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An English School of International Relations Approach to Public Diplomacy: A Public Diplomacy Framework for Global Governance Issues

  • Ayhan, Kadir Jun
    • Journal of Public Diplomacy
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2022
  • Throughout the six decades evolution of the public diplomacy concept, international relations approaches have remained at the margins of the field. An important international relations theory that has been virtually non-existent in the public diplomacy literature is the English School of international relations. This theory has been the centerpiece of literature in diplomatic studies, but curiously, has not been applied to public diplomacy. In this editorial, I outline a public diplomacy framework for global governance issues that builds on the English School and Pamment's framework on the intersection of international development and public diplomacy.

Genotypes of Echinococcus Species from Cattle in Tanzania

  • Bia, Mohammed Mebarek;Choe, Seongjun;Ndosi, Barakaeli Abdieli;Park, Hansol;Kang, Yeseul;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Nath, Tilak Chandra;Kim, Sunmin;Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu;Lee, Dongmin;Eom, Keeseon S.
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.59 no.5
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    • pp.457-464
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    • 2021
  • Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus species. Tanzania is one of the endemic countries with cystic echinococcosis. This study focussed on identifying genotypes of Echinococcus spp. in Tanzania. We collected 7 cysts from cattle in Mwanza municipal (n=4) and Loliondo district (n=3). The cysts from Mwanza were all E. ortleppi and fertile. In contrast, the cysts from Loliondo were all E. granulosus sensu stricto and sterile. Two from the 4 cysts were a new haplotype of E. ortleppi (G5). These results can improve the preventive and control programs for humans and livestock in Tanzania. To our knowledge, this study is considered the first to identify the genotype and haplotype of Echinococcus spp. in Tanzania.