• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2006

Artificial graphite generally manufactured by carbonization sintering of shape-body of kneaded mixture using granular cokes as filler and pitch as binder, going through pitch impregnation process if necessary and finally applying graphitization heat treatment. Graphite materials are used for core internal structural components of the High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR) because of their excellent heat resistibility and resistance of crack progress. The HTGR has a core consisting of an array of stacked graphite fuel blocks are machined from IG-110, a high-strength, fine-grained isotropic graphite. In this study, crack stabilization and micro-structures were measured by bend strength and fracture toughness of isotropic graphite grade IG-110. It is important to the reactor designer as they may govern the life of the graphite components and hence the life of the reactor. It was resulted crack propagation, bend strength, compressive strength and micro-structures of IG-110 graphite by scanning electron microscope and universal test machine.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.215-220
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• 1999

Concrete micro-cracks that are grown while the structures are under construction or in service, propagate gradually or rapidly by external forces and environmental effects. As described above, almost concrete structures generally have cracks, so for the safety and durability of structures, studies to detect cracks using nondestructive tests have been treated in great deal. The purpose of this study is to evaluate characteristics of AE signals detected from notched concrete beams bending test with different loading using one of nondestructive test, Acoustic Emission (AE) method. Furthermore this study predicts the location of initial crack and measures direction of crack propagation for on-line monitoring before the crack really grows in structures by using two-dimensional AE source location based on rectangular method with three-point bending test. This will allow efficient maintenance of concrete structures through monitoring of internal cracking based on acoustic emission method.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

Compressive ability is one of the most important mechanical properties of concrete material. The compressive failure process of concrete is pretty complex with internal tension, shear damage and friction between cracks. To simulate the complex fracture process of concrete at meso level, methodology for meso-structural analysis of concrete specimens is developed; the zero thickness cohesive elements are pre-inserted to simulate the crack initiation and propagation; the constitutive applied in cohesive element is established to describe the mechanism of crack separation, closure and friction behavior between the fracture surfaces. A series of simulations were carried out based on the model proposed in this paper. The results reproduced the main fracture and mechanical feature of concrete under compression condition. The effect of key material parameters, structure size, and aggregate content on the concrete fracture pattern and loading carrying capacities was investigated. It is found that the inner friction coefficient has a significant influence on the compression character of concrete, the compression strength raises linearly with the increase of the inner friction coefficient, and the fracture pattern is sensitive to the mesostructure of concrete.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1992

The effect of grain size on the time-dependent piezoelectrice degradation of a poled PZT of MPB composition Pb0.988Sr0.012 (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 with 2.4 mol% of Nb2O5 was studied, and the degradation mechanism was discussed. Changes in the internal bias field and the internal stress both responsible for the time-dependent degradation of poled PZT were examined by the polarization reveral technique, XRD and Vickers indentation, respectively. The piezoelectric degradation increased with increasing time and grain size, and the internal bias field due to space charge diffusion decreased with increasing grain size of poled PZT. The internal bias field, however, was almost insensitive to the degradation time regardless of the grain size. On the other hand, both the x-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio of (002) to (200) and the fracture behavior including the crack propagation support that the ferroelectric domain rearrangement of larger grain size showed rapid relaxation of the internal stress compared with smaller one, which is thought the origin of the larger piezoelectric degradation in the former. In conclusion, the contribution of space charge diffusion on the piezoelectric degradation of PZT is strongly dependent on both the grain size and the composition. Thus, the relaxation of internal stress due to the ferroelectric domain rearrangement as well as the amount and time-dependence of the internal bias field due to space charge diffusion should be considered simultaneously in the degradation mechanism of PZT.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 현재 도시철도 레일의 노후화로 인한 레일표면결함이 증가하고 있으나 국가에서 제정된 궤도성능평가에 관한 세부지침에서 레일표면손상을 기술자의 육안, 간단한 측정 도구로 점검을 수행하는 실정이다. 최근 궤도진단법 제정에 따라 대규모 예산이 투입되고 레일진단물량이 급증되고 있으나 노동집약적인 육안조사기법으로는 진단결과에 대한 신뢰성확보가 어려운 실정이다. 주기적인 선로순회작업 및 육안점검을 통해 레일표면의 결함을 발견하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 점검자의 주관적 판단에 의해 레일표면의 결함의 경중을 평가하는 것은 레일 내부의 손상을 예측하기에 상당한 제약이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 레일표면손상에 따른 레일내부 균열특성 관한 연구로서 현장측정에서는 레일표면 손상개소를 선정하여 다양한 손상유형의 시료를 채취하여 레일표면손상 상태를 평가하고 실내시험에서 전자주사현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 레일표면결함 및 내부결함의 상관관계를 분석하고자 한다. 또한 실내시험의 결과와 수치해석 결과를 비교를 통하여 레일표면손상을 분석하였다. 현재 공용중인 도시철도 레일의 균열성장율을 파악하고자 가우시안 확률밀도 함수를 적용하여 분석하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.845-851
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• 2017

외경에 홈이 존재하는 자긴가공된 압력용기의 피로 파손은 외경 홈에서의 피로균열 발생과 전파에 의해 발생한다. 자긴가공된 압력용기의 피로수명을 예측하기 위하여 유한요소법을 이용하여 자긴가공에 의한 잔류응력해석을 수행하였으며, 피로시험을 통하여 재료의 피로특성을 구하였다. 압력용기의 수명은 압력용기 외경 홈 모서리에서 응력 및 변형률 집중에 의한 피로균열의 생성수명과 전파수명의 합으로 총 수명이 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 80 % 자긴도의 압력용기가 424 MPa의 반복적인 내압을 받을 때 압력용기의 수명은 2,598 사이클로 예측되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2016

In order to observe the internal damage of concrete in real time, we introduced acoustic emission nondestructive detecting technology into a series of fracture tests; the test results revealed the whole process that concrete undergoes when it sustains damage that leads to failure, according to the change rules of the acoustic emission parameters. The results showed that both the initiation and unstable loads can be accurately determined using the abrupt change of the acoustic emission rate curves and the turning point of the acoustic emission parameters' accumulative curves. The whole process, from damage to failure, includes five phases, beginning with damage, such as cracking, a stable crack growth process, a critical unstable stage, and unstable propagation. The brittle fracture characteristics of concrete change when steel bars are joined, because the steel bars and the concrete structure bond, which causes an increase in the acoustic emission signals within the fracture process of the reinforced concrete. The unstable propagation stage is also extended. Our research results provide a valid methodology and technical explanations, which can help researchers to monitor the cracking process of concrete structures, in real time, during actual projects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2021

The interaction of cracks and water significantly affects the fracture mechanism of rocks. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted using sandstone samples containing a single fissure to explore the hydro-mechanical behaviors in the failure process of pre-cracked rocks. The internal crack characteristics were also analyzed using X-ray CT scanning. The results show that the confining pressure has the greatest effect on the mechanical properties (e.g., strengths, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio), followed by the fissure inclination and water pressure. At a lower fissure inclination, the confining pressure may control the type main cracks that form, and an increase in the water pressure increases the number of anti-wing cracks and the length of wing cracks and branch cracks. However, the fracture behaviors of samples with a higher fissure inclination are only slightly affected by the confining pressures and water pressures. The effect of fissure inclination on the internal crack area is reduced with the propagation from the fissure tips to the sample ends. The fissure inclination mainly affects the value of permeability but not affect the trend. The impact of pre-existing fissure on permeability is smaller than that of confining pressure and water pressure.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.210-229
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• 2021

To safely operate domestic nuclear power plants approaching the end of their design life, the material degradation management strategy of the components is important. Among studies conducted to improve the soundness of nuclear reactor components, research methods for understanding the degradation of reactor internals and preparing management strategies were surveyed. Since the IGSCC (Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking) initiation and propagation process is associated with metal dissolution at the crack tip, crack initiation sensitivity was decreased in the hydrogenated water with decreased crack sensitivity but occurrence of small surface cracks increased. A stress of 50 to 55% of the yield strength of the irradiated materials was required to cause IASCC (Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking) failure at the end of the reactor operating life. In the threshold-stress analysis, IASCC cracks were not expected to occur until the end of life at a stress of less than 62% of the investigated yield strength, and the IASCC critical dose was determined to be 4 dpa (Displacement Per Atom). The stainless steel surface oxide was composed of an internal Cr-rich spinel oxide and an external Fe and Ni-rich oxide, regardless of the dose and applied strain level.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.277-287
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• 1999

탄소섬유 복합재료 T 조인트 시험편에 대한 접착특성 및 파손과정을 조사하기 위하여 단순인장 및 하중-제하 인장시험이 수행된다. 시험편은 스킨과 프레임 구조를 가지며, 동시성형과 2차 접착법에 의한 두 종류의 시험편이 제작된다. 단순인장시험동안 시험편의 손상 개시 및 진전시에 AE 특성을 측정하였고, 하중-제하 인장시험동안 진전된 균열길이는 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 측정된다. 또한 시험편 내부의 크랙면 윤곽에 대한 조사는 초음파 C-scan이 사용된다. AE 신호가 급격히 증가하는 하중과 하중-시간 곡선에서 하중강하점은 5% 이내의 오차로 비교적 잘 일치한다. 두 종류의 시험편의 초기균열은 동일한 위치인 중앙 누들부에서 발생되나 최종파단은 동시성형의 경우, 누들부에서, 2차 접착의 경우, 스킨/프레임 끝단에서 일어난다. 이런 결과로부터 두 종류의 시험편은 성형방법에 따라 서로 다른 파손 모드를 보인다.