• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2004

봉독은 관절염 치료를 비롯한 여러 질환에 그 응용범위가 넓어지고 있으며 기전규명과 새로운 치료효과 개발을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 연골의 파괴는 진행된 각종 관절병증의 공통 병리기전이며 연골세포의 기능이상은 이 기전에 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 사람 연골세포의 특성을 유지하고 있는 HTB-94 연골육종세포를 배양하고 봉독을 처치했을 때의 유전자 발현양상을 microarray를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 대조군에 비해 4배 이상 발현의 차이가 있는 경우를 유의한 것으로 보았을 때 microarray의 344개 유전자중 봉독처치시 발현이 증강되는 유전자는 없었으며 발현이 억제되는 유전자는 interleukin 6 receptor, interleukin 1 alpha, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 1, tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, members 4, 8 and 12, and caspases 2, 6, and 10등 35개가 관찰되었다. Microarray를 통한 유전자발현 분석을 통해 관절염에 대한 봉독치료의 기전을 시사하는 유용한 자료를 얻을 수 있었으며 앞으로 보다 넓은 범위에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.529-532
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• 2000

Prostaglandin $E_2$(PG$E_2$) is an abundant eicosanoid in bone that has been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss, and is also known to stimulate matric metalloproteinase-1 systhesis and secretion in rat and human osteoblast cells, although the intracellular reaction remain unclear. Interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) is a cytokine that plays a critical role in bone remodelling and appears to act as a downstream effector of most bone-resorbing agents. However, it is still interesting to examine whether PG$E_2$ regulates IL-1$\beta$ expression by mouse osteoblasts or not. Here we demonstrate that PG$E_2$is a potent inducer of IL-1$\beta$ production by fetal osteoblasts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.348-353
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• 2005

In this paper we discuss the formulation and the analysis of a signaling pathway by Petri nets. In order to explicitly and formally describe the molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics of signaling pathways, we propose a new modeling method to construct signaling pathways on the basis of formal representation of Petri net. Our proposed extended algorithm effectively finds basic enzymic components of signaling pathways by employing T-invariants of Petri nets with considering the origination leading to an occurrence of inhibition functions than existing methods. An application of the proposed algorithm is given with the example of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 signaling pathways.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.837-842
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of 50% ethylalcohol extracts of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don (LE) on the activity of murine immune cells. LE was administered orally once a day for 7 days at the dose of 250 mg/kg. LE increased the cell viability of thymocytes, splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo system, but decreased the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes in the presence of concanavalin A in vivo system. Also, the administration of LE was increased the production of ${\gamma}$-interferone, but did not affect the production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. Furthermore, LE decreased the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo system, but enhanced the production of nitric oxide. These results suggest that LE has a immuno-regulative action via stimulation of immune cells proliferation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.207-207
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• 1994

I) 지금까지 만성골수성백혈병의 치료법으로서 골수이식이나 인터페론의 투여등이 시행되어왔으며 백혈병세포에서 Interleukin-1$\beta$(이하 IL-1$\beta$)이 자율적으로 생성됨이 보고 되어 이러한 질병의 진행에 IL-1$\beta$의 활성증가가 관련될것이라는 견해가 대두되어 왔다. 최근 단핵구성백혈병 환자의 소변에서 분리된 IL-1수용체 길항제(1L-1 receptor antagonist: IL-lRA)가 clonig되었고 인터페론치료에 저항하는 환자들의 치료에 IL-1RA 가 이용될수 있을것이라는 견해가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 유전공학연구소가 분리 정제한 IL-1RA가 만성골수백혈병 환자로부터 유래한 K562세포주의 증식에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 알파인터페론과의 병용투여시의 상호작용에 관해 검토하였다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2017

${\beta}$-sitosterol, one of phytosterols, exhibited numerous pharmacological effect including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune-modulating properties. This study attempted to determine the pharmacological effects of ${\beta}$-sitosterol on atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated to ascertain the pharmacological effects of ${\beta}$-sitosterol on 2, 4-dinitrochlrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD symptom and histamine-induced scratching behaviors in mice. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of ${\beta}$-sitosterol on the interleukin (IL)-6 levels in HaCaT cells and skin tissue of AD. The findings of this study demonstrated that ${\beta}$-sitosterol reduced AD clinical symptoms such as eczematous, erythema and dryness and serum histamine and IgE levels in DNCB-induced AD model and histamine-induced scratching behaviors in mice. Additionally, ${\beta}$-sitosterol inhibited the IL-6 expression in AD-like skin lesion and HaCaT cells. Collectively, these findings provide that ${\beta}$-sitosterol could be a therapeutic agent for skin inflammation including AD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.89-89
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• 1997

Fangchinoline and Tetrandrine are the major alkaloids of bis-benzylisoquinoline structure isolated from Stephania tetrandra which has been used as anti-inflammatory drug. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Fangchinoline and Tetrandrine on cyclooxygenase, interleukin-5(IL-5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Tetrandrine at 100 ${\mu}$M did not show any inhibitory effect but Fangchinoline showed 31% of inhibition on cyclooxygenase. In addition, in mIL-5-dependent Y16 proliferation assay, Tetrandrine at 30 ${\mu}$M exhibited more than 50% of inhibition but Fangchinoline did not any effect. However in hIL-6-dependent MH60 proliferation assay, more than 50% of inhibition was observed by both of Fangchincline and Tetrandrine at 30 ${\mu}$M. Fangchinoline and Tetrandrine also showed anti-inflammatory effects by croton oil induced mouse ear edema test.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.139-143
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• 2009

The anaphylactic allergic reaction is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this report, I investigated the effect of ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miq. (Rosaceae) (RFRC) on the anaphylactic allergic reaction and studied its possible mechanisms of action. RFRC inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction in mice. RFRC dose-dependently decreased the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. In addition, RFRC decreased the gene expression and production of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin (IL)-6 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187)-stimulated human mast cells. These findings provide evidence that RFRC could be a candidate as an anti-allergic agent.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2009

Recent publications showed that metal nanoparticles which are made from $TiO_2,\;CeO_2,\;Al_2O_3,\;CuCl_2,\;AgNO_3$ and $ZnO_2$ induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effects in cultured cells and the responses seemed to be common toxic pathway of metal nanoparticles to the ultimate toxicity in animals as well as cellular level. In this study, we compared the gene expression induced by two different types of metal oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) and cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CNP) using microarray analysis. About 50 genes including interleukin 6, interleukin 1, platelet-derived growth factor $\beta$, and leukemia inhibitory factor were induced in cultured BEAS2B cells treated with TNP 40 ppm. When we compared the induction levels of genes in TNP-treated cells to those in CNP-treated cells, the induction levels were very correlated in various gene categories (r=0.645). This may suggest a possible common toxic mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1423-1426
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• 2008

Nuruk, which is a natural inoculator and source of amylolytic enzymes, is used in Korean traditional rice wine. A methanol extract of nuruk (NE) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite and interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Both the n-hexane and water fractions from NE (MEH and MW, respectively) inhibited the production of nitrite and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. MEH and MW also inhibited the LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Further, and MEH protected against the LPS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Together, these results indicate that nuruk may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and cancer-preventive effects of Korean traditional rice wine.