• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.335-345
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• 2013

The present study investigates the effect of the inter-aural level difference(ILD) on the syllable articulation test in classrooms which can be occurred by the absorption of interior surfaces. In order to do this, the sound absorbing materials were installed in the classroom and sound pressure level(SPL) at each ear was measured using binaural recording systems. Also, syllable articulation tests were carried out at a classroom with and without sound absorption materials by 20 students who have normal hearing condition, in order to investigates the effect of the ILD on the speech intelligibility. As a result, it was found that the larger inter-aural level differences was occurred at the nearer positions to lateral walls after sound absorptions were applied to lateral walls in the classroom. At some places, the measured ILD was lager than JND of sound level (3dB). Also, it was shown that the correlation coefficient of inter-aural level difference with the score of syllable test has the significant result(-0.441). Thus, It is concluded that ILD can affect the subjective speech intelligibility in classrooms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1987.04a
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• pp.27-30
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• 1987

Some modification of laplacian pyramidal coding have been done and tested for a test image, From our studies, its apperar that 3-D redictor which exploits inter and intra plane redundancy simultaneously somewhat imporves the image quality, We also have tried to reduce the bit rate by only sending zeroth plane image values that correstpond to estimated dege points which can be obtained from the first plane For both cases the feedback of quantization errof in the previous plane has been in the reconstruction of each plane. Subjective and SNR tests show the better performance of the studied methods oner the conventional one.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2023

Purpose: Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently undergo clinical assessments, involving triadic communication between clinician, parent, and child. During such encounters parents are traditionally the main communicator of information on their child's IBD, including subjective symptom reports. The level of agreement between children and their parents for IBD symptoms is poorly understood, and this study aimed to examine this factor. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among children with IBD, and one parent. A validated paediatric IBD symptom report tool (IBDnow) enabled children and their parent to rate seven pain, well-being, and stool metrics, with dyads completing the tool concurrently. Results were assessed using: Individual agreement: proportion of identical symptom reports by each dyad (ideal score >0.7); Category agreement: percentage of identical reports for IBDnow metrics for the cohort; Inter-rater reliability: Gwet's AC1 coefficient with higher scores indicating better reliability (maximum=1). Results: Seventy-four parent/child dyads participated; child's mean age 12.2 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.9, range 6-16), mean time since diagnosis 2.8 years (SD 3), 54% female, 73% had Crohn's Disease. Mean individual agreement level was 0.6, with 27% of dyads agreeing on ≥6/7 IBDnow metrics. Category agreement was reported by 61% of dyads, 20% of parents overestimated, and 19% underestimated, their child's symptoms. Inter-rater reliability ranged from fair to good. Conclusion: These results should improve clinician awareness of how IBD symptom reports from parents may introduce bias. Children should be considered the most important source of symptom reports, and tools such as IBDnow utilised to enhance communication.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2020

Background: Determination of inter-method differences between clinically available volumetry methods are essential for the clinical application of brain volumetry in a wider context. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-method reliability and differences between the Siemens morphometry (SM) software and the NeuroQuant (NQ) software. Materials and Methods: MR images of 86 subjects with subjective or objective cognitive impairment were included in this retrospective study. For this study, 3D T1 volume images were obtained in all subjects using a 3T MR scanner (Skyra 3T, Siemens). Volumetric analysis of the 3D T1 volume images was performed using SM and NQ. To analyze the inter-method difference, correlation, and reliability, we used the paired t-test, Bland-Altman plot, Pearson's correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and effect size (ES) using the MedCalc and SPSS software. Results: SM and NQ showed excellent reliability for cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid; and good reliability for intracranial volume, whole brain volume, both thalami, and both hippocampi. In contrast, poor reliability was observed for both basal ganglia including the caudate nucleus, putamen, and pallidum. Paired comparison revealed that while the mean volume of the right hippocampus was not different between the two software, the mean difference in the left hippocampus volume between the two methods was 0.17 ml (P < 0.001). The other brain regions showed significant differences in terms of measured volumes between the two software. Conclusion: SM and NQ provided good-to-excellent reliability in evaluating most brain structures, except for the basal ganglia in patients with cognitive impairment. Researchers and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in the measured volumes when using these two different software interchangeably.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

Background: The diagnostic criteria of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have mainly focused on dichotomous (yes/no) categorization, which makes it difficult to compare the inter-patient's condition and to evaluate the intra-patient's subtle severity over the course of time. To overcome this limitation, many efforts have been made to create laboratory methods or scoring systems to reflect the severity of CRPS; measurement of the skin temperature asymmetry is one of the former, and the CRPS severity score (CSS) is one of the latter. However, there has been no study on the correlations among the CSS, temperature asymmetry and subjective pain score. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is any correlation between the CSS, skin temperature asymmetry and subjective pain score. Methods: Patients affected with CRPS in a unilateral limb were included in this study. After making a diagnosis of CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, the CSS and skin temperature difference between the affected and unaffected limb (${\Delta}T$) was measured in each patient. Finally, we conducted a correlation analysis among the CSS, ${\Delta}T$ and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the patients. Results: A total of 42 patients were included in this study. There was no significant correlation between the ${\Delta}T$ and VAS score (Spearman's rho = 0.066, P = 0.677). Also, the CSS and VAS score showed no significant correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.163, P = 0.303). Conclusions: The ${\Delta}T$ and CSS do not seem to reflect the degree of subjective pain in CRPS patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.1 s.87
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• pp.97-108
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• 2006

At present, Korean many cities depend on subjective judgements of experts to estimate the number of bus-stops and inter-stop space. To get reliable results by using more objective procedure, we search for old studies and models, but they don't concern alighting demands and a random demand distributions. Our study recognize and overcome these limitation. We devide the demand into boarding and alighting demands, and define the model that can estimate flexibly optimal number of bus-stop and inter-stop space on each segment by the demand distribution. Also we apply this new model to a simple example route having various demand distributions As a result, the number of bus-stop on each segment can be estimate flexibly in proportion to boarding or alighting demand by using this model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.7 s.124
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• pp.638-648
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• 2007

A principal components analysis of the entire median HRIRs in the CIPIC HRTF database reveals that the individual HRIRs can be adequately reconstructed by a linear combination of several orthonormal basis functions. The basis functions represent the inter-individual and inter-elevation variations in median HRIRs. There exist elevation-dependent tendencies in the weights of basis functions, and the basis functions can be ordered according to the magnitude of standard deviation of the weights at each elevation. We propose a HRIR customization method via tuning of the weights of 3 dominant basis functions corresponding to the 3 largest standard deviations at each elevation. Subjective listening test results show that both front-back reversal and vertical perception can be improved with the customized HRIRs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.6A
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• pp.592-601
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• 2002

A postprocessing method for blocking artifact reduction in block coded images is presented. The proposed method consists of classification, adaptive inter-block filtering, and intra-block filtering. First, each block is classified as one of seven classes according to the characteristics of 8x8 DCT coefficients. Then each block boundary is faltered by adaptive inter-block filters, which use the block classes. Finally to the blocks which are classified as edge block classes, intra-block filtering is performed. Experimental tests produced that the proposed method gives better results than the convectional methods from both a subjective and an objective viewpoint.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.156-161
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• 2001

Currently, agricultural facilities are evaluated using either basic inspections or detailed analysis. However, conventional analyses as well as methods based on fuzzy logic and rule of thumb have not been very successful in providing a clear relationship between rating and real state of agricultural facilities, because they can't provide exactly acceptable reliability of degraded structures with manager or supervisor. Therefore, in this stage, we must define probabilistic variables for representing degradation of structures being given damages during a survival time. This paper describes the application of neural network system in developing the relation between subjective ratings and parameters of agricultural reservoir as well as that between subjective and analytical ratings. It is shown that neural networks can be trained and used successfully in estimating a rating based on several parameters. The specific application problem for agricultural reservoir in the rural area of Korea is presented and database is constructed to maintain training data set, the information of inspection and facilities. This study showed that a successful training of a neural network could be useful, especially if the input data set for target problem contains parameters with a diverse combination of inter-correlation coefficients. And the networks had a prediction rating of about $^{\ast}^{\ast}^{\ast}%$. The neural network system is expected to show high performance fairly in estimate than statistical method to use equation that is consisted of very lowly interrelated variables.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the job stress measurement for applying in nuclear power plants(NPPs). Background: The standard and guideline to evaluate and manage the job stress is insufficient in NPPs. Although job stress might have a negative effect on task performance particularly it can be related with human error in NPPs. Method/Results: This paper considered the objective and subjective stress measurements. One of the questionnaire(Korean Occupational Stress Scale) and the experiment method was investigated to apply in NPPs. KOSS was analyzed about the inter item consistency and correlation with the workload, and relative importance. In the objective evaluation considered the experiment method for the physical and mental job stress and analyzed from the phased point of view. Conclusion/Application: The measurement and criteria to evaluate job stress for operators must be complemented on the job characters and environments in NPPs. This study may support to confirm and manage the job stress in NPPs. The study of more specific methodology on job stress in NPPs is required on the basis of this paper.