• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.47-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of an internal family systems therapy program aimed at increasing ego-identity of middle-aged women. The objectives of this program were for middle-aged women to differentiate the self of internal systems, to identify constraints impinging on an individual part, to release constraints impinging on an individual part, to harmonize the internal family, and to enhance ego-identity. 31 middle-aged women ranged in age from 40 to 60. Two groups were identified as equivalents for the study in the pre-test. The program of this experimental group was implemented twice a week for 120 minutes per each session over a 6-week period. The pre-test(Aug. 29. 2006), the post-test(Oct. 20. 2006) and the follow-up test(Nov. 20. 2006) were implemented in order to verify the effectiveness of the programs. The participants who were absent more than three times in the program were excluded from the post-test and follow-up test. Eventually, the data in 31 persons(15 for the internal family systems therapy, 16 for the control group) were analyze to verify the effectiveness of the program. The instruments used in the study were the ego-identity scale. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, simple main effect, post-hoc t-test, means and standard deviations. And the program was from Sep. 5. to Oct. 20. 2006. The findings of the study were as follows: The internal family systems therapy program had significant effects on enhancing the ego-identity. There was a large increase of the ego-identity in the intervention group, compared with control group at post treatment and follow-up after 1 month which indicated the continuity of intervention effect. However, in the control group, there were no changes according to the time.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse the factor of the variables that contributed to the ego-identity of middle-aged women. The subjects were 751 middle-aged women whose age was from 40 to 60 years old. The instruments used in the study were the assessments of ego-identity, self-differentiation, and internal systems. The data were analysed by using pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings were as follows; (1) In the result of the analysis about relationships with ego-identity, the ego-identity was positively correlated with self-differentiation and the self of internal systems and negatively correlated with the parts of internal systems; (2) Predictors of ego-identity of the middle-aged women ordered occupation type, the level of education, cognitive-emotional function, self integration, family projection process, self, pleasing/abandoned part, and self-harming part. Based on these results, the recommendations for the future research in this area were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify internal marketing activity, emotional labor and work-family conflict that influence turn-over in hospital nurses. Methods: Participants were 513 nurses from 2 general hospitals in Chung-nam and Gyeonggi Provinces, South Korea. Data were collected from September 1 to 30, 2011 using self-report questionnaires. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify association between variables. Results: The mean score for internal marketing activity was $94.7{\pm}14.7$, emotional labor, $31.4{\pm}5.5$, work-family conflict, $19.6{\pm}4.1$, and turn-over, $13.7{\pm}3.4$. After adjusting for general characteristics, stepwise multiple regression showed that work-family conflict (${\beta}=.20$, p<.001), marketing activity (${\beta}=-.21$, p<.001), and emotional labor (${\beta}=.22$, p<.001) were associated with turn-over. These predictors accounted for 33% of variance in turn-over. Conclusion: The results of this study show that work-family conflict was the most influential predictor indicating a need for the development of strategies to reduce work-family conflict and emotional labor. At the same time internal marketing activity should be supported in the hospital by analyzing the needs for nurses. Also career development programs and mentor systems will be useful for effective manpower management and quality improvement of nursing services.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.7 s.221
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• pp.141-152
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• 2006

This study explores the social-cultural adjustments of North Korean defectors with respect to their self-esteem and internal attribution. The data were obtained from a survey of 195 North Korean defectors who had recently entered South Korea. The respondents had moderate difficulties in their social-cultural adjustment consisting of social activity restriction, discrimination, and social exclusion. Their social-cultural adjustment was positively associated with internal attribution. Those with internal attribution tended to have fewer problems in adjusting to the social systems and culture of South Korea. The findings of this study imply that psychological resources play a role in enhancing the social-cultural adjustment of North Korean defectors.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2019

Background: Workforce health is one of the primary and most challenging issues, particularly in industrialized countries. This article aims at modeling the major factors affecting accidents in the workplace, including general health, work-family conflict, effort-reward imbalance, and internal and external locus of control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company in Iran. A total of 450 participants were divided into two groups-control and case-and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a 7-part questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos software. Results: All the studied variables had a significant relationship with the accident proneness. In the case group, general health with a coefficient of -0.37, worke-family conflict with 0.10, effort-reward imbalance with 0.10, internal locus of control with -0.07, and external locus of control with 0.40 had a direct effect on occupational stress. Occupational stress also had a positive direct effect on accident proneness with a coefficient of 0.47. In addition, fitness indices of control group showed general health (-0.35), worke-family conflict (0.36), effort-reward imbalance (0.13), internal locus of control (-0.15), and external locus of control (0.12) have a direct effect on occupational stress. Besides, occupational stress with a coefficient of 0.09 had a direct effect on accident proneness. Conclusion: It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as work-family conflict, effort-reward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and, consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.229-234
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• 2019

This study is an empirical study to examine how the family-friendly corporate culture affects organizational commitment and job performance for ICT companies in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of family-friendly culture of ICT companies on the organizational commitment and job performance of their employees. To this end, the impacts of internal factors of family-friendly corporate culture on their organizational commitment and job performance of the employees of ICT companies in South Korean are empirically analyzed. And the findings of the empirical investigation are as follows: Family-friendly Organizational culture and Family-Friendly Welfare System have positive effects on the organizational commitment, and Organizational commitment, in return, has positive effects on the job performance. But the Family-friendly working environment is found to have NO significant effects on the Organizational commitment. These results confirm the characteristics of workers who prefer family-friendly welfare systems with economic rewards rather than formal family-friendly programs.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the parenting experience of fathers in single parent families as well as comprehensively determining their parenting experiences and the various parenting resources and support systems that have emerged in the process. The subjects were five divorced fathers who had not remarried and had been raising their children on their own. This qualitative case study involved data collect through in-depth interviews. The inter-case analyses derived two topics, five categories, and 17 concepts related to the issues of interest. The results indicated, that, first, there was "psychological confusion in the early stages of parenting" because of the sudden onset of this responsibility after divorce. Second, in the parenting experience, the fathers felt that "family survival was at stake". Third the support systems that the fathers had in raising single parent families were "social resources" made available through workplaces, acquaintances, institutions, and the government. Such systems also took the form of "family resources" including brothers and parents. An "internal resource" was the presence of children along with psychological sources of support, such as responsibility and the satisfaction experienced by the fathers through parenting. This study, uncovered the reality, resources, and support systems of fathers in single families. It is meaningful in that it will serve as a basis for supporting practical measures and educational interventions for fathers in single-parent households.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

ISO 9001, quality management system, is widely known as advancing internal efficiency and productivity in various industry. As a result, the number of companies that have adopted ISO 9001's certification have been increasing continuously year by year since ISO 9000' family standard was published in 1987s. This fact shows that a lot of businesses are trying to get the accreditation for improving the competitiveness of quality. The purpose of this study is to present that ISO 9001's certification motives affect to the requirement's implementation and show that the execution of requirements influences on management performance in the small manufacturer. In order to carry out this research, we obtained 96 survey sheets and inspected twenty assumptions based on the reliability, validity of the questionnaires. The results of regression analysis are summarized as follows; First, the factors of certification motive influence on the requirement's implementation except resources management. Second, the two elements of ISO 9001 requirement, resources management and product realization, have an important effect on the operational performance and financial performance considerably in the companies that choose the internal motive. Finally, the two requisites of ISO 9001 requirement, resources management and measurement, analysis and improvement, affect to the operational performance and financial performance significantly in the businesses that select the external motive. Based on the results, the companies that choose the internal motive have a good performance to execute the ISO 9001 requirements. Also, to implement the requirements of ISO 9001 is helpful for the companies to produce the operational and financial performance.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2012

$Dendronephthya$ $castanea$ Utinomi, 1952 is a member of the family Nephtheidae, and dominates shallow waters adjacent to the southern part of Jejudo Island, Korea. This species is a gonochoric internal brooder with a sex ratio of 1:1, and releases planulae around the time of the full and new moon from July to September, when the seawater temperature peaks. The gametogenic cycle is annual, and oogenesis (12 months) is longer than spermatogenesis (4-5 months). No difference in reproductive features including sexuality, sex ratio, gametogenesis and gametogenic cycles was found between the sympatric species $D.$ $castanea$ and $D.$ $gigantea$, and there was no temporal reproductive isolation. Investigation of the morphological taxonomy and molecular biology of these species indicates that they have very similar or identical traits, suggesting an absence of speciation and a need for taxonomic reclassification.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2023

Erysiphe chloranthi is the only powdery mildew species (Erysiphaceae) found on Chloranthus plants belonging to the family Chloranthaceae. This species has long been known to be present in Japan and Korea and is hence regarded as endemic to East Asia. Examination of seven Korean specimens revealed detailed morphological characteristics of the holomorph of this species. Short foot-cells of conidiophores are proposed as key characteristics that differ from related species. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and large subunit gene retrieved from four Korean samples confirm the phylogenetic position of this species within the Erysiphe aquilegiae complex. These data may help elucidate the identity of this species and clarify the ambiguity of the E. aquilegiae complex.