• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.629-636
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• 2020

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that affect foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. We consider the variables of external debt, exchange rate, inflation, and exports as explanatory factors referring to previous studies. We apply the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to time-series data retrieved from the Central Bank of Indonesia (BI), the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and International Monetary Funds (IMF) from January 2016 to December 2018. Our results show that foreign debt, exchange rates, inflation, and exports significantly affect the simultaneous fluctuation of foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. Partially, foreign debt has a significant and positive effect on foreign exchange reserves. The exchange rate has a significant and negative effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. However, our findings explain that inflation does not significantly affect foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia, and exports have a significant and positive effect on foreign exchange reserves. This study is expected to be useful to policymakers in managing foreign exchange reserves, so the economy of Indonesia can grow sustainably. One of the exciting things in this study lies in the model that uses the Autoregressive Distributed Log, which can explain long-term relationships through adjusted coefficient and cointegration tests.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.607-616
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• 2021

The European Union Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) took effect on August 1 paving the way for increased trade between the EU and Vietnam; this marked a huge turning point for the Vietnamese economy. Agriculture products, especially fruits, must be listed when it comes to Vietnam export industries that profit the most from EVFTA. After a period of study, with the desire to contribute to the improvement in the efficiency of Vietnam's agricultural products to the EU, the researchers want to assess the impact of the EVFTA on the flows of Vietnamese fruits to the EU market. The study uses a quantitative analysis method via the WITS-SMART model with data on export turnover and tariff reductions in parallel with the analysis of changes in factors affecting the trade flows of fruits between the two markets when the EVFTA takes effect. As a result, Vietnam's fruit importing from the EU is expected to escalate by 29.18% in 2021, while the flow of export will only inch up by 0.955%, which is rather low compare to the increase in import value. Hence, effective policies must be introduced in Vietnam to innovate production methods and increase product quality, so that the EVFTA can be used to boost Vietnam's fruit exports to the EU.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.172-180
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• 2024

Since the beginning of 2015, corporate social responsibility (CSR) models have been changing in connection with the trend towards the transition of joint value creation of corporate activities and consideration of stakeholders' interests. The purpose of the academic paper lies in empirically studying the current practice of social responsibility of transnational corporations (TNCs). The research methodology has combined the method of qualitative analysis, the method of cases of agricultural holdings in emerging markets within the framework of resource theory, institutional theory and stakeholders' theory. The results show that the practice of CSR is integrated into the strategy of sustainable development of TNCs, which determine the methods, techniques and forms of communication, as well as areas of stakeholders' responsibility. The internal practice of CSR is aimed at developing norms and standards of moral behaviour with stakeholders in order to maximize economic and social goals. Economic goals are focused not only on making a profit, but also on minimizing costs due to the potential risks of corruption, fraud, conflict of interest. The system of corporate social responsibility of modern TNCs is clearly regulated by internal documents that define the list of interested parties and stakeholders, their areas of responsibility, greatly simplifying the processes of cooperation and responsibility. As a result, corporations form their own internal institutional environment. Ethical norms help to avoid the risks of opportunistic behaviour of personnel, conflicts of interest, cases of bribery, corruption, and fraud. The theoretical value of the research lies in supplementing the theory of CSR in the context of the importance of a complex, systematic approach to integrating the theory of resources, institutional theory, theory of stakeholders in the development of strategies for sustainable development of TNCs, the practice of corporate governance and social responsibility.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.471-501
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• 2021

We measure Environmental Efficiency (EE) based on CO₂ in four income groups from 1998 to 2018, using the Meta Stochastic Frontier Analysis method by Input Distance Function. Our results showed that economic growth and energy consumption would increase carbon dioxide emissions, and increasing labor and capital input will reduce it. Moreover, we compared Group Environmental Efficiency (GEE), Meta Environmental Efficiency (MEE), and Environmental Gap Ratio (EGR). The results showed that GEEs were be overestimated. Furthermore, the MEE showed a downward trend during this period. The lower-middle-income group had the highest EGR performance. High-income and upper-middle-income groups showed less efficiency in MEE and EGR. To improve environmental efficiency, we must reduce fossil fuels and find more scientific and technological ways to solve existing environmental problems as soon as possible.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

The article substantiates the feasibility of using and actively implementing innovative technologies in the practice of organizing the educational process. The need for the use of telecommunication technologies, which provide constant communication between students and the teacher outside the classroom, has been identified. Particular attention is paid to the latest approaches to the use of various forms of multimedia technologies in student education, which intensify the process of acceptance and assimilation of educational material by foreign students. The advantages of using innovative means of distance education are determined, which thanks to modern electronic educational systems allow students to receive quality higher education. Innovative technologies promote the development of cognitive interest in students, they learn to systematize and summarize the material studied, discuss and debate. In this regard, the reorientation of the system of higher education in Europe towards innovation is becoming the most important tool in ensuring the competitiveness of graduates in the labor market. In addition, the investment attractiveness of a university often depends on the innovative nature of the development of scientific, educational and practical activities of the subjects of the educational process, their inclusion in the national innovation system. The article analyzes that in the universities of the European Union in the training of specialists in the management of basic interactive methods, forms and tools are binary lecture, briefing, webinar, video conference, video lecture, virtual consultation, virtual tutorial, slide lecture, comp. utheric tests. Various classes on slide technology took active forms during the training of management specialists.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Purpose - Currently, the economic globalization has become a common channel for China's enterprise to perform the international economic activities. Due to this background, this paper tries to analyze the influence of internationalization level on operation performance of enterprises. Research design, data, and Methodology - This paper aims at 296 companies going listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The data about the listed companies during the 12 years from 2005 to 2016 have been collected. Relevant theories, including the theory of comparative advantage, monopolistic advantage and product life cycle in developed countries as well as the small scale technology and state on localized technological capacities in developing countries, have been summarized to provide theoretical basis for the influence of international operation on operation performance of the enterprises. Moreover, the current status of international operation of China's enterprises, including the dynamic cause of the internationalization of China's enterprises, its competitive advantage and disadvantage as well as the interest and potential risk of the internationalization, have been also analyzed. Results - Via adopting the panel data to conduct an empirical analysis, It can be found that the relationship between international operation level and operation performance of China's enterprises can be expressed as the S-curve of declining, rising and declining again. Conclusions - This paper has taken the lead in using Ohlson corporate value model to fill the gap in the relevant researches in China. It can also provide guidance for the international operation of China's enterprises. Meanwhile, the two systems for international operation and performance evaluation index have been put forward. The performance of international operation can be classified as financial performance or corporate value so that the operation effect of those China's enterprises going abroad can be better evaluated.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2014

This study critically appraised the accumulated articles based on the critical science perspective on Korea's home economics education. The 55 articles published from 1993 to 2011 were identified and placed into three categories: Critical science paradigm, practical problem-focused curriculum, and systems of action. The common result across categories was that some authors did not fully understand the concepts of practice, a practical problem-focused curriculum, the practical reasoning process, and the systems of action. A positive outcome of including a critical science perspective in the Korean national curriculum will be seen when systems supporting this perspective, such as those providing more specific information on a critical science perspective and the relevant textbook accreditation standards, are available. We present a proposal based on considerations of a national curriculum, teacher education, relevant philosophical perspectives, and classroom practice.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.61-80
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• 1977

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1992.12a
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• pp.5-32
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• 1992

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-51
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• 1993