• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.43-51
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• 2020

This study examined how the eight-week spinal stabilization exercise program affects the cervical disability index, postural balance ability, and body shape change. The exercise program performed 60 minutes of spinal stabilization exercise three times a week for eight weeks. Sixteen patients with chronic neck pain, who complained of neck pain for six months, were classified into exercise group (n=8 patients) and control group (n=8 patients). The results before and after the eight-week exercise program were observed. Significant differences were observed in the time, group, and interaction of the neck disability index (p<.05). The balance ability showed significant interaction effects between the groups and periods (p<.05). Significant differences were noted in the timing and interaction in the pelvic inclination angle in posture change (p<.05), and there were significant differences in the group, timing, group, and interaction in the cervical and shoulder position angles (p<.05). The above results showed that the spinal stabilization exercise significantly improved the cervical disability index, balance ability change, and body shape change in patients with chronic neck pain. Future studies will analyze the specific changes in spinal structure through radiographic imaging to increase the validity of spinal stabilization exercise.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2008

This paper proposed a service satisfaction index in the service design. We utilize the service blueprint as the basic tool for the service process analysis, construct a service flow fishbone diagram which consists of the encounters representing the interaction between customer and service deliverer. To evaluate the service satisfactions of the service element a service satisfaction function is used. The service satisfaction function has the generic properties of the prospect theory with the probabilistic utility value in order to evaluate the service bundle which Is constructed by tangible and intangible service elements. A numerical example using the A/S service of Electronic Co. is presented for the verification.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

In recent times, multi-centralization and decentralization as well as large Capital area and suburbanization in the spatial structure of capital area. With rapid growth, urbanization and industrialization are unsystematic, and growth inequality between regions caused negative effects such as discordant centralization and decentralization, fluctuating land value, and gap between living conditions. Accordingly, this study analyzed urban spatial indexes by the self-governed body in the capital area such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province for the analysis of the regional inequality phenomenon. We examined the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in urban spatial structure in the capital area by utilizing the distribution pattern and density of city indexes such as population, employment, etc, and then drew the commonality of those factors through factor analysis. We evaluated the drawn results through the city standard index by each city, conducted factor score analysis, and identified the interaction between each factor and Housing Purchase Price Composite Indices index, housing rent price index(Housing Jeonse Price Composite Indices), land price fluctuation rate, diffusion ratio of house, and financial independence.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1575-1580
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• 2006

High speed and large transfer capability of railroad has been an important issue in Korean since KTX opening at 2004. Improvement projects for railway electrification are progressed in the conventional line as well as high speed line because various operation plan is performed such as interaction between high speed line and conventional line and operation of tilting train etc. Especially, railway electrification has many advantages which are cost effective and eco-friendly. But it also has some problems such as construction costs and accidents due to electrification. Therefore this paper developed measuring index of electrification railway benefit. By comparing between diesel and electrical locomotive, the operations of before and after the electrification and measurements quantitative index such as energy efficiency, enlargement of transfer capability, environmental pollution and maintenance and efficiency of operation is presented. In the future, Overall benefit and cost of railway electrification will be analyzed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2011

LSPR(Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance) sensor measures the refractive index change on the sensor surface. The detection of biological reaction with the unknown refractive index needs to be converted into the signal sensitivity for the refractive index change for comparison with other measurements. To find the signal sensitivity, the three steps of signal processing are proposed, which are signal modeling, signal calibration and signal normalization of LSPR sensor. The detected signal of biotin-streptavidin interaction has been converted into unit of [RU](Resonance Unit) using the proposed method. The converted signal directly can be compared with the other sensors including commercialized one.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

This study investigated the relationship between infants' temperament and mothers' parenting stress. This investigation is done by focusing on the interaction effects between the infants' temperament and maternal factors. A total of 1,120 infants and their mothers from a national sample were selected as subjects for carrying this investigation. The EAS (Emotionality, Activity and Sociality) Temperament Survey for Children: Parental Ratings was used to measure the infants' emotionality temperament, and PSI-SF(Parenting Stress Index-Short Form), KMSS(Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and a survey on socio-demographic variables were used for the maternal factors. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the parenting stress was significantly different according to the infants'emotionality temperament. Most importantly, there were significant interaction effects between the infants' emotionality temperament and maternal factors(education level, employment status and marital satisfaction). The results were discussed in terms of the goodness of fit of the temperament and parenting models.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers who were born prematurely and to determine factors affecting parenting stress in child's problem behavior, mother-child interaction and parenting alliance. Methods: An exploratory survey study was conducted with 66 mothers of preschool children (5~6 years) with preterm births (PTB). Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS), and Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI). Results: Of the 66 mothers, 8(12.1%) showed high scores that were more than borderline for the PSI total score. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower scores on the PAI (${\beta}=-.41$, p<.001), higher scores on the externalizing problem behavior of the CBCL (${\beta}=.40$, p=.001), and lower scores on the MPIS (${\beta}=-.21$, p=.043) were statistically significant contributors to maternal parenting stress. Conclusion: Findings indicate that mothers of PTB preschool children are at risk for parenting stress. Child's externalizing problem behavior, poor maternal-child interaction and parenting alliance were independent factors raising maternal parenting stress. More attention is needed on paternal parenting support, child's behavioral development, interaction with children for effective prevention and management of maternal parenting stress of PTB young children.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate growth performance and provenance by site interaction in Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine) provenance tests for selecting superior provenances in Korea. P. strobus was planted in 1972 at four test sites in Korea and the growth was analyzed at age 39. The growth of P. strobus was positively correlated with relative humidity and precipitation and negatively correlated with temperature of the test sites. The portion of interaction term of the total variation explained 2.5% in height and 24.6% in diameter of the total variation according to the regression analysis. The method of combined stability and performance index (CSPi) ranked the North Carolina provenance as the best provenance with good adaptability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyze the green-tourism centrality considering spatial interaction using Gravity Model and social network method. The degree centrality and prestige centrality were applied as green-tourism centrality index. The rural amenity resources and human resources were counted as attraction factors, and a distance among villages was used as friction factor in gravity model. The weights of rural tourism amenity resources were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method and applied to evaluate green-tourism potentiality. The distance was measured with the shortest path among villages using geographic information system(GIS) network analysis. The spatial interaction from gravity model were employed as link weights between nodal points; a pair villages. Using the spatial interaction, the degree-centrality and prestige-centrality indices were calculated by social network analysis and demonstrated possibility of developing integrated green-tourism region centered on high centrality villages.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2023

The primary objective of the current study is to optimize and evaluate the seismic performance of steel momentresisting frame (MRF) structures considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. The structural optimization is implemented in the context of performance-based design in accordance with FEMA-350 at different confidence levels from 50% to 90% by taking into account fixed- and flexible-base conditions using an efficient metaheuristic algorithm. Nonlinear response-history analysis (NRHA) is conducted to evaluate the seismic response of structures, and the beam-on-nonlinear Winkler foundation (BNWF) model is used to simulate the soil-foundation interaction under the MRFs. The seismic performance of optimally designed fixed- and flexible-base steel MRFs are compared in terms of overall damage index, seismic collapse safety, and interstory drift ratios at different performance levels. Two illustrative examples of 6- and 12-story steel MRFs are presented. The results show that the consideration of SSI in the optimization process of 6- and 12-story steel MRFs results in an increase of 1.0 to 9.0 % and 0.5 to 5.0 % in structural weight and a slight decrease in structural seismic safety at different confidence levels.