• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.798-803
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• 2020

Late in the 1960s, South Korea established cultivation technology and began breeding new "Tongil" type rice cultivars by crossing indica and japonica. To date, this cultivation technique has been used to produce a wide variety of cultivars to meet consumer preferences and adapt to extreme weather conditions. Once major genetic traits are no longer segregated through advanced generations, varieties obtained from a cross between different crops may become a new variety. In this study, we confirmed the agronomic traits of F₄, F₅, and F₆ by advanced generation a population in which drought tolerance and brown planthopper (BPH) resistance were crossed. HV23, Ilmi/HV23, and Drimi2ho/HV23 were used. HV23 was drought-tolerant, and Drimi2ho was resistant to BPH. As a result, it was possible to consider that the agronomic traits were fixed because none of them showed a significant difference from the others. While it takes more than 10 years for the pedigree method of breeding, this study confirmed that the agronomic traits were fixed in 4-6 years. In the future, we will investigate the homology of the CaMsrB2 gene and the Bph1 gene, to confirm that both genes are closely related to each other, and analyze the stable inheritance of the introduced gene for multiple successive generations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.89-119
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• 2020

Species invasions have rapidly increased due to the substantial growth of global trade in the recent past. As the awareness of the negative effects on natural ecosystems derived from alien species has grown, many countries and lawmakers have enacted rules and policies on the conservation of indigenous plants. Unfortunately, in Korea, research on species invasion is seriously lacking despite the growing number of alien species. In the current study, we report alien plants that have intentionally and/or unintentionally been introduced in Korea and also presented a checklist of invasive plants found both in the literature and in field surveys. We reviewed all documented records of alien plants, i.e., scientific papers, illustrated books, and annual reports. We also categorized alien plants by origin, time of introduction, naturalization, and the rate of their spread. The results revealed that there are 619 alien plant taxa (96 families, 353 genera, 595 species, 6 subspecies, 11 varieties, 1 forma, and 6 hybrids) occurring in Korea. Among these, 30 taxa are archaeophytes (Arc.), 214 are potentially invasive plants (PIPs), and 375 are invasive alien plants (IAPs). In addition, IAP taxa consist of grades 5 (widespread, WS) to 1 (potential spread, PS) of alien plants according to the rate of spread in Korea. Our results suggested that the number of alien plants is likely to keep growing; thus, the distribution should be regularly monitored and the list of alien plants must be updated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of introduced crimson clover cultivars at paddy field of Naju(Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The crimson clover cultivars used in this study were 4 varieties('Oregon com.' 'Tibbee', 'Contea', 'Linkarus') The fastest flowering variety was chinese milk vetch, while 'Linkarus' was the latest one as of as 5th May. The average dry matter(DM) content was 24.3% and crude protein(CP) content was 14.9%. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest CP content of 18.3% among crimson clover and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest CP content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) content were 35.1%, 45.3% and 58.9%, respectively. With by the winter hardness the productivity of crimson clover cultivars were severely various. Linkarus showed the highest DM yield with 6,986kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Tibbee' and 'Oregon com.' was low by 3,639 kg/ha and 1,980kg/ha, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of crimson clover cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as major factor when introducing crimson clover cultivars into Korea. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Linkarus' would be recommendable for fall sown crimson clover for dry matter production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 1982

The effects of climatic factors on organisms lire variable and complex, and it, however, can be interpreted in terms of those on the distribution and those on the population densities. The distribution of an organism may largely be determined by the temperatures, except some temporal organisms which are depended on the air mass movements. Population density of an organism is determined by various climatic factors, such as previous winter temperature, temperature of growing season and rainfall. The start of growing season of the rice plants has been shifted to earlier since last decade in Korea. This may mean that the overall climatic condition during the growing season might be considerably different from those in past years, and such a difference in climatic conditions might have close relation with the recent status of the diseases and insect pests through direct effects on the physiology and population dynamics of the organisms, as well as through on the biotic associations of the pest organisms. The white back planthopper and brown planthopper have become the key insect pests in Korea in recent years. They are migratory and have high reproductive pontentials and more generations than average residential insects. The synchronization of the migrants and physiological condition of the rice plants seems to be the important factors in relation to the recent outbreaks of these insects; the high reproductive rate can be obtained with the growth stage of rice being 30-50 days after transplanting. The modication of the microclimate associated with high plant density and some other introduced new cultural techniques also have some relation with the outbreak. The key diseases of the rice are the blast disease, sheath blight and the bacterial leaf blight. For the rice blast, the seedling blast and leaf blast during the early growing season and the neck blast, have become more serious, the former may be related to hotbed nursery and the later may be related to the high humidity in early August, and synchronization of the heading time which has been shifted to early part from middle or late part of August. In general, for the rice diseases, the development of the new races have been the most serious which are largely resulted from the introduction of the new varieties, but it also seems to be related with the prolonged periods of the favorable condition associated with the shifted growing seasons. In general, the diseases and insect pest problems have become much more variable and complex, and control measures should be based on the thorough knowledge of the ecology of the pest organisms, that is, effects of various environmental factors on the disease cycle; spore release, spore deposition, infection, colonization and sporulation of the disease organisms, and those on the development, reproductive potentials, dispersal, age specific responses of the insects. The well organized real-time pest management systems, such as alfalfa weevil management system developed at the Purdue University in U.S., is the prime importance for the implementation of the pest management principles.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-19
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• 1995

Numerous investigators have conducted extensive investigation in the search for biological markers in psychiatric illness. There are, as a test of q biological approach to the diagnosis of the psychiatric illness, tests for the neurotransmitters, their metabolites, and related enzymes, the neurotransmitter receptors, the neuroendocrine output and response, the membrane transport, peptides and eletrolytes. They are called the biological markers, and they are helpful for the diagnosis or differential diagnosis, choice of treatment or drugs, symptom improvement, predictor of recurrence and anticipation of suicidal attempt. These studies are among the main purposes that are pursued in the neuroscience and based on the potential utility of the biological markers mentioned above. Since 1970's, lots 01 biological markers' studies for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis or subtypes differentiation have been done but varieties of different opinions have been drawn since then through they could explain the charaters of main psychiatric illness(especially schizophrenia and mood disorder). But, the search for biological markers, including displines of neuroendoclinology and neurochemistry(neurotransmitter and thair metabolite), has yielded a number of putative trait merkers and state markers for psychayric illness. This paper aims to anticipate or evaluate the good response to the therapy(Therpeutic response) with lots of markers. Acoording to the diagnosis of lots of diseases or subtypes, we are going to review the papers, mainly concern with 'Is there any Marker' or 'Is any test possible to detect the improvement clinically?' 'Is it possible to predict the recurrence or good prognsis?' or 'Is it possible to select any drug or therapy to bring the good response?' The biological tests to review are mainly the metabolites of catecholamine neurotransmitter, and especially neuroendocrine test based on the knowledge that hormons of the adenohypophysis are influenced by activity of the cerebral or limbic neurons as well as the hypothalamus ones. Among them, author introduced some clinically available tests that are DST, TRH stimulation test(TRHST), GH stimulation test, and the urine MHPG test that can give us the evaluation of the treatment response, the predictor for recurrence or choice of drug that can bring a good response. So author discussed thair potential utility in clarifying, therapeutic, and prognostic issues in psychatric illness. We hope they'll be used and look forward to more active study on the different opinion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 2002

Along with the worldwide rapid increase of the cultivation area and commercial production of genetically modified (GM) crops, the amount of GM grains imported to Korea has also been increasing. Roundup-Ready soybean (RRS) was introduced with 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-photphate synthase (EPSPS) gene derived from Agrobacterium CP4 to confer the resistance to herbicide, glyphosate. In this study, we tried to develop PCR-based analytical method to detection the presence of RRS among non-GM soybeans. In order to detect RRS specifically, oligonucleotide primers were specifically designed based on the nucleotide sequence of EPSPS transgene. Qualitative PCR method was established and its specificity and accuracy were confirmed by analysing the nucleotide sequence of PCR DNA fragments. Bioassay was also conducted by spraying glyphosate at seedling stage. Survived individuals showed obvious resistance to Roundup Ready, however all of non-GM seedlings died in two weeks after spray. Conclusively, the highly selective detection systems for RRS were successfully established by both PCR using specific primers to EPSPS transgene and bioassay using the herbicide resistance of RRS. In addition to, the imported soybean showed to be mixed to several varieties regarding to 100-seed weight and hilum color.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The effects that the geo-textile mulching sheet has influenced on the runoff-water, suspended solid, sediment yield and vegetation growth are as follows in artificial slope 1. The flora of plots was composed 12 families, 21 genera, 20 species, 2 varieties, total 22 taxa. 2. The geo-textile mulching sheet is effective on increasing of introduced vegetation population, number of species and vegetation coverage, but just only with the mulching sheet it shows limit of was somewhat difficult to expect the increase of the existence ratio. 3. The amount of runoff-water increased in proportion to rainfall and at mulched plots were about 1/15.5 as decreased as that of un-mulched plots. 4. The amount of suspended sediment increased in proportion to rainfall and at mulched plots were about 1/47 as decreased as that of un-mulched plots. 5. Also, the amount of sediment yield increased in proportion to rainfall and at mulched plots were about 1/151 as decreased as that of un-mulched plots. so, multi-function- filter is very effective on prevention of soil erosion.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.144-213
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• 2006

The mushroom production reached to 1000 billion won in monetary value in Korea. We, however, do not have systematic terminology dictionary published yet. Recently new varieties of medicinal mushrooms in addition to culinary mushrooms are being introduced steadily through out the world. This makes the necessity of coordinated and consistent arrangement of terms involved in culture, cultivation and physiological aspects of mushrooms. Various components in relation to the medicinal and physiological functionality also poses ambiguity in terminology along with the terms used in breeding and genetic researches. Moreover, some of the scientific terms are being used erroneously. In order to help mushroom cultivators, students, and mushroom business personnel in understanding the terms on mushroom science and technology we intended to collect and organize all the terms related to mushroom morphology and cultivation, poison and medicinal functionality, processing and utilization, and so on. Thirteen professionals from each field participated in this project. The fields included here are : 1) Genetics and breeding of mushrooms, 2) Cultivation and physiology of mushrooms, 3) Taxonomy and ecology of mushrooms, 4) Processing and functional components, 5) Blight and insects of mushrooms.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.6 s.71
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• pp.893-904
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• 1998

There are varieties of severe malocclusions, which can be treated orthodontically, but with a great deal of effort. Anterior openbite, in particular, is one malocclusion thought to be more difficult to treat, and therefore, most of them have to be corrected by means of surgical intervention. To solve these problems, numerous studies pertinent to treatment modalities have been introduced with controversies on the effectiveness of treatment. Suggested treatment modalities for anterior openbite are based directly or indirectly on the neuromuscular and morphological features and on the etiologic and/or the environmental factors. Even though the vertical relationship of the face is increased due to the growth variation, the normal occlusal relationship can be achieved by the adequate dentoalveolar compensatory mechanism, but in the case of inadequate or negative dentoalveolar compensation, openbite is likely to be present. If the skeletal dysplasia is too severe to be solved by orthodontic treatment alone, combined treatment with surgery should be done to restore the function and the esthetics of the orofacial complex. In many cases, however, orthodontic alteration of the dentition pertinent to the given skeletal pattern with the proper diagnosis and treatment planning can bring satisfactory results. The treatment changes with the Multiloop Edgewise Archwire(MEAW) therapy occurred mainly in the dentoalveolar region and showed a considerable similarity to the natural dentoalveolar compensatory mechanism. In other words, the MEAW technique allows orthodontists to produce the natural dentoalveolar compensation orthodontically. Even if an openbite is corrected by the orthodontic dentoalveolar compensation suitable for the skeletal pattern, relapse may still occur by the persisting etiologic factors which originally prohibited the natural dentoalveolar compensation. The etiologic factors should be determined at the time of initial diagnosis and should be controlled during treatment and retention.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.87-90
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• 1973

Optimum plot shape and size in a uniformity trial in the newly founded experimental farm of KAERI were determined for seed yield with the basic units consisted of 2.5m $\times$ 0.6m plot. Various plot sizes and shapes were made by combination of the basic units. Coefficients of variations for yield were 21% in local branch type variety Kumkang-Dairip and 20% in the introduced branchless type variety Clark. This result indicates that the field in the new experimental farm is appropriate for soybean yield trials when adequate number of replications are employed in the field experiment. In general, C. V. values were gradually decreased with increase of plot sizes. Although the data were not consistant, the errors for the long narrow plots tend to have somewhat smaller than for the square shape plots. A sharp decrease in C.V. value was found from the $4.5\textrm{m}^2$ plot in the variety Kumkang-Dairip and from the $6\textrm{m}^2$ plot in the variety Clark. These results imply that 5-$6\textrm{m}^2$ plot could be used for yield trials in early generations of hybrid progenies. 2.5-5m long plot with 3-4 replications will be practical for yield trials in the early hybrid generations. The C.V. values with 7.5m long plot was about 16% in both varieties and 15.3% in 10m plot. These results indicate that 7.5-10m plot with 3-4 replications could be employed in accurate yield test in the advanced generations.