• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : This study aims to examine effects of trunk strengthening exercise in three rigid cerebral palsy adolescents aged between 11 and 13 on their spinal segments and gait. Methods : 2A trunk strengthening program for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was made focusing on improvement in their school life and mental and social activities during their school years, and then trunk strengthening exercise was applied to the three subjects for 30 minutes five times per week for four weeks. With the subjects in a static state, each group's gait analysis was made and maximum anterior flexion, maximum extension, maximum left and right lateral flexion, and cross rotation of the trunk were measured using Sonosens (Germany) prior to and after the intervention. Results : Assessment of spinal segment mobility with the subjects in a static state showed that the trunk muscle strengthening exercise increased their maximum joint movement angles from the right side to the center and rotational abilities of the cervical and lumbar spines. Gait analysis indicated increased movements in the thoracic and lumbar spines and relatively decreased anterior-posterior movement of the cervical spine. Conclusion : Trunk strengthening program is effective in enhancing spinal segment mobility and balance ability of cerebral palsy adolescents and considered able to be used together with diverse treatment interventions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1451-1460
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• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the premature infants' responses to infant massage (tactile and kinesthetic stimulation). These responses measured by weight, physiological (vagal tone, heart rate, oxygen saturation) and behavioral responses (behavioral states, motor activities, and behavioral distress). Methods. This study was conducted using an equivalent control pretest-posttest design. The sample was divided into two groups of 13 infants with gestational age less than 36 weeks at birth, birth weight less than 2000g, and no congenital anomalies. The experimental group received the massage intervention twice daily for 10 days. The data were collected for 10 minutes prior to and 10 minutes after the massage. Results. The vagal tone was significantly higher after massage than before massage in the experimental group, while no change in the control group. The experimental group had significantly higher scores for awake state and motor activity than the control group. Significantly greater awake state, more fidgeting or crying, and increased motor activity were reported after massage than before massage. Conclusions. The results of this study showed that massage therapy might enhance optimal physiological responses and behavioral organization of premature infants. Nursing staff in the NICU can use massage to promote the infant's capability to respond positively to his environment and to provide developmental support for healthy premature infants.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.48-54
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• 2023

Nowadays, a blind man finds it very difficult to cross the roads. They should be very vigilant with every step they take. To resolve this problem, Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) is a best method to analyse the data and automate the model without intervention of human being. In this work, a traffic signal recognition system is designed using CNN for the visually impaired. To provide a safe walking environment, a voice message is given according to light state and timer state at that instance. The developed model consists of two phases, in the first phase the CNN model is trained to classify different images captured from traffic signals. Common Objects in Context (COCO) labelled dataset is used, which includes images of different classes like traffic lights, bicycles, cars etc. The traffic light object will be detected using this labelled dataset with help of object detection model. The CNN model detects the color of the traffic light and timer displayed on the traffic image. In the second phase, from the detected color of the light and timer value a text message is generated and sent to the text-to-speech conversion model to make voice guidance for the blind person. The developed traffic light recognition model recognizes traffic light color and countdown timer displayed on the signal for safe signal crossing. The countdown timer displayed on the signal was not considered in existing models which is very useful. The proposed model has given accurate results in different scenarios when compared to other models.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.509-521
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to define factors influencing learned helplessness in undergraduates. Independent variables including external entrapment, internal entrapment, social support, trait anger, state anger, and anger expression were used to predict learned helplessness. Methods: Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. A total of 241 undergraduates recruited from September to November 2012 were included in the study. Results: Four factors of learned helplessness were founded to show significant correlation with external entrapment, internal entrapment, social support, trait anger, state anger and anger expression. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 64% of the variance in learned helplessness was significantly accounted for by internal entrapment, social support and anger expression. Conclusion: This study showed that perceived entrapment and social support are important predictors of learned helplessness. Therefore, in order to reduce learned helplessness in undergraduates, it is necessary to design an intervention program with strategies to help in coping with and reducing perceived entrapments.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.20-39
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• 2020

In order to overturn the exclusion of Korean schools from the newly implemented free tuition program (2010) as part of sanctions against North Korea, members of Korean schools and Japanese supporters have focused on "students' innocence" and "multicultural coexistence" as viable frameworks to explain why the students are sympathetic and legitimate subjects who deserve equal rights. Examining different political strategies employed by the Korean schools and their supporters through ethnography and media analysis, the article pays close attention to how they claim their eligibility for these rights while they negotiate state surveillance and intervention in the process. I argue that in their efforts to gain recognition as deserving and sympathetic subjects, Korean schools are trapped in what political theorist Patchen Markell calls a "permanent temptation" in pursuing "recognition." Anti-North Korea sentiments in Japan have made the desire for good recognition even more urgent among Korean school community members. The paper will demonstrate that the search for recognition unwittingly reinforces and perpetuates existing relations of subordination and state dominance over their education as it has forced the Korean schools to accept various "conditions" that would radically alter the core principle, mission, and pedagogy of Korean school education that is rooted in decolonizing theory and praxis. This paper will shed lights on dilemma of multicultural coexistence the Korean minority population faces in Japan today.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.321-331
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• 2015

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to identify the effect of structured information on immediate preoperative anxiety and uncertainty for women undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: Sixty women who were admitted for total laparoscopic hysterectomy were recruited at a university hospital in Gyeonggi-do from June to October 2014. Thirty women were assigned to either the experimental or the control group. Women in the experimental group were provided structured information, which consisted of visual and auditory materials about surgical preparation and process, practical experience on devices such as IV-PCA pump and Inspiro-meter and actual experience on route to go to the operating room. State-anxiety, uncertainty, and blood pressure and pulse rate as biological indicators were measured before and after the intervention to examine the effect. Results: Significant group differences were found on state anxiety, uncertainty, including ambiguity, inconsistency, and unpredictability at the holding area. There was a significant difference on pulse rate in the operating room between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that the structured information provided for women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy preoperatively was effective on immediate preoperative anxiety and uncertainty. Nurses may contribute to decreasing patients' anxiety and uncertainty by utilizing this structured information preoperatively.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to assess relationships among the uncertainty, medical staff's support, and anxiety perceived by family members with cancer patients while the family members were waiting for their patients undergoing surgery. Method: The data were collected from the family members of cancer patients who were undergoing surgery in D University Hospital at B city from February 1 to April 12, 2005. The used instruments were the State Anxiety Scale of Spielberger's(1975) STAI, Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS)(1981), and Relationship Questionnaires (Lee, 1978). The collected data was analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: As the result, the most influential variable explaining anxiety of family members was uncertainty $({\ss}=0.37)$, followed by perceived illness state $({\ss}=-0.27)$. These two variables simultaneously explained 29.3% of the variance in anxiety. Conclusion: We suggest to develop a nursing intervention program to reduce the uncertainty through the medical staff's support and o test its effects.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2022

What is the relationship between city diplomacy and public diplomacy in the United States? Whilst this question is often raised among scholars and practitioners of public diplomacy, a concrete and systematic response to it seems difficult to locate. This paper addresses the question by relying on earlier research based on empirical analysis of data from semi-structured interviews with city officials with international purview in the United States as well as with current and former officials at the U.S. Department of State who have worked on topics related to city diplomacy. The research and analysis that informs this paper and the diagrams it offers are hinged on design principles and adopt an architecture studio style approach to data analysis. Further, multidimensional scaling and correspondence analysis are used to visualize the convergence and divergence between the functions of public diplomacy, as introduced by Nicholas Cull, and the functions of city diplomacy that this paper introduces. This is done to first, provide a framework for understanding the dynamics between city diplomacy and public diplomacy; and second, uncover the policy intervention space that could guide policies for making U.S. city diplomacy and public diplomacy more strategically aligned.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2023

Objective: In patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, air insoles are used to investigate functionality and pain changes in the temporomandibular joint when walking in daily life. Intervention: Sixty-five patients with temporomandibular joint disorder were recruited: 34 as a control group who walked more than 7,000 steps a day in daily life, and 31 as an experimental group who were instructed to take at least 7,000 steps every day while wearing their air insoles. Measurements: To determine the effects of air insoles on temporomandibular joint pain, steady-state pain, maximum mouth opening, average pain, and the most severe pain were measured before and after the experiment. In addition, to evaluate functionality, the ability to open the mouth in a comfortable state, pain when opening the mouth, and the point of sound and maximum degree to which the mouth could be opened were evaluated before and after the experiment. Results: Pain, mouth openness, and sound points showed significant differences from the control group after the experiment, and the maximum mouth opening range showed no significant difference. Conclusion: When air insoles were used by patients with temporomandibular joint disorder, the functionality of the temporomandibular joint was improved and pain was decreased.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to survey and examine the relationship of family strengths, family function, ego-identity and depression in adolescence in Busan, and to provide basic data for a health promoting intervention to improve their family health. Method: Data were collected from four colleges in Busan and, 680 students were enrolled in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for family strengths was 3.58, family function 4.31, ego-identity 55.4 and depression 17.9. The scores for family strengths differed significantly according to subjective social economic state and father's job, parent's religion, parent's marital status and family composition. The scores for family function differed significantly according to parent's religion, parent's marital status and subjective social economic state. The scores for ego-identity differed according to mother's education level, parent's religion, parent's marital status and family composition. There were a positive correlations between family strengths and family function, between family strengths and ego-identity, between family function and ego-identity. There were negative correlations between family strengths and depression, between family function and depression, between ego-identity and depression. Conclusion: In order to promote ego-identity and to decrease depression in adolescence, it is necessary to develop supporting interventions to develop family strengths.