• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1800-1805
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• 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronically relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute barrier surfaces and play a critical role in maintaining gut health. Dysregulated immune responses and destruction of IECs disrupt intestinal balance. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is the most widely used chemical for inducing colitis in animals, and its treatment induces colonic inflammation, acute diarrhea, and shortening of the intestine, with clinical and histological similarity to human UC. Current treatments for this inflammatory disorder have poor tolerability and insufficient therapeutic efficacy, and thus, alternative therapeutic approaches are required. Recently, dietary supplements with probiotics have emerged as promising interventions by alleviating disturbances in the indigenous microflora in UC. Thus, we hypothesized that the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain BB12 could protect against the development of colitis in a DSS-induced mouse model of UC. In the present study, oral administration of BB12 markedly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, accompanied by reduced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$-mediated IEC apoptosis. These findings indicate that the probiotic strain BB12 can alleviate DSS-induced colitis and suggest a novel mechanism of communication between probiotic microorganisms and intestinal epithelia, which increases intestinal cell survival by modulating pro-apoptotic cytokine expression.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2004

저자들은 전신 부종을 주소로 내원한 6세 소아에서 장 조직 검사로 장 단백 소실을 유발하는 원발성 장 림프관 확장증을 확인하였고, 특별한 약물 치료 없이 medium chain triglyceride를 지방 대체 식이로 이용한 저지방, 고단백의 식이요법만으로 장 단백 소실의 호전을 보였고 증상 소실과 지속적인 성장 발달을 유지하였던 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2020

[Purpose] Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration reportedly recovers osteoporosis, a bone disorder associated with bone deficiency in postmenopausal women. However, the physiological mechanism of DHEA in osteoporosis remains elusive, especially in terms of intestinal calcium absorption. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA administration on calcium absorption in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats using an estrogen receptor antagonist. [Methods] Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=23, 6 weeks old) were randomized into three groups: OVX control group (OC, n=7), OVX with DHEA treatment group (OD, n=8), and OVX with DHEA inhibitor group (ODI, n=8) for 8 weeks. [Results] Intestinal calcium accumulation, as well as the rate of absorption, demonstrated no significant differences during the experimental period among investigated groups. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia at the proximal metaphysis was higher in the OD group than that in the OC group (p<0.05); however, BMD of the ODI group showed no significant difference from investigated groups. Furthermore, the BMD of the tibia at the diaphysis did not significantly differ among these groups. [Conclusion] We revealed that DHEA administration does not involve intestinal Ca absorption, although this treatment improves BMD levels in OVX rats. These observations indicate that the effect of DHEA on the bone in postmenopausal women is solely due to its influence on bone metabolism and not intestinal calcium absorption.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2023

Changes in the gut microbiome cause recolonization by pathogens and inflammatory responses, leading to the development of intestinal disorders. Probiotics administration has been proposed for many years to reverse the intestinal dysbiosis and to enhance intestinal health. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two newly designed probiotic mixtures, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, on two enteric pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that may cause intestinal disorders. Additionally, the study was designed to evaluate whether Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome could modulate the immune response, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and reduce gas production. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome showed superior adhesion ratios to HT-29 cells and competitively suppressed pathogen adhesion. Moreover, the probiotic mixtures decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of metabolites on growth and biofilms of pathogens. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome CFSs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, where microscopic analysis confirmed an increase in the number of dead cells and the structural disruption of pathogens. Gas chromatographic analysis of the CFSs revealed their ability to produce SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. SCFA secretion by probiotics may demonstrate their potential activities against pathogens and gut inflammation. In terms of intestinal symptoms regarding abdominal bloating and discomfort, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome also inhibited gas production. Thus, these two probiotic mixtures have great potential to be developed as dietary supplements to alleviate the intestinal disorders.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

Objectives: Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological disorder that is part of a spectrum of neuroimmunologic diseases of the central nervous system. A patient was hospitalized with intestinal pseudoobstruction(poor oral feeding, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation) secondary to Transverse myelitis. We treated her with Oriental medical approach and obtained satisfactory result. Methods: The Herbal medicine(Bihwa-eum), Acupuncture, Moxibustion therapy were applied for improving the deficiency of energy of the spleen and stomach, regulate the flow of vital energy. Results: After treatments, Patient's vomiting frequency is decreased and abdominal pain is improved and oral feeding is available. She gains in weight continuously. Conclusion: The authors thought that Bihwa-eum is effective to vomiting and abdominal pain due to intestinal pseudoobstruction. The more study is needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.80-83
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• 2008

소아 베체트병은 상당히 드문 질환으로 전체 베체트병의 약 2~3%에 해당한다. 이 중 장 점막과 관련된 경우는 2~50%까지 다양하게 보고되나, 대부분이 40~50대 성인에서 보고되는 내용이며 소아 베체트병 환자에서 장 천공이 보고된 증례는 극히 드물다. 본 증례는 4년 9개월된 남아로, 베체트병을 진단받은 후 약물 치료하며 추적 관찰 중, 지속되는 복통이 있어 시행한 대장 내시경상에 다발성 장점막 궤양이 관찰되었고, 이후 스테로이드 용량 감량하며 경과 관찰하던 중 장 천공이 발생하여 수술한 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.579-586
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• 2013

Purpose: This article provides an update and overview of a nursing research program focused on understanding the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: This review includes English language papers from the United States, Europe, and Asia (e.g., South Korea) from 1999 to 2013. We addressed IBS as a health problem, emerging etiologies, diagnostic and treatment approaches and the importance of a biopsychosocial model. Results: IBS is a chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habit (diarrhea, constipation, mixed). It is a condition for which adults, particularly women ages 20-45, seek health care services in both the United States and South Korea. Clinically, nurses play key roles in symptom prevention and management including designing and implementing approaches to enhance the patients' self-management strategies. Multiple mechanisms are believed to participate in the development and maintenance of IBS symptoms including autonomic nervous system dysregulation, intestinal inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, dietary intolerances, alterations in emotion regulation, heightened visceral pain sensitivity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation, and dysmotility. Because IBS tends to occur in families, genetic factors may also contribute to the pathophysiology. Patients with IBS often report a number of co-morbid disorders and/or symptoms including poor sleep. Conclusion: The key to planning effective management strategies is to understand the heterogeneity of this disorder. Interventions for IBS include non-pharmacological strategies such as cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation strategies, and exclusion diets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2024

Recently, the term metabiotics has emerged as a new concept of probiotics. This concept entails combining existing probiotic components with metabolic by-products improve specific physiological functionalities. Representative ingredients of these metabiotics include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacteriocins, polysaccharides, and peptides. The new concept is highly regarded as it complements the side effects of existing probiotics and is safe and easy to administer. Known health functions of metabiotics are mainly immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and brain-neurological health. Research has been actively conducted on the health benefits related to the composition of intestinal microorganisms. Among them, the focus has been on brain neurological health, which requires extensive research. This study showed that neurological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, can be treated and prevented according to the gut-brain axis theory by changing the intestinal microflora. In addition, various studies are being conducted on the immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of substances related to metabiotics of the microbiome. In particular, its efficacy is expected to be confirmed through human studies on various cancers. Therefore, developing various health functional effects of the next-generation probiotics such as metabiotics to prevent or treatment of various diseases is anticipated.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

Diagnosing Hirschprung's disease is one of the clinical challenges of this disorder. In the stomach and the intestines, Cathepsin D was readily detected in cytoplasm of the rat gastric and in intestinal ganglion cells of the autonomic nervous system. The objectives of the present study were to examine cathepsin D expression in ganglion cells of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine of children and to determine the utility of immunohistochemical staining of cathepsin D for detection of immature ganglion cells. Paraffin blocks of 35 intestinal segments were reviewed for immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibody to cathepsin D and hematoxylineosin stainings from the compatible specimens. There were 9 aganglionic segments and 9 ganglionic segments of neonates with Hirschsprung's disease, 8 intestinal segments with non-Hirschsprung's disease in neonates and 9 intestinal segments with non-Hirschsprung's disease infants over the age of 10 months. All ganglion cells showed intense granular cytoplasmic reactivity for cathepsin D regardless of maturity and all aganglionic segments had no expression for cathepsin D in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine. However, histiocytes within the laminar propria and submucosa stained positively for cathepsin D. In conclusion, intestinal ganglion cells in children have reactivity for cathepsin D, threrfore immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin D can be used for identification of ganglion cells in neonates.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the effect of needle retention(NR) and electro-acupuncture of low(EA(L)) and high(EA(H)) frequencies at $SP_6$ and Sham point in rats. Methods : Intestinal hypermotility was induced by feeding carbachol and experimental groups divided mainly into 7 groups which were normal, holder, control, acupuncture in normal state of rats, pre-treatment of acupuncture(NR, EA) in hypermotility, post-treatment of acupuncture(NR, EA) in hypermotility. We fed charcoal to them after the treatment and measured the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestinal track so that which treatment affected more in intestinal hypermotility. Results : As the following study, each acupuncture ways of EA(L) had significant effect of decreasing travel rate on intestinal hypermotility than EA(H) and NR. The comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment, pre-treatment had slight more effect than post-treatment but not significantly. There was more affected at $SP_6$ than Sham point on this study. Conclusions : There were 21 groups to find out which treatment was best to slow down the intestinal motility and $SP_6$-EA(L)-C had significant effect compared with control group at the figure than any other groups. That meant $SP_6$ had effect on gastric disorder such as intestinal hypermotility and its' effect had more prevention than cure. Further study was needed to have more precise effect of EA and $SP_6$.