• Yonsei Medical Journal
• /
• v.59 no.9
• /
• pp.1079-1087
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their coexistence is known as overlap syndrome (OS). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage of CVD; however, underlying mechanisms linking OS and CVD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether OS can lead to more severe inflammation and endothelial apoptosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, and to assess the intervention effects of antioxidant tempol. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=66) were exposed to normal oxygen [normal control (NC) group], intermittent hypoxia (IH group), cigarette smoke (CH group), as well as cigarette smoke and IH (OS group). Tempol intervention was assessed in OS group treated with tempol (OST group) or NaCl (OSN group). After an 8-week challenge, lung tissues, serum, and fresh blood were harvested for analysis of endothelial markers and apoptosis. Results: The levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and apoptosis in circulating epithelial cells were the highest in OS group and the lowest in NC group. These levels were all greater in IH group than in CH group, and were lower in OST group than in OS and OSN groups (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Synergistic effects of IH with cigarette smoke-induced emphysema produce a greater inflammatory status and endothelial apoptosis. OS-related inflammation and endothelial cell apoptosis may play important roles in promoting cardiovascular dysfunction, and antioxidant tempol could achieve a partial protective effect.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate degree of stress level in CCU patients, and to give a baseline data in developing nursing intervention program to reduce the stress. Method: Subjects of this study were the 100 hospitalized patients of C University Hospital in Seoul City from February to December 2003. The collected data was analyzed by using the SAS program: t-test, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, and ANOVA analysis were employed to find differences in stress level. Result: The highest stress factor was 'Concern', and next were 'Dependency & limitation', 'Uncertainty', 'Treatment procedure', 'Sleep disturbance', 'Environment' in order. The perceived stress level of CCU patients was 1.65 scores; the highest scored item was 'have to void urine and feces on the bed', next were 'have to use the toilet bowel lying on the bed' in order. The stress level according to characteristics of the subjects was significantly different with the marital status, the presence of religion, the hospitalized days, the economic status, and the admission experience. Conclusion: The stress level of patients in the coronary care unit was high in concern of a disease, family and economic state, in limitation and dependency, and in uncertainty about prognosis of a disease. Further researches are necessary to develop and apply the intervention method of reducing stress level of CCU patients. In addition studies on family members of CCU patients are also recommended.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2022

This study aims to study Esping-Anderson's theory of welfare state system, develop a model of welfare state suitable for Korea's situation, and apply it to reality. In this research method, basic research and analysis of ideology is used, focusing on Esping-Anderson's welfare state system theory, and applying it appropriately to the Korean situation. Studies on the model of the welfare state have been studied after the classification of complementary and institutional models asserted by Willensky and Lebo in 1965. In addition, Esping-Andersen asserts three things as a model of the welfare state according to ideology. First, the role of the market is central to the liberal welfare system that best fits the image of classical capitalism, and individualistic solidarity through the market. The role of the state or family, which can be a hindrance, is actually marginalized. In addition, in order to maximize individualistic solidarity through the market, de-commodification in the national domain tends to be minimized. Second, the conservative welfare system has a strong familistic element, so the source of social solidarity is the family, and the state plays a role of supporting and supplementing the characteristics of this family. In the conservative system, de-commodification appears to be high among household heads, or the welfare system takes on a corporatist and nationalistic form, it can be said that these characteristics are reflected. Third, in the social democratic welfare system, the source of social solidarity is the state. Therefore, the role of the state is large, the state has a high possibility of decommodification, and it has the characteristics of substitutes for the family and the market through universalist intervention. This study applies Esping-Anderson's three welfare state models to study a model suitable for the Korean situation. In conclusion, Esping-Anderson's three welfare state models can be classified into a market-oriented model based on a liberal welfare system, a status-oriented model based on a conservative corporatist welfare system, and a solidarity-oriented model based on a social-democratic welfare system, presented a compromise between liberalism and conservatism as a Korean model.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.10.1-10.10
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this paper was to review the problems relating to Korea's occupational health services and suggest ways to improve them. Korea can be classified as a welfare state type of conservative corporatism partially interwoven with liberalism. While experiencing compressed economic growth, the economic sectors of developed (excess areas) and developing (deficient areas) countries are interwoven. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect conservative corporatism along with a complementary reinforcement of liberal contents and to apply a multilayered approach focusing on complementing the deficient areas. It is essential to form a national representative indicator related to occupational health, and a strategy for selection and concentration is needed. The proposed central indicator is the occupational health coverage rate (OHCR), which is the number of workers who have applied for mandatory occupational health services under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in the numerator with the total working population in the denominator. This paper proposes ways to raise the OHCR, which is currently at the level of 25%-40%, to 70%-80%, which is the level of Japan, Germany, and France. To achieve this target, it is necessary to focus on small businesses and vulnerable workers. This is an area of market failure and requires the active input of community-oriented public resources. For access to larger workplaces, the marketability of services should be strengthened and personal intervention using digital health resources should be actively attempted. Taking a national perspective, work environment improvement committees with tripartite (labor, management, and government) participation for improvement of the working environment need to be established at the center and in the regions. Through this, prevention funds linked to industrial accident compensation and prevention could be used efficiently. A national chemical substance management system must be established to monitor the health of workers and the general public.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2018

This study was designed to provide basic data for developing exercise program that helps correcting posture by knowing the effect of strengthening and elongation exercises of upper extremity muscle to forward head posture correction. In this study determined subjects whether they had forward head posture or not. On the basis of the New York state posture rating, if a subject's posture is match up with the normal standard posture, gives 5 points and if the posture is slightly get out of the normal standard posture, gives 3 points and if the posture is apparently get out of the standard, gives 1 points. When determining the forward head posture, if talus, humerus and outer ear center are on the same line, it is determined as normal and if outer ear center is off the line less than 1.0cm, it is a slight deformation and if outer ear center is off the line more than 1.0cm, it is a high deformation. In the study selected people who have more than 1 cm gap between two vertical lines start from outer ear center and acromion separately as subjects. Length between the ideal alignment line measured by using goniometer and temporal region showed statistically significant decrease as $2.36{\pm}1.07cm$ before the intervention and $1.06{\pm}0.88cm$ after the intervention. After 4 weeks of neck and chest extensor muscle exercise, the group who exercised both showed increase in range of neck joint motion and neck flexion of the forward head posture. Meanwhile the group who only exercised neck extensor muscle only and the group who only exercised chest extensor muscle didn't showed statistically significant result. That only the group who exercised both muscles showed significant result is the different with studies before. Because this study didn't target patient who had a lesion, couldn't compare effect of the conservative manner and exercise. However, this study provides the fact that the group who exercised both neck and chest muscle had more effect than the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study is to identify how eye movement influences the static balance and fall efficacy of the elderly who have experienced fall-related injuries. Methods: Thirty nine elderly who scored 24 points in the Korean mini mental state examination, were able to walk, and had no specific disease, were selected as the research subjects among elderly who have experienced fall-related injury more than once in the past year. Thus, 20 for the experimental group, and 19 for the control group were selected as subjects. The experiment was conducted for 6 weeks, including periods of evaluation before and after intervention. Results: The results with respect to the dependent variables are as follows: Substitute sample t-testing showed significant differences between each group in eye movement to check difference in balance performance and fall efficacy. When independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare static balancing performance and fall efficacy between the two groups after intervention, they showed significant differences in statistical terms (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the above results of the study, it was found that the application of eye movement combined with diverse fall prevention programs is effective, when enhancing static balance performance power and improving fall efficacy.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to test the effects of the Muscles Along Meridians Release Therapy on the function of upper limb as a means of nursing intervention. Method: The design used for this study was quasi - experimental with a nonequivalent control group pretest - post test design. The subjects were 40 stroke patients who were admitted in K oriental medical center of K University. This study was carried out from 6, May to 18, October, 2003. The experimental group (21) and the control group (19) were assigned by means of Participation order. The experimental group took Muscles Along Meridians Release Therapy on affected upper limb for 3 minutes daily for 2 weeks. Outcome were assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale, VAS, Fugl - Meyer score and goniometer. Data were analysed by SPSS PC. Result: After 2 weeks of treatment, function of affected upper limb, elbow joint spasticity were significantly better than control group, but, there was no significant difference in pain between experimental group and control group. Conclusion: The above results state that the Muscles Along Meridians Released Therapy could be an effective intervention for improving upper limb function and elbow joint spasticity of stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: Many studies have reported the improvement of cognition through physical activity among subject with dementia. This study aimed to whether the current studies supports that physical activity intervention is efficacious on cognitive performance in subject with dementia. METHODS: Two independent reviewers searched National assembly library, RISS, KISS (2005-2015) using the concepts of dementia, exercise, and physical activity. We included randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of physical activity in subject with dementia. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect sizes cognition with CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 2.2.064) soft-ware program. Nine randomized controlled trials were included, providing data from 133 individuals and excluding those failing to criteria of this study. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that physical activity intervention had a rather small effect sizes of 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.14-0.59) on cognition performance in subject with dementia. Outcome measurement were MMSE-K (Mini-mental state examination Korean version) and LOCTA (Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment). We found heterogeneous among studies and there was difference between the studies (Q = 19.63, d(f)=12, $I^2= 38.88$). CONCLUSION: The present analysis suggests that physical activity interventions have the low effect sizes on cognition performance in subject with dementia Further studies will be required to develop the various programs for improving the cognitive performance in subject with dementia.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.613-620
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the current state and trends of health literacy research conducted on female marriage immigrant in South Korea over the past 10 years. A total of 107 related studies were searched through the web database, and 10 of them that met the inclusion criteria were finally analyzed. Most of the studies conducted in the healthcare fields such as nursing. Of the 9 studies were descriptive study, and there were no intervention studies. Most of studies involving women from main country of origin such as Vietnam, China, and the Philippines, and many studies conducted convenience sampling of less than 200 subjects from some regions for reasons such as accessibility. As a tool for measuring health literacy, KHLAT was most frequently used. For future research, collaborative research with healthcare fields and other fields through interdisciplinary interaction is necessary, and a circumstance in which field workers actively participate in research should be prepared. In addition, further studies including larger sample and community-based intervention improve health literacy are needed. Finally, efforts to improve the methodological consistency in the application of health literacy tools and to develop standardized instruments are required.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.24-41
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The aim of this integrative review was to describe communication experiences and needs among the critically ill with an artificial airway and evaluate relevant intervention studies. Methods : Using the method employed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005), we searched for papers on PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science published from January 1, 2015 to September 25, 2020. A total of 26 papers (11 descriptive studies, 15 experimental ones) were identified and evaluated. Results : Communication experiences while having an artificial airway, identified either by patients' recall or direct observation, were predominantly negative. However, positive experiences were reported in patients with improvements in physical conditions and functions. Patients' communication needs were diverse, encompassing physical, psycho-emotional, social, spiritual, and medical issues. Interventions tested included alternative and augmentative communication strategies, communication intervention packages, and voice restorative devices. Physical, psychosocial, and communication-related patient outcomes were evaluated using various methods including self-report surveys, interviews, and observations. Conclusions : The findings from this review represent the state of science regarding communication of the critically ill whose vocal abilities are inhibited by the presence of an artificial airway. Future studies with rigorous experimental designs and measures are warranted to better understand and support the complex needs of this highly vulnerable patient population.