• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2018

Background: Temperature-driven variation in pollinator assemblage and activity are important information, especially at high altitudes, where rising temperature trends exceed global levels. Temporal patterns of pollinators in a flowering season can be used as a proxy to predict the changes of high-altitude plants' mutualistic relationships. We observed a spring temperature change in one population of a high-altitude endemic species, Megaleranthis saniculifolia on Mt. Sobaeksan, and related it to pollinator assemblage and activity changes. Methods: This study was conducted at two sites, each facing different slopes (NE and NW), for two times in the spring of 2013 (early-flowering, April 27-28, vs. mid-flowering, May 7-8, 2013). We confirmed that the two sites were comparable in snowmelt regime, composition of flowering plants, and flower density, which could affect pollinator assemblage and activity. Pollinator assemblage and activity were investigated at three quadrats ($1m^2$ with 5-m distance) for each site, covering a total of 840 min observation for each site. We analyzed correlations between the temperature and visitation frequency. Results: Twelve pollinator species belonging to four orders were observed for M. saniculifolia at both sites during early- and mid-flowering times. Diptera (five species) and hymenopteran species (four species) were the most abundant pollinators. Pollinator richness increased at both sites toward the mid-flowering time [early vs. mid = 7 (NE) and 3 (NW) vs. 9 (NE) and 5 (NW)]. Compared to the early-flowering time, visitation frequency showed a fourfold increase in the mid-flowering time. With the progression of spring, major pollinators changed from flies to bees. Upon using data pooled over both sites and flowering times, hourly visitation frequency was strongly positively correlated with hourly mean air temperature. Conclusions: The spring temperature change over a relatively brief flowering period of M. saniculifolia at high altitudes can alter pollinator assemblages through pollinator dominance and visitation frequency changes. Thus, this study emphasizes information on intra- and inter-annual variations in the mutualistic relationship between pollinators and M. saniculifolia to further assess the warming impacts on M. saniculifolia's reproductive fitness.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2023

Paraphlomis koreana (Lamiaceae) was newly named and added to Korean flora in 2014. Paraphlomis belongs to the tribe Paraphlomideae, along with Ajugoides and Matsumurella. However, a recent study has suggested that P. koreana is morphologically similar to Matsumurella chinensis, making them difficult to distinguish from each other. Therefore, we aimed to examine the phylogenetic placement of P. koreana within the tribe and compare its genetic relationship with M. chinensis. We sequenced an additional complete plastid genome for an individual of P. koreana and generated sequences of nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA regions of internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS) for two individuals of P. koreana. Maximum likelihood analyses based on two nrDNA regions (ITS and ETS) and four plastid DNA markers (rpl16 intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, and trnL-F) covering 13 Paraphlomis species and M. chinensis were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses concordantly supported that P. koreana forms a monophyletic group with M. chinensis. Moreover, our study revealed that P. koreana includes nrDNA sequences of M. chinensis as minor intra-individual variants, suggesting that the genetic divergence between the two taxa is incomplete and may represent intraspecific variation rather than distinct species. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the independent species status of P. koreana within Paraphlomis should be reconsidered.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2012

본 연구는 유럽에서 식용버섯으로 선호도가 높은 Lepista nuda (민자주방망이버섯)에 대하여 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)와 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 염기서열을 이용하여 종내 및 종간의 유전적 변이를 분석하였다. RAPD 분석 결과 40개의 random primer 중 다형성을 나타내는 primer는 22개 였으며, 증폭된 밴드는 355개, DNA 단편의 크기는 200~4,000 bp의 사이에 위치하였다. RAPD band들을 marker로 하여 Nei-Li's의 방법을 이용한 비유사도 지수행렬을 조사한 결과 L. nuda 종내 유전적 변이는 0~21.60%로 나타났으며, L. nuda와 L. sordida의 종간에는 16.93~24.82%, L. irina와는 20.62~25.54%로 나타났으며, L. sordida와 L. irina와의 종간 변이는 23.49%로 나타났다. ITS I 과 II 영역의 673 bp의 염기서열을 분석하여 비유사도 지수행렬을 조사한 결과, L. nuda의 종내 변이는 1.58~11.47%였으며, L. nuda와 L. sordida와는 3.83~12.88%로 나타났다. 그리고 L. nuda와 L. irina는 7.11~15.61%였으며, L. sordida와 L. irina와의 종간 변이는 4.79%로 나타났다. 본 실험결과 RAPD와 ITS실험을 통해 확인된 primer와 연기서열은 Lepista속의 종을 검색 및 분류 시 유전적 표지 marker로서 이용 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

The author undertook PCR-founded genetic platform to investigate the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances of one razor clam population, particularly for Solen corneus, which was further associated with those of the other clam population, by engaging with the precisely designed oligonucleotide primer sets. Seven oligonucleotides primers were used producing a total of 639 counted bands in population A and 595 in population B, respectively, ranging in size of DNA fragments from larger than approximately 50 bp to less than 1,100 bp. Their primers generated 39 specific fragments (6.10%) in population A and 47 (7.90%) in population B, respectively Comparatively, individuals of one razor clam population were fairly related to that of the other clam population, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances. The analysis of genetic variation between razor clam populations could offer important statistics for fisheries and mariculture. Generally the results showed specific and/or conserved genetic loci between razor clam populations. Specific markers established by the author will be valuable for the genetic analysis, species protection and increase of razor clam individuals in coastal region of the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 1980

무궁화의 종내(終內) 일대잡종(一代雜種)에서 화색(花色)과 화형(花型)의 분리현상(分離現象)을 조사(調査)할 목적(目的)으로 품종간(品種間) 교배(交配)를 하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 화판(花瓣)의 자주색(紫朱色)은 백색(白色)에 대(對)하여 dominance하고 세포질(細胞質) 유전(遺傳)에 의(依)한 것이라 추측(推測)된다. 2. 화판(花瓣)의 홑과 겹은 Ss, dd인자(因子)에 의(依)하여 발생(發生)한다. 3. 배수체(倍數体)무궁화와의 $F_1$의 화색(花色) 화형(花型)에는 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다. 4. Open-pollination되어 얻은 $F_1$에서 화색(花色)에 많은 변이(變異)가 있었다. 5. 유색(有色)견 화판(花瓣)무궁화와의 $F_1$에서는 화판(花瓣)에 적색(赤色) 반문(斑紋)이 있는 변이개체(變異個体)가 다수(多數) 발생(發生)되었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.9.1-9.6
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• 2020

Background: Fucosterol is a compound commonly found in algae that has various biological activities. The purpose of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) validation method for fucosterol and to compare the fucosterol contents of 11 algal species from Ulleungdo, Korea. Method: In this study, we successfully isolated and identified fucosterol from a 70% EtOH extract of Sargassum miyabei, and subsequently conducted specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision analyses for development of an HPLC validation method. Fucosterol contents were compared using the established HPLC validation conditions. Results: We successfully isolated fucosterol from a 70% EtOH extract of S. miyabei and identified it based on spectroscopic analysis. On the basis of HPLC validation using the fucosterol isolated from S. miyabei, we confirmed specificity (8.5 min), linearity (R² = 0.9998), LOD (3.20 ㎍ mL^-1), LOQ (9.77 ㎍ mL^-1), accuracy (intra-day and inter-day variation, 90-110%), and precision (RSD, 1.07%). Fucosterol contents in the 11 assessed algal species ranged from 0.22 to 81.67 mg g^-1, with the highest content being recorded in a 70% EtOH extract of Desmarestia tabacoides (81.67 mg g^-1), followed by that of Agarum clathratum (78.70 mg g^-1). Conclusions: The results indicate that 70% EtOH extracts of D. tabacoides and A. clathratum containing fucosterol with various effects can be potential alternative sources of fucosterol.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2000

The dynamics of water quality and phytoplankton population had examined by monthly sampling from the upper to the lower part of watergate in an artificial Shihwa Reservoir in which situated near newly cities and incustrial complex on the west coast of Korea from January 1997 to December 1998. Among environmental factors, yearly average concentration of chl-a, TN and TP seemed to eutrophic or hypertrophic conditions that ranged 146.4~245.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 1.6~2.7 mg N/$\ell$, 258~448 $\mu\textrm{g}$ P/$\ell$, 26.9~80.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 1.0~2.4 mgN/$\ell$ and 74~239 $\mu\textrm{g}$P/$\ell$ respectively. Water quality was extremely deteriorated to consistently accumulation into inner reservoir by load of pollutants from autochthonous and allochthonous until early July 1997 after embankment. Water pollution of Shihwa Reservoir was remarkble on the biological condition with largely persistent bloom of phytoplankton and increase rate of standing crops was 2.4/yr. The development trend of phytoplankton in water ecosystem were closely related to increse and decrease of physico-chemical factors and those scale seemed to control by nutrient contents. Inflow of seawater into reservoir to object of repair of water quality. As to see dominant species, composition of those composed to mostly freshwater algae before inflow of seawater such as Selenastrum capricornutum of green algae, cyclotella atomus, C. meneghiniana of diatom and Microcystis spp. of blue-green algae and the other hand brackish algae were dominated after inflow of seawater such as Chaetoceros dicipiens, Skeletonema costatum of diatom, Dinophysis acuminata, Gymnodinium mikimotoi, G. sanguineum, Gyrodinium spirale, Prorocentrum minmum of dinoflagellate and Eutreptiella gymnastica of euglenoid. Moreover, small flagellates including Chroomonas spp. of cryptomonad were abundant throughout the year. The cause of water deterioration during fill of the freshwater were complexly supported with extra and intra parameters. The variation pattern of phytoplankton were related to water temperature and salinity by inflow of seawater based to plentiful nutrients. The dynamics of phytoplankton were assessed to ecosystem that clearly condition of dominant by unique or a few angel species seasonally.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2008

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes and are informative genetic markers. Despite many advantages of SSR markers such as a high degree of allelic polymorphisms, co-dominant inheritance, multi-allelism, and genome-wide coverage in various plant species, they also have shortcomings such as low polymorphic rates between genetically close lines, especially in Capsicum annuum. We developed an alternative technique to SSR by normalizing and alternating anchored primers in random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMP). This technique, designated reverse random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (rRAMP), allows the detection of nucleotide variation in the 3' region flanking an SSR using normalized anchored and random primer combinations. The reproducibility and frequency of polymorphic loci in rRAMP was vigorously enhanced by translocation of the 5' anchor of repeat sequences to the 3' end position and selective use of moderate arbitrary primers. In our study, the PCR banding pattern of rRAMP was highly dependent on the frequency of repeat motifs and primer combinations with random primers. Linkage analysis showed that rRAMP markers were well scattered on an intra-specific pepper map. Based on these results, we suggest that this technique is useful for studying genetic diversity, molecular fingerprinting, and rapidly constructing molecular maps for diverse plant species.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.879-883
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• 2005

한국산과 중국산 피조개의 신속 진단, 유전적 특성 및 유연관계를 분석하기 위하여 DNA 수준에서 확인 할 수 있는 PCR-aided RFLP를 사용하였다. 피조개 mtDNA 165 rDNA gene를 제한효소로 처리하여 그 band 양상을 조사하고자 하였다. 165 rDNA gene을 분리하기 위하여 ArkF-3, ArkR-3 primer를 사용한 결과 한국산과 중국산 피조개 모두 분자량이 720 bp band가 나타났다 PCR에 의하여 증폭된 16S rRNA gene을 총 8종류의 제한효소(PvuII, BamHI, HinfI, HaeIII, EcoRI, RsaI, Ksp221, BstX21)로 절단하여 RFLP 양상을 보았다. HinfI의 제한효소 처리 시 득량, 가막, 남해, 진해, 태안산 피조개 모두 275 band절편이 관찰되었으나, 중국산은 나타나지 않았다. HinfI를 제외한 나머지 제한효소는 다형형이 관찰되지 않았고 한국산과 중국산 모두 700 bp의 동일한 band를 보였다. HaeIII에서도 득량, 가막, 태안과 남해와 진해산 PCR product가 700 bp위치에서 상이하게 보였다. 또한 한국산과 중국산 절편이 다르게 나타났다. 한국산 피조개 종내 restriction 쇼pe에 의해 유연관계의 결과에 의하면 득량, 가막, 태안은 동일한 유사도를 보였고, 남해와 진해와는 거리가 7 정도로 나타났다. 특히 한국산과 중국산 거리는 25로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 보아서,HinfI 제한효소는 한국산과 중국산을 구별하는데 매우 유용한 molecular marker가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 유전적으로 거리가 먼 것으로 보인다. 또한 HaeIII은 한국산 종내 구분 및 중국산 신속 동정에 좋은 molecular tool로 사용될 것으로 예상된다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

복수초속 복수초절 식물 12종 1변종과 4종의 외군을 대상으로 복수초절 내 분류체계의 타당성을 검증하고 각 분류군 간의 유연관계를 규명하기 위하여 ITS 염기서열에 기초한 계통분류학적 연구를 수행하였다. 계통수 제작 결과 분석에 포함된 복수초(A. amurensis Regel et Radde) 7개체 중 일본에서 채집된 2개체가 일본 고유종인 가지복수초(A. ramosa Franch.)와 더 가까운 유연관계를 보였다. 이는 복수초가 단계통군이 아님을 말해주며, A. amurensis의 분류학적 정체성에 대한 재검토가 필요함을 암시한다. 국내에서 흔히 가지복수초로 동정되고 있는 개복수초(A. pseudoamurensis W. T. Wang)는 계통수 상에서 독자적인 그룹을 이루는 것으로 확인되었고, 따라서 개복수초를 가지복수초와 같은 종으로 보는 견해를 뒷받침하지 않았다. A. shikokuensis Nishikawa et Koji Ito, 세복수초(A. multiflora Nishikawa et Koji Ito), 및 개복수초를 대표하여 분석에 포함된 개체들은 하나의 분기군(clade)을 이루었으나 각 종은 계통수 상에서 명확히 구분되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 ser. Amurenses와 ser. Coeruleae가 다계통군을 이루거나 측계통군을 이루는 것으로 확인되었으며, 따라서 복수초절을 4개의 열(series)로 분류한 Wang의 분류체계는 타당하지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌다.