• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2004

한국에 분포하고 있는 개구리 속에 대한 염기서열을 결정하고 상호 비교하여 종간 유전적 변이 정도를 밝히고자 한국산 개구리 속 6종과 일본산 개구리 속 1종에 대한 미토콘드리아 165 rDNA를 분석하였으며, Gene-bank에 수록된 일본산 산개구리류 3종도 함께 비교 분석하여 총 437 bp의 염기서열을 결정하였다. 산개구리류 7종에 대한 similarity는 91.3∼97.3％이며, 참개구리류는 96.1∼97.3％로 나타났다. 또한, 참개구리류와 옴개구리류의 genetic distance가 참개구리류와 산개구리류보다 더 가깝게 나타났다. Neighbor-joining분석에서 참개구리류와 산개구리류로 2개의 cluster를 형성하였는데, 이 중산개구리류는 총 3개의 subcluster를 형성하였다. 또한, 참개구리는 내륙지방과 도서지방에 분포하는 집단이 각각 나눠지는 것은 지리적 격리에 의한 결과라고 사료된다. Maximum-likelihood분석도 NJ 분석 결과와 매우 유사하게 나타났으나 옴개구리(R. rugosa)는 NJ와 ML분석에서 서로 상반된 결과를 나타냈다. 이는 한국산 옴 개구리가 남부지역과 기타 지역에서 유전적 차이가 크게 나타나며, 일본 집단과 외부 특징에서 차이를 보이는 등 문제점을 가지고 있기 때문에 보다 다양한 연구가 이루어져야 올바른 해석 이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2018

The extent and depth of the event plan determines the scope of pedagogical experience in situations and consequently the quality of immersive learning based on our simulated world. In contrast to planning in conventional narrative-based systems mainly pursuing dramatic interests, planning in virtual world-based pedagogical systems strive to provide realistic experiences in immersed situations. Instead of story plot comprising predetermined situations, our inter-event planning method aims at simulating diverse situations that each involve multiple events coupled via their associated agents' conditions and meaningful associations between events occurring in a background world. The specific techniques to realize our planning method include, two-phase planning based on inter-event search and intra-event decomposition (down to the animated action level); autonomous and independent agents to behave proactively with their own belief and planning capability; full-blown background world to be used as the comprehensive stage for all events to occur in; coupling events via realistic association types including deontic associations as well as conventional causality; separation of agents from event roles; temporal scheduling; and parallel and concurrent event progression mechanism. Combining all these techniques, diverse exogenous events can be derived and seamlessly (i.e., semantically meaningfully) integrated with the original event to form a wide scope of situations providing chances of abundant pedagogical experiences. For effective implementation of plan execution, we devise an execution scheme based on multiple priority queues, particularly to realize concurrent progression of many simultaneous events to simulate its corresponding reality. Specific execution mechanisms include modeling an action in terms of its component motions, adjustability of priority for agent across different events, and concurrent and parallel execution method for multiple actions and its expansion for multiple events.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8613-8618
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• 2016

Background: The symptoms of small bowel malignancies are mild and frequently nonspecific, thus patients are often not diagnosed until the disease is at an advanced stage. Moreover, the lack of sufficient studies and available data on small bowel cancer makes diagnosis difficult, further delaying proper treatment for these patients. In fact, only a small number of published studies exist, and there are no studies specific to Thailand. Radiologic and endoscopic studies and findings may allow physicians to better understand the disease, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic characteristics of small bowel cancer patients in Thailand's Siriraj Hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included 185 adult patients (97 men, 88 women; mean age = $57.6{\pm}14.9$) with pathologically confirmed small bowel cancer diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2013. Clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic findings were collected and compared between each subtype of small bowel cancer. Results: Of the 185 patients analyzed, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was the most common diagnosis (39.5%, n=73). Adenocarcinoma was the second most common (25.9%, n = 48), while lymphoma and all other types were identified in 24.3% (n = 45) and 10.3% (n = 19) of cases, respectively. The most common symptoms were weight loss (43.2%), abdominal pain (38.4%), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (23.8%). Conclusions: Based on radiology and endoscopy, this study revealed upper gastrointestinal bleeding, an intra-abdominal mass, and a sub-epithelial mass as common symptoms of GIST. Obstruction and ulcerating/circumferential masses were findicative of adenocarcinoma, as revealed by radiology and endoscopy, respectively. Finally, no specific symptoms were related to lymphoma.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Objectives: We performed simultaneous determination of five constituents by HPLC in Samul-tang (SMT). Additionally, we investigated the immune-stimulatory potential of SMT on specific cellular and humoral immune responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Methods: Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 190-400 nm, were used for quantification of the five components of SMT. Mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/alum ($100{\mu}g/200{\mu}g$) on days 1, 8, and 15. The extract of SMT (1000 mg/kg) was given to mice orally for 21 days (from day 1 to day 21). At day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific and total antibodies were measured in plasma. Results: Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) for intra- and inter-day precision were both less than 3.5%. The recovery was in the range of 95.69-115.12%, with an RSD less than 6.0%. The contents of five components in SMT were 1.08-15.30 mg/g. SMT significantly enhanced Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation in OVA-immunized mice (p<0.01). Also, SMT significantly enhanced OVAspecific IgG, IgG1 and total IgM levels in plasma compared with the OVA-immunized group. Conclusions: The established method will be applied for the quantification of major components and immunestimulating activity in OVA-immunized mouse model of SMT.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Eighty-five different cultivars of Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. nap us, B. carinata, B. oleracea and hexaploid Brassica collected from Bangladesh, Japan, China and Denmark were analyzed by SDS-PAGE for seed and leaf protein variations, using esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase isozyme analysis. Ten polymorphic bands were identified from seed protein however no identifiable polymorphic band was found in the leaf protein. Polymorphic markers clearly distinguished the different Brassica species as well as yellow sarson (YS) and brown seeded (BS) cultivars of B. rapa. The $F_1$ cross between YS and brown seeded cultivars showed the existance of all poly-morphic bands of the respective parents. The Bangla-deshi and Japanese cultivars of B. rapa differed in the amount of seed protein. In the case of isozyme analysis, esterase showed the highest number of polymorphic bands (13) followed by acid phosphatase (9) and peroxidase (5). These polymorphic markers were very effec-tive for classification of all the species studied in this experiment. In parentage tests using isozymes, the hybridity of intra-and-interspecific crosses of almost all the seedlings could be identified from their respective cross combinations. Esterase polymorphism showed a clear differentiation between YS and BS types of B. rapa. In addition, two esterase polymorphic markers were iden ified to differentiate some cultivars of B. juncea. Segregation patterns in these two esterase bands showed a simple Mendelian monohybrid ratio of 3:1 in $F_2$, 1:1 in test cross and 1:0 in back cross progenies. No polymorphic band was identified to distinguish different cultivars of the same species by acid phosphatase or peroxidase. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with seed coat color specific marker of B. juncea. The yellow seeded cultivars produced a strong band at 0.5 kb and weak band 1.2 kb. In the addition of these two specific bands, Japanese yellow-seeded cultivars expressed two more weak bands at 1.0 kb and 1.1 kb. Where the brown seeded cultivars generated a single strong band at 1.1 kb. In segregating population, the yellow seed coat color marker segregated at a ratio 15 (brown) : 1 (yellow), indicating the digenic inheritance pattern of the trait.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

Through the present study, we produced a monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using AFB1-carboxymethoxylamine BSA conjugates. One clone showing high binding ability was selected and it was applied to develop a direct competitive ELISA system. The epitope densities of AFB1-CMO against BSA and KLH were about 1 : 6 and 1 : 545, respectively. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) from cloned hybridoma cell was the IgG1 subclass with ${\lambda}$-type light chains. The $IC_{50}s$ of the monoclonal antibody developed for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 4.36, 7.22, 6.61 and 29.41 ng/ml, respectively, based on the AFB1-KLH coated ELISA system and 15.28, 26.62, 32.75 and 56.67 ng/ml, respectively, based on the mAb coated ELISA. Cross-relativities of mAb to AFB1 for AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 60.47, 65.97 and 14.83% in the AFB1-KLH coated ELISA, and 59.41, 46.66 and 26.97% in the mAb coated ELISA, respectively. Quantitative calculations for AFB1 from the AFB1-Ab ELISA and AFB1-Ag ELISA ranged from 0.25 to 25 ng/ml ($R^2$ > 0.99) and from 1 to 100 ng/ml ($R^2$ > 0.99), respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precision CVs were < 10% in both ELISA assay, representing good reproducibility of developed assay. Recoveries ranged from 79.18 to 91.27%, CVs ranged from 3.21 to 7.97% after spiking AFB1 at concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 ng/ml and following by extraction with 70% methanol solution in the Ab-coated ELISA. In conclusion, we produced a group specific mAb against aflatoxins and developed two direct competitive ELISAs for the detection of AFB1 in feeds based on a monoclonal antibody developed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to compare the non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of H. felis with HpSA kit-based detection method and H. felis-specific PCR assay with dog's stool samples without sacrifice. Male Beagle dogs (n=6) were infected with H. felis ATCC 49179 ($1.0{\times}10^9CFU/dog$) by intra-gastric inoculation two times at 3-day intervals, and the stool specimens of dogs were collected 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 days after infection to submit to HpSA test and H. felis-specific PCR. As the results, the sensitivity of the HpSA and the PCR analysis was 50.0%, 83.3% respectively. Although HpSA test is less sensitive, it could be used for rapid, cheap and easy screening assay for H. felis infection in dog and cats. We suggest that the H. pylori stool antigen kit, HpSA, is useful and effective for monitoring H. felis infection. If HpSA test would be made with H. felis antibodies in the future, its sensitivity could be increased. Also, PCR assay could be successfully used to detect the H. felis in stools. Applying the H. pylori stool antigen kit and PCR assay may be the recommended non-invasive strategy to identify H. felis in dog and cats.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1978

To elucidate the depaminergic control of T.S.H. secretion, we analized the pattern of T.S.H. secretion in seven normal controls and nine primary hypothyroid subjects, before and after single or combined administration of specific dopaminergic,receptor blocker, metoclopramide, and specific depaminergic receptor stimulant, bromergocryptine(CB-154). The results obtained were as follows: 1) There was a significant rise in T.S.H. levels after intra venous injection of metocloramide (10mg) in hypothyroid subjects. But there was no significant rise in T.S.H. levels in normal controls. The T.S.H. response to metoclopramide varied considerably, being large in mild cases and small in severely hypothyroid subjects. 2) There was a significant fall in T.S.H. levels after oral administration of bromergocryptine (2mg) in hypothyroid subjects, but there was no significant fall in T.S.H. levels in normal controls. 3) There was no significant fluctuation in T.S.H. levels after combined administration of both metoclopramide and bromergocrytine. 4) There was no significant fluctuation in T.S.H. levels after intravenous injection of normal saline(2ml) in both hypothyroid and normal subjects. 5) There was no significant change in serum $T_3\;and\;T_4$ after administration of metoclopramide and and bromergocryptine respectively and serially. These data support the fact that there is a dopaminergic control in the secretion of T.S.H. in the human.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

It has been very important to have an exact evaluation for risk factors in order to prevent WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders). However, most WMSDs evaluation methods have always been some problems of possibilities associated with subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study tried to conduct a sort of usability analysis on three major evaluation methods(OWAS, RULA, REBA). Specifically, major subjects in the study consisted of three parts as follows; comparison of the results between experienced and inexperienced observers, analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different evaluation times, and analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different job characteristics(based on the part of the automobile). The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1) There was statistically significant difference of the results by RULA and by REBA between experienced and inexperienced observers. This might be due to the fact that experienced observers have had better ability to detect the important working posture during evaluation. However, the results by OWAS did not give any significantly different results between experienced and inexperienced observers, 2) All three checklists applied by experienced subjects did not show any single result significantly different in terms of different evaluation times. This might have to do with high intra-observer reliability from some of previous studies, 3) The five parts of an automobile were selected as five major jobs with different job characteristics in the automobile industry. Specifically, they were door part, front part(hood, etc.), inside part(dash board, seats, etc.), rear part(trunk etc.), and bottom part. All three methods did not show any significant differences for the results from each observers. Further study on this subject would eventually provide a sophisticated evaluating guidelines for WMSDs regarding determination of observer-specific evaluation, identification of repetitive number of evaluations for stable results for each checklist, determination of job-specific evaluation methods, and so on.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1175-1184
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• 2014

안드로이드는 어플리케이션간의 메시지 전달을 위해 인텐트 메커니즘을 지원한다. 인텐트는 어플리케이션간의 통신을 용이하게 하지만 사용에 따라서 보안상 취약점을 가질 수 있다. 특히, 암시적 인텐트는, 메시지를 전달 받을 컴포넌트를 명시하는 명시적 인텐트와 달리, 메시지를 전달 받는 컴포넌트를 지정하지 않기 때문에, 인텐트를 가로채는 인터셉트 공격이나 인텐트를 변조하는 공격에 취약할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 암시적 인텐트의 취약점에 대하여 기존에 연구된 공격 방법들과 대응방안을 다시 살펴본다. 개발자 정의 액션을 사용한 인텐트를 이용하는 공격 방식이 많이 연구가 되어 있지만, 안드로이드 표준 액션을 사용한 인텐트을 이용한 공격은 아직 구체적으로 발견한 연구가 없다. 본 논문에서 안드로이드 표준 액션을 사용한 인텐트에 대한 새로운 공격을 소개하고, 이러한 공격으로부터 스마트폰을 보호하는 방법을 논의하고 제안한다.