explore the hospitalizations of breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy, and to provide a basis for management, clinical prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: We conducted an investigation by means of the retrospective survey and the medical records retrieval system, and made out the data of patients suffered from breast cancer in a hospital in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2013, including age, medical payment methods, pathological type, treatment, treatment results, complications, hospitalization days, cost and so on. Results: The average age of the inpatients was 50.14 years old. The main histologic types were infiltrating duct carcinoma (88.06%). The main surgery was modified radical mastectomy (80.41%). The cure rate was 90.80% during the 10 years. The main medical payment method was self-paying (57.28%). The average hospital stay was 13.51 days, and average hospitalization cost was RMB 23,083.66 yuan, proportion of drug fees up to 39.70%. Postoperative complication rate was 0.79%. The self-paying group was with the highest proportion of drug fees (P<0.05), while the free medical service group was with the longest hospitalization days (P<0.05). Conclusions: The payment methods significantly affected the proportion of drug fees and hospitalization days. The therapeutic effect was satisfactory with less complications and reasonable proportion of drug fees in our hospital.