• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.19-30
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• 2006

The present study investigated the effects of children's cognitive styles on their interpersonal problem solving performances. It examined closely whether children's interpersonal problem solving performances differed depending on their individual cognitive styles such as field independence-field dependence and reflection-impulse cognitive styles. It also examined whether children's interpersonal problem solving performances differed depending on the subjects children interacted with. The subjects were 80 5-and 6-year-old children from three child care centers. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0 and processed statistically using average, standard deviation, and repeated measures design. Children's interpersonal problem solving performances showed differed according to the subjects they interacted with. Children showed better interpersonal problem solving performances with their peers than with adults like teachers or parents. There was a significant positive correlation between children's field independence-field dependence cognitive styles and interpersonal problem solving performances. That is, the more independent children were, the higher their interpersonal problem solving performances were. In addition, there was a partially negative correlation between children's reflection-impulse cognitive styles and interpersonal problem solving performances. The more impulsive children were, the lower the problem solving performances were.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.107-121
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• 1999

This hypothesis of this study was that individual risk variables (behavior problems) compounded by social risk variables (peer rejection) would place children at risk for victimization by peers. Subjects were 385 boys and girls in 3rd and 5th grade. Data were collected with questionnaires. As predicted, behavior problems (both internalizing and externalizing) were more strongly related to victimization when children were rejected by peers than when they were accepted. These results illustrate the principle that individual risk variables depend on social context.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.467-474
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• 2018

This is a qualitative research that was carried out to analyze the childhood cancer survivors' perceived difficulties using the result of focus group interviews. This study conducted interviews with 22 childhood cancer survivors under follow-up management after cancer treatment at general hospitals in Korea. 22 persons were divided into 3 groups, and interviews were carried out with each group for 80-100 minutes. As a result of the research, four topic collections consisting of 'Physical limitation', 'Influence of lasting childhood cancer', 'Difficulty in forming relationships' and 'Lack of reliable information' and seven subjects, which consist of 'Lack of energy', 'Potential late-effects', 'Fears about cancer recurrence', 'Negative social awareness', 'Difficulty in interacting with', 'Difficulty in interacting with peers', and 'Difficulty in interacting with families' were derived. Based on the findings of this research, it is hoped that provides a basis for developing appropriate and effective services and programs for childhood cancer survivors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-116
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to describe mother -infant interacting behavior patterns related to newborn infant feeding and to explore the mother's cultural belief about their infant. The data collection was conducted by observation and interview. Twenty-five mothers and their newborn infants who were normally delivered and were also planned to breast feed were comprised as the subjects of this study. All subjects were interviewed and observed individuaily at 1 to 5 days after the delivery at the hospital, mid -wife's clinic, Maternal Child Health Center and their home throughout the country from remote area to big city, The observation data were recorded with symbolic letter on a recording sheet newly developed as a result of preliminary study. The interview data were taperecorded and then recorded in narrative form. Mother - infant interaction behaviors in early feeding period were analyzed based on 19 analytic sub-categories and their composing elements. Unit of analysis were mother, infant and mother -infant dyad. 8 analytic categories draw from the data. Each were preparation, instrument, interaction inducing, evaluation referred to mother's behavior, preparation, instrument, interaction inducing referred to infant's behavior and synchronic behaviors referred to mother - infant dyad. Frequencies of behavior items based on the categories were converted to percent. The result showed that in mother's preparation behavior, the breast condition of Korean mother can be an affecting factor for mother - infant interaction during feeding, and vocalization behavior was observed most frequently in interaction inducing behavior while the least frequent behavior observed was contacting. Subcultural characteristics of mother - infant interaction behaviors were analyzed for their relationships between groups of mothers who have lived in remote area vs urban area, and who were multipara vs primipara. Using a chi -square test, there were statistically significant relationships in the activity of psychological readiness in preparation behavior and the movement of extremities for the position of instrumental behavior in both groups. However, interaction inducing behaviors were not related with statistical significance in any set of groups. Accomplishment of marriage, bonding and emotional mediation of family members were the categories related to mother's cultural belief about the infant in aspect of functional values. Infant at birth is considered little more than a biological organism without social capabilities. Although the newborn infant is still be attached to his mother, he makes his mother extend her territoriality. The mother's interacting behavior toward her infant based on those beliefs appeared task oriented, separative behavioral series. On the other hand, it was seen that infant reacted independently to his mother's behavior by the in-nate perceptual abilities. Those independent behavioral series of mother and infant on the feeding situation were synchronized at any moment. Nurses are In a unique position to teach mothers about their infant's capabilities and help reducing some of uncertainty about infant's behaviors. Study results indicated that the informations infant's social capabilities and breast feeding should be given to the mothers. The results of this study have several implications for nursing. First, the study results will be used as fundamental resources for the development of the assessment tool about the early mother - infant interaction. Second, the results could be a relevant information in the fied. I of maternal child nursing education as real and useful data. Third, the behavioral patterns of early mother - infant interaction which were classified based on the qualitative analysis could be used for nursing theory development as very fundamental data.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

Currently the gamification as marketing technique has appeared in the field non-related with game, applied to game elements. The alternate reality game pulled down the boundary between the real and the virtual has come out. New trend game has shown beyond the range of the existing game. The possibility has import into online baseball simulation game. The objective of this research is the exploratory approach to build GOMS model through three subjects to the famous pro-baseball manager game. After game playing session, three subjects' utterance with game experience was recorded. We built the goal hierarchy of goal in GOMS to pro-baseball manager game to analyze the vocabulary in three subjects' utterance. We try to find the possibility of gamification in alternate reality game interacting between the real and the virtual, and demolishing them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2002

This study was intended to examine the pattern and level of experience of voice problems and risk factors in school teacher, to offer basic data to prevent voice problems. The subjects were 180 school teachers from primary, middle, and high school teachers in C City, Chonbuk. Data were collected by questionnaires survey from April 30, 2001 to May 10, 2001. 56.6% of the subjects experienced voice problems such as "H-notes difficult"($2.68{\pm}.86$), followed by "Tired voice"($2.32{\pm}.93$), "Effortful voice"($2.27{\pm}.90$), and "Drying of throat"($2.21{\pm}.91$). According to general characteristics, smoking subjects showed higher voice problem than no smoking subjects and this difference was statistically significant(t=2.76, p=.007). According to voice related characteristics, "Speaking loudly" subjects showed higher voice problem than those no "Speaking loudly"(t=-2.02, p=.045). "Speaking effortful" subjects measured higher voice problem than those of "Speaking effortful" and this difference was statistically significant(t=-3.34, p=.001). The inspection of the relation of cause affecting school teachers showed that it had an interacting effect of voice habit, smoking, experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience, by staged it accounted for 55.3% of the total voice problem. The total voice problem indicated a positive correlation(p=.000). Conclusion: over half of the school teachers have experienced voice problems, higher perceived related of voice symptom and physical symptom factors. Also, because there are significant differences in voice problem according to smoking, voice habits of "Speaking loudly", "Speaking effortful", experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study is to confirm the interacting behavior between nurses and patients and other things concerned herewith. Subjects of investigation were : 42 nurses selected out of the average nurses who serve in hospital as nurses assigned to medical and surgical wards : and 42 male and female adult patients selected out of the average patients who were under the care of the nurse individuals and can make themselves understood verbally. A nurse and her patient were paired off for questioning. Materials for statistics were gathered by means of observaing interactions- - verbal and nonverbal - -of the chosen subjects for four hours every day from 7 : 30 a.m. through 7 : 30 p.m. between on July 15, 1988 and on Aug. 16, 1988. Classified by patterns, the materials observed and gathered were preliminarily analyzed by this researcher, and then reexamined in a full-fledged way by one professor, three nurses and three non - nurses. The researcher depended chiefly on Frequency, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient attached to SPSS Computer System for the process of gathered materials. The results of this investigations are follows 1) A total of 98 times' interactions between nurses and patients were provided during observation of 168 hours. 2) It took them the averaged 264.8 seconds(around 4.4 minutes) per a couple of subjects to interact between nurses and patients during observation of four hours. 3) The aim of interactions between nurses and patients appear that 29 times of injection amounted to 29.6% the most, 27 times of PO around to 27.6% the next most, 25 times of vital check to 25.5% the next most, 17 times of independent nursing works and round to 17.3% the least most. 4) As a result of qualitative analyzing the interactions between nurses and patients by the distinctive method of words were positively recognized in 19 cases with 45.2% and negatively in 23 cases with 54.8%. 5) A total of 2, 193 times. interaction behaviours between nurses and patients were provided. The frequency of these interaction behaviours took place l, 364 times with 62.2% to nurse, and 829 times with 37.8% to patients. 6) The classification of verbal and nonverbal interaction behaviour between nurses and patients indicated that it is amounted to 64.9% for verbal behaviour numbered 1, 423 and 35.1% for nonverbal one numbered 770. 7) The frequency of verbal behaviour between nurses and patients numbered 1, 423 in total. They took place 924 times to nurses and 499 times to patients, it can be also amounted to 64.9% and 35.1% respectively in percentagewise. 8) In interactions between nurses and patients, it turned out that the frequency of nurses' turns, which the present research discovered averaged 16.8 times for four hours, and the verbal behaviours by numbered 9.7 on an average. 9) Nonverbal behaviours between nurses and patients numbered 770 in total, it is assigned 440 times to nurse with 57.1% and 330 times to patients with 42.9%. 10) The investigation releases in formation that the frequency of verbal behaviours between nurses and patients was very much concerned with the age of patients(r＝0.422, p＜.01) and the number of patients one nurse has under her care(r＝-0.356, p＜.01). 11) It was found that were deep relationship of the number of a nurses turn with the patients age(r＝0.377, p＜.01) and the nurses burden of caring patients(r＝-0.372, p＜.01).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to develop the empowerment education program, to describe the experiences of diabetes patient's empowerment process and to develop a theoretical model of the diabetes patient's empowerment process. Method 1. : The development of the empowerment program for the diabetes patients: The strategies of the empowerment education program were enhancement of problem - solving, decision making, self-efficacy, self-control. participation and mutual support. Method 2. : According to the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin, the qualitative data was collected with in depth interviews and participants observations until its saturation when the 25 consented subjects were participating and interacting with the other subjects in the empowerment education program. Results: With the analysis of the data, 29 categories were generated. The core category generated, which was a central phenomenon of the empowerment process, was named powerlessness. The intervening conditions facilitating or impeding the empowerment process were discovered as supportive systems through the participation of group meeting, problem solving dialogue, and the knowledge deficit of self-care. The action/interaction strategies were developed as the paricipating, dialoguing, questioning, supporting system, self-controlling, self efficacy, enhancing self-esteem. stress relaxing and instillation of hope.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.430-431
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• 1996

Among the scholars of second language (L2) acquisition who have used prosodic considerations in syntactic analyses, pausing and intonation contours have been used to define utterances in the speech of second language learners (e.g., Sato, 1990). In recent research on conversational analysis, it has been found that lexically marked causal clause combining in the discourse of native speakers can be distinguished as "intonational subordination" and "intonational coordination(Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, forthcoming.)". This study uses Pienemann's Processability Theory (1995) for an analysis of the speech of native speakers of Japanese (L1) learning English. In order to accurately assess the psycholinguistic stages of syntactic development, it is shown that pitch, loudness, and timing must all be considered together with the syntactic analysis of interlanguage speech production. Twelve Japanese subjects participated in eight fifteen minute interviews, ninety-six dyads. The speech analyzed in this report is limited to the twelve subjects interacting with two different non-native speaker interviews for a total of twenty-four dyads. Within each of the interviews, four different tasks are analyzed to determine the stage of acquisition of English for each subject. Initially the speech is segmented according to intonation contour arid pauses. It is then classified accoding to specific syntactic units and further analysed for pitch, loudness and timing. Results indicate that the speech must be first claasified prosodic ally and lexically, prior to beginning syntactic analysis. This analysis stinguishes three interlanguage lexical categories: discourse markers, coordinator $s_ordinators, and transfer from Japanese. After these lexical categories have been determined, the psycholinguistic stages of syntactic development can be more accurately assessed.d.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2008

This study describes a system for human sensibility evaluation using PPG(photoplethysmogram) signal and biofeedback algorithm to respond the bad(negative) mood. For this objective, PPG signals for two emotional states(positive/negative) are collected. To evoke the test emotions, happy(or joyful) and sad(or irritating) movie files are collected and played in subjects' monitor. From the acquired PPG signal, the heart rate variability(HRV) is calculated. Using the HRV and its FFT spectra, the human sensibility is evaluated. Since the heart is a representative organ which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system(ANS), the ANS may reflect the changes in emotion. The biofeedback algorithm is designed with motion image player interacting with the results of the sensibility evaluation. It was shown that HRV was changed according to the subject's emotions. Accordingly, the sensibility evaluation test showed feasibility of the our method.