• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.71-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest sustainable management of rooftop greening areas. This research is conducted to analyze birth-and-breeding state of planted plants set in extensive rooftop greening, and to examine occurrence aspect of invasive plants and its changes, some features of invasive plants on which can make a basic material for management program of planted plants as a whole. The experimental site is on the rooftop green area of Seoul Women's University which was constructed in 2007. The using method was monitoring rooftop greening areas and analyzing occurrence aspect of invasive plants and its changes by planted plants. Invasive plants were investigated six times overall in April, June, September, November of 2008, and April & June of 2009. As a result, 26 families and 66 species were found invaded. Of which 14 species of Gramineae were invaded the most remarkably. Through these study, it could be inferred some features of invasive plants and major region for it. After the analysis get done about feature of invasive plants, it shows that some invasive plants of all 66 species in total came out, otherwise occurred in a certain time of season. Within the researches eriod showed a higher incidence was found in Artemisia princeps, Conyza canadensis, Coreopsis anceolata, Equisetum arvense, Erigeron annuus, Oxalis corniculata, invasive plant have a lower incidence of plants were identified as Aster koraiensis, Dendranthema zawadsbum. So, when the plan to set a management device regarding occurrence aspect of invasive plants in accordance with planted plants on extensive rooftop greening, it was found that a sustainable & rational management device is desperately needed there for invasive & planted plants of the target area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2004

In order to study changes in vegetation pursuant to rooftop revegetation plantation methods, plantation methods for rooftop revegetation were divided into two types through an analysis of recent trends. Then, Planted plants and invasive plants on sites where the planting methods were introduced were monitored. Planting methods were divided into mono-layer meadow cover type and multi-layer planting cover type. They showed some differences in terms of the availability of wetland, the structure of vegetation layers, the planted species, and the material of mulching. According to the results of monitoring the two sample sites for different plantation methods, the number of invasive plants was higher in multi-layer planting cover type and the ratio of naturalized plants was higher by 30% in average in mono-layer meadow cover type. The main reason for such a result is that the natural soil used in the multi-layer planting cover type likely contained some seeds. Moreover, it's harder for invasive plant seeds to germinate in volcanic rocks than in natural soil. Also, it is attributable to wetlands available in multi-layer planting cover type and diverse living environments created by multi-layer planting. The reason of the ratio of naturalized plants being higher by at least 10% in mono-layer meadow cover type is the character of naturalized plants being stronger in unfavorable conditions than nature plants are. Accordingly, the germination rate in the volcanic rock mulching has likely contributed in raising the introduction and germination of naturalized plants. The results showed that multi-layer planting cover type using wetland creation and nature soil can increase the number of invasive plants and lower the ratio of naturalized plants. However, since seeds contained in the natural soil can affect the growth of planted plants, this needs to be clarified, It was judged that mono-layer meadow cover type may affect more greatly on the germination and growth of invasive plants than on those of planted plants, Its potential adoption in highly urbanized areas was examined. By complementing with the mutual benefits of each plantation method, it appeared possible to shift to a rooftop revegetation system suitable to the site.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.488-496
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• 2018

This study examined the Gangwon Province's current implementation of its elimination of invasive plants and explored a plan to effectively manage invasive plants. The percentage of the distribution of the plants was 39.6% for riverside areas, 23.3% for roadside areas, 12.4% for roadside & riverside areas, and 4.6% for areas around farm land and river banks. To ensure the systematic management of invasive plants, the current study suggests a) developing an invasive plants monitoring and management system; b) reinvigorating the participation of residents, private organizations, and military posts; c) planting of native replacement plants and the conversion of the locations as attractions, and d) nurturing the project for using invasive plants. For policy directions to be pursued based on the results of the study, the following are suggested: a) improving laws and systems regarding invasive plants, b) developing a cooperative system for managing invasive plants, c) implementing the training of civilian professionals, d) implementing the elimination of invasive plants, e) developing replacement plants for cities and counties, f) fostering industries that tap into invasive plants, and g) using the Han River Water System Management Fund for funding and greater efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

This study was carried out for management of the invasive alien plants in Mt. Inwang located in central Seoul. The invasive alien plants are 11 families, 34 genera, 30 taxa, and they are 10.8% of the total vascular plants(314 taxa). The ecosystem disturbed plants designated by the Korea environment ministry are 6 taxa : Rumex acetosella, Lactuca scariola, Ambrosia trifida var. trifida, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Eupatorium rugosum. In the life-form, herbaceous perennials are 13 taxa(35.3%). In the continent of origin, the species from America are 20 taxa(58.8%). In the introduction time, the species of third period are 14 taxa(41.2%). In the diffusion grade, 5 grade species are 14 taxa(41.2%) and they are wide spread species. Mt. Inwang was designated as ecological scenery conservation area of Seoul in 2007. But Mt. Inwang is in high danger by the spread of invasive alien plants and ecosystem disturbed plants, due to artificial factors such as development pressure and the occurrence of byway trail. Therefore, Mt. Inwang needs systematic management of invasive alien plants and monitoring of long-term changes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2019

Invasive alien plants were identified and recorded in Ulsan city based on field surveys and related literatures. These plants consisted of 147 taxa in total, belonging to 30 families, 93 genera, 144 species, 2 subspecies and 1 variant. The family of Asteraceae was predominant with 42 taxa, followed by Gramineae with 27 taxa and Leguminosae with 15 taxa. According to the result of life-form based distribution analysis revealed that 62 taxa (42.2%) were annual plants, 48 taxa (33.6%) were perennial plants, 34 taxa (23.1%) were biennial plants, and 3 taxa (2%) were woody perennials. Compare to other administrative districts in Korea, prevalence of invasive alien plants in a certain city of Ulsan showed the seventh highest species number followed after Jeju, Gyeonggi, Jeonnam, Incheon, Seoul and Gangwon. On the basis of the results from the country origin analysis, two dominating taxa were introduced from Europe and America, 55 taxa and 51 taxa respectively. The spreading grade of alien plants was elucidated in order of 1 grade (PS) 67 grade (21.1%)>2 grade (MS) 31 taxa (21.1%)>5 grade (WS) 18 taxa (11.6%)>3 grade (CS) 17 taxa (11.6%)>4 grade (SS) 14 taxa (9.5%). Ulsan city is one of a pivotal conduit for the introduction of invasive alien plants. Thereby, reliable management plans are required to monitor these species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop an environmental index for assessing the vulnerability of areas with invasive alien plants. To that end, "Regional Vulnerability Numerical Index" (RVNI) was developed with a spatial statistical technique and applied to Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area first. The results are as follows. First, RVNI was high in stream areas. Second, RVNI was lowest in mountain areas. It indicates that stream areas are vulnerable to invasive alien plants. In terms of regions, Guri City is most vulnerable and Gapyeong-gun is the least vulnerable. To expand and manage the invasive alien plants, a control protocol should be developed by considering the physiology and ecology by invasive alien plant. Also, related policies should be pursued based on the results. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as baseline data for setting policies for invasive alien species management.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.223-248
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• 2021

We conducted a taxonomic study and agricultural environmental risk assessments of 41 putative invasive alien plants designated by the Ministry of Environment in 2016. In order to achieve the goal, we carried out the field survey four times including the United States, Australia, and Mexico, and investigated specimens, literature, and other information including seed morphology, classification key, and habitat conditions. In this study, we reported the taxonomic characters, ecological risk, and weed risk assessment of 41 putative invasive alien plants, and suggested significant information about 11 species to contribute to establish solutions of regulation management for putative invasive alien plants - Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. (Araceae), Sagittaria graminea Michx. (Alismataceae), Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St. John, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L., Stratiotes aloides L. (Hydrocharitaceae), Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth, Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae), Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. (Haloragaceae), Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae), and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (Apiaceae).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.114-124
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• 2003

The management methods of rooftop greening must be get ready without delay, Because rooftop greening has been generalized owing to the supporting project of The Seoul Metropolitan Government. Because most of the rooftop greening system is a recently-constructed low-management type, management methods should be made to suit it. This study is intended to set up a program for low-management rooftop greening based on "Choroktteul", the low management type of rooftop peening on the roof of one of the buildings in Seoul City Hall. Through monitoring, we found that most of the planted plants grew well but a few species needed physical management. We also found that invasive species(62 sp.) were 1.5 times as many as the planted plants. Most of the invasive plants were exotic species that need to be managed. The physical management methods were "pulling up" and "cutting". These methods should be carried out according to the growth stage. It was judged that a biological-ecological management program should be prepared through the long-period of monitoring and experiment. System methods such as guidelines of management program through monitoring was also required due to the emphasis on public ownership among the managers of the invasive species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.392-403
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• 2020

This study analyzed the distribution characteristics of invasive alien plants on the islands of the Korean Peninsula. Ten species, Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus, Eupatorium rugosum, Hypochaeris radicata, Lactuca scariola, and Paspalum distichum were present on 68 islands. These ecosystem-disturbing invasive alien plants appeared extensively on the islands of Gyeonggi province and Jeollanam province. The proportion of the plants on the inhabited islands (41 places, 2.15 species on average) was higher than that on the uninhabited islands (27 places, 1.07 species on average). This means that the distribution of invasive alien plants was closely related to human activity. The distribution of Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior(32 islands) and Rumex acetosella (31 islands) was the widest, and there were distinct distribution differences according to species. In the island area, the physical environment is poor compared to the mainland, and the native space is limited. Therefore, when invasive alien species enter and settle on the island, the native island plants can be damaged more than those on the mainland. In this regard, the discussion of the distribution of invasive alien plants in the island region can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the region.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.616-632
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• 2021

We performed taxonomic reviews and habitat circumstances survey for 41 un-introduced environmentally harmful plants (as designated by the Ministry of Environment, Korea in 2016). And we investigated plant specimens from several herbaria and performed a field survey in the southeastern region of the United States. Based on the result, we presented the most comprehensive results of weed risk evaluation and taxonomic description up to now as well as classification keys for 11 species to apply the regulation management of putative invasive alien species - Senecio madagascariensis Poir., Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae), Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray (Cucurbitaceae), Salvinia minima Baker (Salviniaceae), Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Asclepiadaceae), Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce (Asparagaceae), Alternanthera pungens Kunth (Amaranthaceae), Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Thell., and Lycium ferocissimum Miers (Solanaceae).