• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2015

Purpose: To compare the clinicopathological data and long-term survival of gastric cancer patients in China and Korea. Materials and Methods: Patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 1998 and 2009 in 2 high-volume institutions in both China (n=1,637) and Korea (n=2,231) were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathological variables, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and surgery-related complications were assessed for all patients and compared between the 2 institutions. Results: Chinese patients included in the study were significantly older and had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than the Korean patients. Esophagogastric junction tumors were more frequent in Chinese patients. However, the number of patients with stage I gastric cancer, the number of harvested lymph nodes, and the number of total gastrectomies were significantly higher in the Korean population. Korean patients also presented with fewer undifferentiated tumors than Chinese patients. Furthermore, Korean patients had prolonged OS and PFS for stage III cancers only. BMI, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor invasion, number of positive lymph nodes, and distant metastases were all independent factors affecting OS and PFS. Conclusions: Although China and Korea are neighboring Asian countries, the clinicopathological characteristics of Chinese patients are significantly different from those of Korean patients. Korean gastric cancer patients had longer OS and PFS than Chinese patients. Influencing factors included TNM stage, tumor invasion, and lymph node metastasis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.764-768
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• 2006

Purpose: Parotid neoplasia are relatively frequent, representing approximately 3% of all tumors in the head and neck regions. But incomplete resection and misdiagnosis of parotid gland is followed by multiple tumor invasion, tumor recurrence, and other iatrogenic tumor formation. In patients undergoing parotidectomy for confirmed or suspected malignancy, the traditional or modified rhytidectomy incision may prove suboptimal because it does not easily lend itself to a continuous neck dissection. Similarly, patients with tumors of the anterior accessory lobe or patients with large anterior tumors may also require the modified Blair incision for adequate surgical exposure. This report serves to revisit the topic of accessory and parotid gland neoplasms to emphasize proper management, particularly the surgical aspects, so that consequences of recurrence are avoided. Methods: This is a retrospective review of our experience with two cases of parotid tumors; one accessory parotid gland neoplasm and one parotid gland neoplasm. We report the case of parotid tumor and epidermal cyst in a 54-year old male patient and the case of case of recurrent parotid tumor with local invasion in 30-year old male patient. Results: All were removed through a modified Blair incision. Pathologic report notified that One was found pleomorphic adenoma and epidermal cyst, and the other one pleomorphic adenoma with subcutenous invasion. The patients recovered well without any complication such as infection, hematoma, facial nerve palsy, and necrosis of skin flap. Patients were discharge POD#7. Patients were followed up to for 1 year and they have no sign of recurrence. Conclusions: A high index of suspicion, prudent diagnostic skills(including fine-needle aspiration biopsy, CT, US), and meticulous surgical approach are the keys to a successful management of these lesions. We experienced two cases of parotid neoplasia, in the treatment of tumor reccurence & iatrogenic tumor arising from the parotid gland and are presented with the review of literatures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10451-10456
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• 2015

Background: We defined melanoma distribution in a large series of Turkish patients and evaluated the prognostic parameters of melanomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 1574 patients' data was retrospectively collected at 18 centers in Turkey. Demographic characteristics were questioned and noted. Prognostic parametres were evaluated based on sentinel lymph node involvement. Results: Mean age was 56.7 (4-99) years. While 844 (53.6%) cases were male, 730 (46.4%) cases were female. One thousand four hundred forty-seven (92%) cases were invasive melanoma and 127 (8%) cases were in-situ melanoma. The most common histopathological form was the superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) which was found in 549 patients (37.9%). It was followed by nodular melanoma in 379 (26.2%), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in 191 (13.2%) and lentigo maligna melanoma in 132 (9.1%), respectively. On univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), tumor thickness (p<0.001), histopathological subtype (p<0.001), Clark level (p=0.001), ulceration (p<0.001), ${\geq}6/mm^2$ mitosis (p=0.005), satellite formation (p=0.001) and gender (p=0.03) were found to be associated with sentinel lymph node positivity. Regression was associated with sentinel lymph node negativity (p=0.017). According to multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion and tumor thickness were significant independent predictive factors of SLN positivity. Patient age, tumor localization, precursor lesions, lymphocytic infiltration and neurotropism were not related with sentinel lymph node involvement. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, it was found that the prevalence of SSM is at a lower rate while the prevalence of ALM is at a higher rate when compared to western countries. According to Breslow index; most of the melanoma lesions' thickness were greater than 2 mm, corresponding Clark IV. Vascular invasion and tumor thickness are the most important factors for sentinel lymph node involvement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3773-3777
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to establish a nomogram by combining clinicopathologic factors with overall survival of stage IA-IIB cervical cancer patients after complete resection with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Materials and Methods: This nomogram was based on a retrospective study on 1,563 stage IA-IIB cervical cancer patients who underwent complete resection and lymphadenectomy from 2002 to 2008. The nomogram was constructed based on multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard regression. The accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were measured by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. Results: Multivariate analysis identified lymph node metastasis (LNM), lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), stromal invasion, parametrial invasion, tumor diameter and histology as independent prognostic factors associated with cervical cancer survival. These factors were selected for construction of the nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.77), and calibration of the nomogram showed good agreement between the 5-year predicted survival and the actual observation. Conclusions: We developed a nomogram predicting 5-year overall survival of surgically treated stage IA-IIB cervical cancer patients. More comprehensive information that is provided by this nomogram could provide further insight into personalized therapy selection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.376-381
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• 2006

Background: The Ki-67 protein is a biomarker associated with cell proliferation and a valuable negative prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. We investigated the Ki-67 protein expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer to evaluate the impact on clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative prognosis. Material and Method: Using monoclonal antibody Ki-67, we immunohistochemically examined 38 surgically resected non-small ceil lung cancers to determine Ki-67 Labeling Index (LI). We analysed the differences of clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative recurrence and survival between High Ki-67 Group $(LI{\ge}20%)$ and Low Ki-67 Group (LI<20%). Result: The Ki-67 LIs were heterogenous and a mean values was $20.0{\pm}20.05%$. There were no significant differences in age, sex, smoking, TNM stage, and vascular invasion between High Ki-67 Group and Low Ki-67 Group. A High Ki-67 Group was significantly associated with squamous cell type, poor differentiation, and lymphatic invasion $(p{\le}0.05)$. High Ki-67 Group showed a trend of lower survival (median 47.2 vs. 90.5 months, p=0.312) and lower disease-free survival (median 18.2 vs. 72.3 months, p=0.327) than Low Ki-67 Group. Conclusion: These results indicate that increased Ki-67 protein expression may be a negative prognostic factor and showed a trend of shortened survival and disease-free survival. To evaluate the pivotal role of Ki-67 protein expression, a long-term follow-up and further study are required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.288-296
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• 2004

This study was conducted from March to October 2003 to investigate the distribution status and environmental index of naturalized plants at 14 sites at rivers penetrating the downtown area of Gwangju Metropolitan City. The flora consisted of 309 taxa, 76 families, 211 genera, 273 species, 35 varieties and one form, while the naturalized plants consisted of 46 taxa, 14 families, 36 genera, 44 species and two varieties. The dominant species of Gwangju-cheon were nine taxa. Panicum dichotomiflorum, Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album, Trifolium repens, Veronica persica, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Aster pilosus, Bidens frondosa and Taraxacum offici-nale. The dominant species of Hwangryong River were five taxa: Rumex crispus, Trifolium repens, Oenothera odorata, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior and Erigeron canadensis. At Yeongsan River appeared 16 dominant species: Patspalum distichum, Ckenopodium ficifolium, Lepidium apetalum, Erigeron annuus and Xanthium strumarium in addition to the same dominant species of Gwangju-cheon and Hwangryong River The Urbanization Index (UI) was 17.2% and the Naturalized Index (NI) was 14.9% at urban rivers of Gwangju. The naturalized plants consisted of 16 taxa, which originated in both Europe and North America. Based upon the UI and NI, the urban rivers and their riversides must be considered a major corridor for the invasion of naturalized plants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.189-195
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• 2016

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer subtype with a maximum propensity for regional spread. Our objective was to study if p53 expression might have any correlation with aggressive patterns of invasion within oral tongue cancers as well as with the histologically identified degree of oral tongue dysplasia. p53 immunoexpression was studied using immunohistochemistry in early staged OTSCCs (n=155), oral tongue dysplasias, (n=29) and oral tongue normal specimens (n=10) and evaluated for correlations with histological and clinicopathological parameters. Our study (n=194) showed a pattern of p53 expression increasing with different grades of tongue dysplasia to different grades of invasive OTSCC (p=0.000). Among the OTSCC tumours, positive p53 expression was seen in 43.2% (67/155) and a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased Bryne's grade of the tumour invasive front (p=0.039) and increased tumour depth (p=0.018). Among the OTSCC patients with tobacco habits, (n=91), a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased risk of local recurrence (p=0.025) and with lymphovascular space involvement (p=0.014). Evaluation of p53 through varying degrees of dysplasia to oral tongue cancer indicates that p53 expression is linked to aggressive features of oral tongue cancers and tongue precancers entailing a closer monitoring in positive cases. Among the OTSCCs, p53 expression is associated with tumour aggressiveness correlating with increased grading of invasive tumour front and tumour depth.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was carried out to find the effects of Changchuldoin-tanggamibang (hereinafter referred to CDIT) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mouse. Methods: The experimental mice were divided into four groups: normal group (Nr), control group (CIA-CT), methotrexate group (CIA-MTX), and Changchuldoin-tanggamibang group (CIA-CDIT). Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocytes in draining lymph node and paw joint, and rheumatoid factor (IgG, IgM) in serum were measured in vivo. Results: 1. Cytotoxicity against hFCs was not shown in any concentration. 2. Hepatotoxicity was low in the CDIT-treated group compared with the MTX group. 3. The arthritis index decreased significantly. 4. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was a significant decrease in paw joint. 5. In lymph nodes, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, CD3+/CD49b+, and CD4+/CD44+ cells increased significantly, while B220+/CD23+, and CD11c+/MHCII+ cells decreased significantly. 6. In joints, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD25+, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells decreased significantly. 7. The level of IgG decreased and the level of IgM significantly decreased compared with the control. 8. Anti-collagen II in serum decreased compared with the control. 9. Around the joint of the CDIT group, infiltration of inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, invasion of cytokine, of cartilage, deposition of collagen and synovial injury decreased compared with the control in histopathologic observation (HE, MT staining). Conclusions: Comparison of the results for this study showed that CDIT had immunomodulatory effects. We expect that CDIT could be used as a effective drug for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune diseases. Therefore, we have to survey continuously, looking for effective substances and mechanisms in the future.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2017

Purpose: Recently, a nomogram predicting overall survival after gastric resection was developed and externally validated in Korea and Japan. However, this gastric cancer nomogram is derived from large-volume centers, and the applicability of the nomogram in smaller centers must be proven. The purpose of this study is to externally validate the gastric cancer nomogram using a dataset from a medium-volume center in Korea. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 610 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from August 1, 2005 to December 31, 2011. Age, sex, number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), number of examined LNs, depth of invasion, and location of the tumor were investigated as variables for validation of the nomogram. Both discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated. Results: The discrimination was evaluated using Harrell's C-index. The Harrell's C-index was 0.83 and the discrimination of the gastric cancer nomogram was appropriate. Regarding calibration, the 95% confidence interval of predicted survival appeared to be on the ideal reference line except in the poorest survival group. However, we observed a tendency for actual survival to be constantly higher than predicted survival in this cohort. Conclusions: Although the discrimination power was good, actual survival was slightly higher than that predicted by the nomogram. This phenomenon might be explained by elongated life span in the recent patient cohort due to advances in adjuvant chemotherapy and improved nutritional status. Future gastric cancer nomograms should consider elongated life span with the passage of time.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.626-639
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate the association of clinical, pathologic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables with progressive disease (PD) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 252 women with TNBC who underwent NAC between 2010 and 2019. Clinical, pathologic, and treatment data were collected. Two radiologists analyzed the pre-NAC MRI. After random allocation to the development and validation sets in a 2:1 ratio, we developed models to predict PD and DMFS using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively, and validated them. Results: Among the 252 patients (age, 48.3 ± 10.7 years; 168 in the development set; 84 in the validation set), PD was occurred in 17 patients and 9 patients in the development and validation sets, respectively. In the clinical-pathologic-MRI model, the metaplastic histology (odds ratio [OR], 8.0; P = 0.032), Ki-67 index (OR, 1.02; P = 0.044), and subcutaneous edema (OR, 30.6; P = 0.004) were independently associated with PD in the development set. The clinical-pathologic-MRI model showed a higher area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) than the clinical-pathologic model (AUC: 0.69 vs. 0.54; P = 0.017) for predicting PD in the validation set. Distant metastases occurred in 49 patients and 18 patients in the development and validation sets, respectively. Residual disease in both the breast and lymph nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 6.0; P = 0.005) and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (HR, 3.3; P < 0.001) were independently associated with DMFS. The model consisting of these pathologic variables showed a Harrell's C-index of 0.86 in the validation set. Conclusion: The clinical-pathologic-MRI model, which considered subcutaneous edema observed using MRI, performed better than the clinical-pathologic model for predicting PD. However, MRI did not independently contribute to the prediction of DMFS.