• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2021

The distribution pattern of species richness was determined by temperature. To examine the relationship between hemipteran richness and temperature, hemipteran species were collected using pitfall traps at six different oak forest sites with different annual mean temperatures in South Korea. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with mean annual temperature (MAT) and plant richness to evaluate differences in hemipteran richness. The influences of MAT and plant richness of study sites on hemipteran richness were examined by comparing three models (plant richness+MAT+MAT², plant richness+MAT, and MAT) or two models (plant richness+MAT and MAT). Hemipteran richness showed an inverse diversity pattern as a function of temperature, with higher species richness at lower temperature sites. Meanwhile, Aphididae showed a bell-shaped diversity pattern with the highest value at low medium temperatures. The regression analysis showed that hemipteran richness was affected by temperature and plant richness in their habitats.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.1C
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• pp.72-80
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• 2009

Look-up table based inverse halftoning from the digital color halftone image is proposed in this paper, which uses vector adaptive filter for the nonexisting patterns in the table. Halftone image is obtained from a continuous -tone image, which can be restored into continuous one from the digital binary image by way of inverse halftoning method. Look-up table based method usually processes fast and has even performances over the various halftoning. The numbers of pixels in the pattern of table and the method how to define the table elements for each R, G, B channels can effect largely for its performance. The proposed method uses 16 pixels in the table considering the diversity of the expressions from their patterns and with memory size as well. This also proposed how to combine R, G, B channels into one. Experimental results showed the better performance in the expression of colors, better color restoration and the short processing time compared with the conventional ones.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the effective conservation and management in the black pine(Pinus thunbergii) stand which is located in the eastern coast of Gyeongsangbuk-do where the fragmentation of vegetation has been caused by the exploitation and the increase of tourists, and installed the seventy study sites($20{\times}20m$) in the dominant black pine stand. The black pine stand was classified into three groups(P. thunbergii - P. densiflora community, P. thunbergii - Robinia pseudoacacia community, P. thunbergii - P. densiflora-Celtis sinensis community) by a cluster analysis. As a result of Multi-Response Permutation Procedures test, there is significance among the communities. Pinus densiflora, Callicarpa japonica, Juniperus rigida, Rhododendron yedoense for. poukhanense etc. nineteen species were significant by indicator species analysis. The population structure of black pine stand showed that the class of diameter 12 to 26 cm was dominance, which had the inverse hump-shape pattern. Species diversity index(H') of investigated ranged from $1.033{\pm}0.234$ to $1.629{\pm}0.226$ in the woody layer group and from $2.448{\pm}0.457$ to $2.545{\pm}0.318$ $2.174{\pm}0.333$ in the herb layer group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.81-95
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• 2012

This study was intended for Fagus engleriana stand in Is. Ulleung where the disturbance of vegetation has been caused by the exploitation and the increase of tourists. For the effective conservation and management on this issue, this study was conducted provide basic data. The sixteen study sites ($20{\times}20m$) were installed in the dominant Fagus engleriana stand and the base environment and vegetation were investigated. The Fagus engleriana stand was classified into two groups, The Fagus engleriana stand was classified into two groups, community A is Fagus engleriana-Sorbus amurensis and community B is Fagus engleriana-Acer pictum subsp. Mono by cluster analysis and community A were nothing signigicant by indicator species analysis. Community B were Eight species (Tsuga sieboldii, Camellia japonica, Dystaenia takesimana ect.) significant by indicator species analysis. The diameter class of 16cm to 25cm was 53.7% in population structure of Fagus engleriana, which was the highest and showed inverse J-distribution. Species diversity index (H') of investigated woody layer group ranged from 0.99 to 2.05 and that of under layer group ranged from 1.75~2.59. According to Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) analysis, the woody layer was divided into community A developed in the region having relatively high sand content at high altitudes and community B formed at the place having relatively high clay content at low altitudes. Then this classification was significant through Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) analysis. The distribution of understory vegetation through Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was induced by the silt content and cover degree of vegetation layer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2022

On April 29, 2021 (1st), June 2 (2nd), and August 17 (3rd), we surveyed benthic macroinvertebrates fauna at Muljangori-oreum wetland in Bonggae-dong, Jeju Island, Korea. Muljangori-oreum wetland was divided into four areas. The survey was conducted in three accessible areas (areas 1-3). As a result of habitat environment analysis, the average monthly temperature from 2017 to 2021 was the highest in July and August and the lowest in December and February. This pattern was repeated. As a result of analyzing changes in vegetation and water surface area through satellite images, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increased from February to July and decreased after July. Normalized difference water index (NDWI) was analyzed to show an inverse relationship. A total of 21 species from 13 families were identified in the qualitative survey and a total of 412 individuals of 24 species from 15 families were identified in the quantitative survey. A total of 26 species from 17 families, 8 orders, 3 classes, and 2 phyla of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The dominant species was Chronomidae spp. with 132 individuals (32.04%). Noterus japonicus was a subdominant species with 71 individuals (17.23%). As a result of comparative analysis of species identified in this study and the literature, it was confirmed that species diversity was high for Coleoptera and Odonata. Main functional feeding groups (FFGs) were found to be predators. Habitat orientation groups (HOGs) were found to be swimmers. In OHC (Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera) group, 17 species (73.91%) in 2021, 23 species (79.31%) in 2016, 26 species (86.67%) in 2018, and 19 species (79.17%) in 2019 were identified. Cybister japonicus, an endangered species II, was confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in the literature. Ten individuals (2.43%) were also confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in 2021. Therefore, continuous management and habitat protection are required to maintain the habitat environment of C. japonicus in Muljangori-oreum wetland.