• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

It has been very important to have an exact evaluation for risk factors in order to prevent WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders). However, most WMSDs evaluation methods have always been some problems of possibilities associated with subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study tried to conduct a sort of usability analysis on three major evaluation methods(OWAS, RULA, REBA). Specifically, major subjects in the study consisted of three parts as follows; comparison of the results between experienced and inexperienced observers, analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different evaluation times, and analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different job characteristics(based on the part of the automobile). The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1) There was statistically significant difference of the results by RULA and by REBA between experienced and inexperienced observers. This might be due to the fact that experienced observers have had better ability to detect the important working posture during evaluation. However, the results by OWAS did not give any significantly different results between experienced and inexperienced observers, 2) All three checklists applied by experienced subjects did not show any single result significantly different in terms of different evaluation times. This might have to do with high intra-observer reliability from some of previous studies, 3) The five parts of an automobile were selected as five major jobs with different job characteristics in the automobile industry. Specifically, they were door part, front part(hood, etc.), inside part(dash board, seats, etc.), rear part(trunk etc.), and bottom part. All three methods did not show any significant differences for the results from each observers. Further study on this subject would eventually provide a sophisticated evaluating guidelines for WMSDs regarding determination of observer-specific evaluation, identification of repetitive number of evaluations for stable results for each checklist, determination of job-specific evaluation methods, and so on.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1175-1184
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• 2014

안드로이드는 어플리케이션간의 메시지 전달을 위해 인텐트 메커니즘을 지원한다. 인텐트는 어플리케이션간의 통신을 용이하게 하지만 사용에 따라서 보안상 취약점을 가질 수 있다. 특히, 암시적 인텐트는, 메시지를 전달 받을 컴포넌트를 명시하는 명시적 인텐트와 달리, 메시지를 전달 받는 컴포넌트를 지정하지 않기 때문에, 인텐트를 가로채는 인터셉트 공격이나 인텐트를 변조하는 공격에 취약할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 암시적 인텐트의 취약점에 대하여 기존에 연구된 공격 방법들과 대응방안을 다시 살펴본다. 개발자 정의 액션을 사용한 인텐트를 이용하는 공격 방식이 많이 연구가 되어 있지만, 안드로이드 표준 액션을 사용한 인텐트을 이용한 공격은 아직 구체적으로 발견한 연구가 없다. 본 논문에서 안드로이드 표준 액션을 사용한 인텐트에 대한 새로운 공격을 소개하고, 이러한 공격으로부터 스마트폰을 보호하는 방법을 논의하고 제안한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus(SPFMV) is one of the most prevalent viruses infecting sweet potatoes and occurs widely in sweet potato cultivating areas in Korea. To assess their genetic variation, a total of 28 samples infected with SPFMV were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis using DNAs amplified by RT-PCR with specific primer sets corresponding to the coat protein(CP) region of the virus. The similarity matrix by UPGMA procedure indicated that 28 samples infected with SPFMV were classified into three groups based on the number and size of DNA fragments by digestion of CP-encoding regions with 7 enzymes including SalI, AluI, EcoRI, HindIII, FokI, Sau3AI, and DraI bands. Four primer combinations out of 5 designed sets were able to differentiate SPFMV and sweet potato virus G infection, suggesting that these specific primers could be used to differentiate inter-groups of SPFMV. Sequence analysis of the CP genes of 17 SPFMV samples were 97-99% and 91-93% identical at the intra-group and inter-groups of SPFMV, respectively. The N-terminal region of the CP is highly variable and examination of the multiple alignments of amino acid sequences revealed two residues(residues 31 and 32) that were consistently different between SPFMV-O and SPFMV-RC.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

A simple, specific, and economical LC-MS/MS method was investigated for the screening of 43 prescribed antihypertensive and related drugs in human urine. The urine samples were simply prepared by diluting and mixing with internal standard before directly introduced to the LC-MS/MS system, which is fast, straightforward, and cost-effective. Fractional factorial, Box-Behnken, and I-optimal design were applied to screen and optimize the mass spectrometric and chromatographic factors. The analysis was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system utilizing multiple reaction monitoring with positive and negative electrospray ionization method. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Scientific Accucore RP-MS column (50 × 3.0 mm ID., 2.6 ㎛) using two separate gradient elution programs established with the same mobile phases. Chromatographic separation was performed within 12 min. The optimal method was validated based on FDA guideline. The results indicated that the assay was specific, reproducible, and sensitive with the limit of detection from 0.1 to 50.0 ㎍/L. The method was linear for all analytes with coefficient of determination ranging from 0.9870 to 0.9981. The intra-assay precision was from 1.44 to 19.87% and the inter-assay precision was between 2.69 and 18.54% with the recovery rate ranges from 84.54 to 119.78% for all drugs measured. All analytes in urine samples were stable for 24 h at 25℃, and for 2 weeks at -60℃. The developed method improves on currently existing methods by including larger number of cardiovascular medications and better sensitivity of 12 analytes.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp^® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults. Subjects and Methods: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC). Results: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp^® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp^® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults. Subjects and Methods: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC). Results: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp^® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1993

벗풀 단독(單獨) 재배시(栽培時)의 종내(種內) 및 벼와의 종간경합(種間競合) 특성(特性)을 파악(把握)하기 위하여 포장(圃場)과 폿트에서 일련(一聯)의 실험(實驗)을 수행(遂行)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 벗풀 단독(單獨) 재배시(栽培時) $0.5m^2$당(當) 1본식(本植)한 구(區)에 비(比)해 초장(草長)과 화경수(花莖數)는 10주(株)부터, 엽수(葉數)와 엽장(葉長)은 5주(株)부터 종내경합(種內競合)이 시작(始作)되었고 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)과 형성(形成)된 지하경수(地下莖數)는 5주(株)부터 현저(顯著)한 감소(減少) 현상(現象)을 나타내면서 종내경합(種內競合)이 시작(始作)되었다. 2. 벼의 이앙(移秧) 본수(本數)를 일정(一定)하게 하고 벗풀 밀도(密度)를 달리한 종간경합실험(種間競合實驗)에서 벼의 초장(草長)은 벗풀을 $0.5m^2$당(當) 15주(株) 재식(栽植)할 때 짧아졌으며, 경수(莖數)는 벗풀 5주(株) 재식구(栽植區)부터 억제(抑制)되었다. 벗풀의 생장량(生長量), 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)그리고 형성(形成)된 지하경수(地下莖數)는 벗풀 재식밀도(栽植密度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 벗풀의 재식주수(栽植株數)를 일정(一定)하게 하고 벼의 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 달리한 종간경합실험(種間競合實驗)에서 벗풀의 생장량(生長量), 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重), 지하경수(地下莖數) 및 벼의 초장(草長)과 경수(莖數)는 벼 재식본수(栽植本數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 감소(減少)되었다. 4. 작기별(作期別) 종간경합실험(種間競合實驗)에서 뱃풀 단독재식구(單獨栽植區)에 대한 벗풀과 벼 혼식구(混植區)의 생장비율(生長比率)로 비교(比較)해 본 벗풀의 생장(生長)은 만기이앙(晩期移秧) 재배구(栽培區)보다 조기(早期) 및 보통기이앙(普通期移快) 재배구(栽培區)에서 더 억제(抑制)되었고, 벼의 초장(草長) 및 경수(莖數)는 그의 반대(反對)였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.363-370
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• 1997

RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein complex with a site-specific endonuclease activity. Its original substrate for cleavage is the small mitochondrial RNA near the mitochondrial DNA replication origin, thus it was proposed to generate the primer for mtDNA replication. Recently, it has been shown to have another substrate in the nucleus, such as pre-S.8S ribosomal RNA in nucleolus. The gene for the RNA component of RNase MRP (MRP RNA) was found to be encoded by the nucleus genome, suggesting an interesting intracellular trafficking of MRP RNA to both mitochondria and nucleolus after transcription in nucleus. In this study, genomic DNA encoding MRP RNA was microinjected into the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes, to analyze promoter regions involved in the transcription. It showed that the proximal sequence element and TATA box are important for basal level transcription; octamer motif and Sp1 binding sites are for elevated level transcription. Most of Xenopus MRP RNA was exported out to the cytoplasm following transcription in the nucleus. Utilizing various hybrid constructs, export of MRP RNA was found to be regulated by the promoter and the 5' half of the coding region of the gene. Interestingly, the transcription in nucleus seems to be coupled to the export of MRP RNA to cytoplasm. Intracellular transport of injected MRP RNA can be easily visualized by whole-mount in situ hybridization following microinjection; it also shows possible intra-nuclear sites for transcription and export of MRP RNA.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.361-364
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• 2004

Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be essential for HCV replication and most conserved among HCV variants. Hence, IRES RNA is a good therapeutic target for RNA-based inhibitors, such as ribozymes. We previously proposed a new anti-HCV modulation strategy based on trans-splicing ribozymes, which can selectively replace HCV transcripts with a new RNA that exerts anti-HCV activity. To explore this procedure, sites which are accessible to ribozymes in HCV IRES were previously determined by employing an RNA mapping method in vitro. In this study, we evaluate the intracellular accessibility of the ribozymes by comparing the trans-splicing activ­ities in cells of several ribozymes targeting different sites of the HCV IRES RNA. We assessed the intra­cellular activities of the ribozymes by monitoring their target-specific induction degree of both reporter gene activity and cytotoxin expression. The ribozyme capable of targeting the most accessible site iden­tified by the mapping studies then harbored the most active trans-splicing activity in cells. These results suggest that the target sites predicted to be accessible are truly the most accessible in the cells, and thus, could be applied to the development of various RNA-based anti-HCV therapies.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 1987

5${\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone(DHT)과 testosterone(T)은 남성 생식기관의 주 생성 호르몬들로 그 구조가 매우 비슷하여 이들 각 개를 특이하게 측정(specific determination)하는 방법이 개발되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 고속액체 크로마토그라피(HPLC)를 이용하여 이들을 분리한 후 섬광면역측 정법(Luminescence immunoassay, LIA)으로 정량하는 방법을 개발하여 이들의 응용 가능성을 검토하고져 하였다. DHT와 T의 retention time은 각각 10.3min, 17.6min이었다. DHT-LIA와 T-LIA에 서 다른 스테로이드들과의 교차반응도는 방사면역측정법(RIA)과 대동소이하였다. 정도관리(quality control) 시료의 intra-assay variation은 DHT-LIA가 8.7%, T-LIA가 6.0%의 변이계수를 나타내었고, inter-assay variation의 변이계수는 각각 12.0% 및 15.3%이었다. 실측치(y)와 기대치(x)간의 관계를 보면, DHT-LIA경우는 Y=0.94X+0.9(r=0.989), T-LIA는 Y=1.01X+0.06(r =0.988)로 두 측정치 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 위의-측정방법을 이용하여 DHT-enanthate와 T-enanthate 처리후 혈청내 DHT 및 T의 농도변화를 조사한 실험결과 LIA와 RIA의 값사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 위의 결과로 보아 본 실험에서 개발된 DHT와 T의 섬광면역측정법은 정립되었다고 사려된다.