• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.113-115
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• 2014

Salmonella are causative agents of gastroenteritis and systemic disease in animals. The invA gene was selected as a target sequence of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for diagnosis of Salmonella infection. The detection limits for broth dilution, spiked feces and enrichment were $10^4$, $10^5$ and $10^2$ CFUs/mL, respectively. The LAMP assay developed in the present study may be a reliable method for detection of Salmonella spp. in pig feces.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 0.18um CMOS(1P6M) 공정을 이용하여 무인차량용 단거리 라이다 시스템을 위한 멀티채널 트랜스임피던스 증폭기(TIA) 어레이 회로를 구현하였다. 트랜스임피던스 증폭기 어레이 구조는 전압모드 $4{\times}4$ 채널 Inverter TIA 어레이와 전류모드 $4{\times}4$ 채널 Common-Gate(CG) TIA 어레이 두 가지를 설계했으며, 전체적으로 $4{\times}8$의 32-채널을 갖도록 설계하였다. 먼저, Inverter TIA는 피드백 저항을 가진 Inverter 입력구조와 CML 출력버퍼단으로 구성되어 있으며, 저잡음 및 저전력 특성뿐 아니라, virtual ground를 갖도록 설계함으로써 DC 전류조절이 가능하여 이득과 출력 임피던스 컨트롤이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한, CG-TIA는 on-chip bandgap reference로부터 bias 전압을 이용하고, 소스팔로워 출력버퍼를 사용하여 고주파수 이득을 높였으며, 기본적인 구조 상 CG-TIA는 채널당 칩 면적이 Inverter TIA에 비해 1.26배 작게 설계되었다. 포스트 레이아웃 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안한 Inverter TIA 어레이는 각 채널당 57.5-dB${\Omega}$ 트랜스임피던스 이득, 340-MHz 대역폭, 3.7-pA/sqrt(Hz) 평균 잡음전류 스펙트럼 밀도, 및 2.84-mW (16채널 45.4-mW) 전력소모를 가졌다. CG-TIA 어레이는 채널당 54.5-dB${\Omega}$ 트랜스임피던스 이득, 360-MHz 대역폭, 9.17-pA/sqrt(Hz) 평균 잡음전류 스펙트럼 밀도, 4.24-mW (16채널 67.8-mW) 전력소모를 가졌다. 단, 펄스 시뮬레이션 결과, CG-TIA 어레이가 200-500-Mb/s 동작속도에서 훨씬 깨끗하게 구분 가능한 출력펄스를 보였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

살모넬라는 음식과 식수에서 흔히 나오는 중요한 병원체로 세계 곳곳에서 급성 위장염과 같은 감염증을 일으키며, 일반적으로 인간의 혈청형 임상종으로는 Salmonella enterica의 혈청형인 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis가 있다. 일반적인 검출 방법으로 살모넬라를 기본으로 하여 선택적인 배양으로 샘플을 수집하였고 살모넬라를 일으키는 군체의 특징을 생화학과 혈청학상인 테스트를 하였으나 이러한 방법들은 일반적으로 시간이 걸리고 높은 감도를 보이지 않았다. 최근, 등온증폭반응법과 real-time PCR법을 이용하여 높은 감도, 특이성으로 현재 병원성 박테리아에 빠르게 수행할 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 등온증폭반응과 real-time PCR법을 사용하여 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis의 검출하였다. 선택적인 타겟 유전자로, invA를 살모넬라종의 염기서열에 특이적으로 임의복제 하였다. 등온증폭반응과 real-time PCR은 살모넬라종으로부터 임의의 염기서열을 증폭하여 검출하였고, invA는 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis의 두 가지 종을 모두 검출하였다. 이러한 등온증폭반응과 real-time PCR법으로 S.Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis의 검출 가능성을 보였으며, 살모넬라 종에 대한 특이성, 민감성을 갖춘 유용한 검출방법을 제시하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.654-670
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. Methods: The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. Results: Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63℃ for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×10² CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×10⁴ CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. Conclusion: The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2003

Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars remain a potential threat to human health and many animals including beef cattle, broiler chickens, and pigs which possible sources of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in human. In this study, the cecal contents of slaughtered pigs were examined for Salmonella serovar prevalence. The characteristics of the isolates, including antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence genes, were studied along with the reference strain S typhimurium ATCC 13311. Out of 640 sample, 137 Salmonella(21.4%) were isolated and their serovar were identified S typhimurium 83 strains(60.6%), S agona 10 strains(7.3%), S schwarzengrund 4 strains(2.9%), S derby 4 strains(2.9%), S ayinde 1 strains(0.7%), and untypable 35 strains(25.5%). All 83 S typhimurium strains(100%) were multi-drug resistance to at least 7 antibiotics, and 20 strains(24.1%) of 83 isolates were R-type ACSSuT. Examination of virulent gene by PCR revealed that 73 S typimurium field isolates(88%) have a invA gene and 24 strains(28.9%) have a spvC gene. Consequently, S typhimurium infection in slaughtered pigs was relatively to appear high prevalence in their herds which suggested that it should be necessary for herd health monitoring and surveillance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.863-867
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• 2020

This study was conducted on financial data of 38 economic groups listed on Vietnam's stock market for the period 2009 - 2019 and it aims to provide an empirical evidence on the impact of working capital management policy on performance in all phases of the economic cycle of Vietnamese economic groups. The study uses FGLS estimation method with 2 dependent variables ROA, GOP, independent variables including INV, AR, AP, CCC, dummy variable representing different phases of the economic cycle, variables Control includes CAT, CR, LEV, SZ, GR. Research shows that the greater the level of investment by companies in liquid assets corresponding to a certain level of activity (shown by average days of inventory (INV), average days of collection. (AR), cash flow cycle (CCC)) the lower the rate of return on assets. The study also provides additional evidence of the negative effects of economic crisis on the performance of economic groups. The study also shows that the number of short-term asset cycles has a positive impact on operational efficiency, and the level of debt use has a negative impact on operational efficiency. This result implies that the managers of economic groups can increase the efficiency of businesses through a reasonable working capital policy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1616-1621
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• 2007

We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The detection limit of real-time PCR was $1{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. flexneri and $2{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. typhimurium; this sensitivity level was comparable to other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S. typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 1989

사람에 있어서 C-이질염색질의 다형성을 관찰하기 위하여, 일반환자 234명(여자 165, 남자 69)의 말초혈액백혈구을 배양하였다. 슬라이드 제작후 C-분염법(NOR-염색법, GC-분염법 포함)에 의해 염색체 1, 9, 16번 그리고 Y의 이질염색질(qh)과 D와 G군의 부수체와 단완의 변이를 관찰한후 변이를 나타낸 환자와 임상적 고찰을 함께 실시 하였다. I. 234명중 변이세포를 갖는 사람은 91명(여 68, 남 23)이었으며, 변이세포를 갖고 있지않은 사람은 143명(여97, 남 46)이다. 변이세포를 갖고있는 91명에 대한 총변이수는 125예로서 다음과 같다. 1) 염색체 1, 9, 16번과 Y의 qh변이의 수는 99예 였고, 2) D와 G군의 부수체(Satellite)와 단완의 변이의 수는 21예 였으며, 3) 염색체 9번의 편동원체 역위인 경우가 5예였다. II. 염색체 1번, 9번, Y에서 이질염색질이 크게 증가한 환자 12명의 병력을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과을 얻었다. 1) 생식기관의 이상(reproductive failure)인 경우가 3예 (1qh+)였고, 2) 3회이상의 반복유산(habitual abortion)인 경우가 3예, 즉 inv(9)이 2예, 1qh+가 1예 이고, 3) 암의 초기상태(precancerous state)가 2예, 즉 inv(9)이 1예, 1qh+가 1예, 4) 결핵(tuberculosis)은 1예(1qh+), 5) 정상(normal)은 3예, (1qh +2예, Yqh+1예)였다. 위와같은 결과를 통하여, 본 실험에서의 염색체 1, 9, 16번 그리고 Y의 qh의 변이중 이질염색 질의 감소(qh-)는 단순한 다형현상이라 생각되며, 이질염색질의 증가(qh+)와 9번염색체의 편동원체 역위현상은 임상적 질환과 상당한 연관성이 있다고 사료된다. 추후 이러한 C-이질염색질의 다형성과 임상적 이상과의 관계에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

서울시내 25개 자치구에 산재한 약수터에서 5주의 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis를 분리하여 생화학적 특성, 병원성의 유무 및 16S rDNA 분석을 실시하였다. 분리된 Y. pseudotuberculosis는 모두 병원성 유전자인 inv를 소유하고 있었으며, 16S rDNA를 증폭한 후 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI Genbank에 등록된 다른 Yersinia 속 및 장내세균 등과 비교해 본 결과 Yersinia 속 등과는 97.5%에서 100%의 높은 상동성(Similarity)을 나타내었고, 다른 장내세균 등과는 93.0%에서 95.1%의 낮은 상동성을 나타내었다. 165 rDNA 염기서열을 기초로 계통수를 작성한 결과 크게 3개의 cluster를 형성하였는데 특히 Y.enterocolitica (Z49830)은 Y.pseudotuberculasis (Z21939)와의 상동성(97.7%)보다 Y.intermedia (X75279)와의 상동성(97.9%)이 더 높게 나타났으며, E. coli (Z83205)는 Proteus vulgaris (AJ233425) 와의 상동성(93.2%)보다 Salmonella enteritidis (U90318)와의 상동성(97.7%)이 더 밀접한 연관성을 나타내었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2000

Nausea, vomiting and retching are universal symptoms that affect individuals' state of health and self-care activities of individuals. Accurate measurements of individual symptoms are required to gather more definitive data, and enhance understanding, planning, and implementation of self-care actions. Recently the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching(INVR), a new format of the INV-2(the Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting), was developed to measure the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and retching in an English speaking population. To determine the reliability and validity of the INVR, and the possibility of using the instrument in Korea, the Korean translation of the INVR and the INV-2 were administered to a convenient sample of 105 patients at two University Hospitals in Kwangju, Korea. The Cronbach's alpha to estimate the internal consistency of reliability for INVR was 0.844. Equivalent measures of reliability were conducted to determine the percentage of agreement and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients for responses on the two instruments. The percent agreement was 83% and the correlation coefficient was 0.906 over all. A significant differences between the INVR scores of the patients with and without nausea, vomiting, or retching were seen, which indicated a construct validity. The INVR was found to be more user friendly for the patient and the healthcare providers. As a result, it is suggested that the INVR can provide a scientific base for measuring the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and retching for nurses to improve patients' care and quality of life.