• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2011

For human factor engineering and wearable robot design, the quantitative assessment of physical workload is needed. Through measuring the surface EMG (sEMG) and analysis, the physical workload in overhead lifting posture is presented in quantitative manner. By normalizing sEMG activities with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), the inter-subject variability is reduced. In all muscles, %MVC increased as the weight of lifting object increases. In anterior deltoid muscle, the %MVC was 3-4 times higher than the other muscles which imply that this muscle performs the major role in the overhead lifting posture. In fatigue analysis, %MVC and the mean frequency in muscle of anterior deltoid changed markedly when compared with other muscles. Through the suggested procedures and analysis, the physical workload for a specific posture can be represented in quantitative way but the clinical meaning for the value should be investigated further.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.423-426
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• 2006

Paper has fibers and fines network structure and it is strongly affected by interface bonding between fibers. Depending on the inter-fiber bonding, paper bulk is determined. Fines play an important roll in Campbell and consolidation effect through wet pressing and drying operations. Refined Sw-BKP, Hw-BKP and BCTMP fines were used to investigate the fines effect. Wet-web strength, breaking length, scattering coefficient, and hydrodynamic specific volume were measured. According to the result of experiments, chemical and morphological compositions of fines do not strongly affect to wet-web forming, but strongly affect to drying operations which form hydrogen bonding among fiber-fines-fiber matrixes. Paper bulk should be controlled by the extent of hydrogen bonding between fibers during drying operations.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.131-136
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• 1983

The composition of the phenolic compounds of 14 species, 2 varieties and I taxon of the Sedum plant in Korea were studied to identify their inter-specific relationships and their taxonomical position. The phenograms and contour diagrams obtained from the HPLC of EtOAc soluble fraction of these plants were classified into 7 alliances according to their chemical patterns. These chemical patterns agreed with Satake's classification except for Sedum aizoon. These plants were subdivided into 5 alliances in the Sedum section and 2 alliances in the Hylotelephium section. I type of the Sedum spectabile showed a difference in the number of stamens, it could be trated as another category above variety according to this result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.531-532
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• 2000

The morphology of molluscan egg capsule is generally regarded as being species specific (Turner, 1992), and form and structure of the egg capsule reflect the degree of anatomical complexity of the reproductive organs (Fretter ＆ Hian, 1984). Ceratostoma rorifluum and Ocinebrellus inornatum are common and widespread muricid species found throughout the Korean rocky and boulder shores, and Neptunnea constricta is found frequently from continental shelf of the eastern sea of Korea. In spite of their predominance along the Korean coasts, morphology of their eggs and egg capsules is unknown so far. The purpose of the present study, therefore, is to provide descriptions and illustrations for identifying egg capsules of the foregoing 3 stenoglossan gastropod species. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.6B
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• pp.569-578
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• 2002

This paper proposes a new multicarrier code division multiple access (CDMA) system. The proposed multicarrier CDMA system provides the advantages that the transmission bandwidth is more efficiently utilized by using divided spreading sequence, time and frequency diversity is achieved in frequency selective nultipath (acting channel, and inter-carrier interference (ICI) can be minimized by using specific data and code pattern. In this system, transmitted data bits are serial-to-parallel converted to some parallel branches. On each branch each bit is direct-sequence spread-spectrum modulated by divided spreading sequences and transmitted using orthogonal carriers. The receiver providers a Rake for each carrier, and the outputs of Rakes are combined to get time and frequency diversity. This multicarrier CDMA system allows additional flexibility in the choice of system parameters. Upon varying system parameters, bit error rate (BER) performance is examined for the proposed multicarrier CDMA system. Simulation results show that the proposed multicarrier CDMA scheme can achieve better performance than the other types of conventional multicarrier CDMA systems.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

Pain originating from the sacroiliac joint(SIJ) has been associated with poor performance, yet specific diagnosis of sacroiliac dysfunction(SID) has been difficult to achieve. Clinical presentation of SID appears that pain and poor performance is responsive to local analgesia of periarticular structures with poorly defined pathology, and poor performance with bony pathological changes present as a result of chronic instability. Previous research indicates that physical examination cannot diagnose SIJ pathology. Earlier studies have not reported sensitivities and specificities of composites of provocation tests known to have acceptable inter-examiner reliability. Tests based on mechanics as manual provocation for SIJ pain have formed the basis of tests used to diagnose SIJ dysfunction. In this review summary, the purpose of this study was to describe the sacroiliac tests with a model of examination, diagnosis, and management of SID. Further research is warranted to determine whether SIJ tests is reliable means of evaluating innominate impairments.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.78
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The combination of mechano-chemical activation (MCA)and Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) has widened the technical possibilities for both methods. For YBCO systems the investigation showed that a short-term MCA of initial powders before SHS leads to single-phase and ultra-fine products. A new technique for preparation ultra-fine high-temperature superconductors (HTS) of YBCO composition with a grain size d <1m is developed using combination of MCA and SHS. The specific feature of the technique is formation of the $YBa_2Cu_3O_7-$ crystalline lattice directly from an X-ray amorphous state arising as a result of mechanical activation of the original oxide mixture. The technique allows the stage of formation of any intermediate reaction products to be ruled out. X-ray and magnetic studies of ultra-fine high temperature superconductors are carried out. Dimension effects associated with the microstructure peculiarities are revealed. A considerable enhancement of inter-grain critical currents is found to take place in the ultra-fine samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.96-99
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• 2004

The combination of mechano-chemical activation and Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) has widened the possibilities for both methods. For YBCO systems the investigation showed that a short-term mechano-chemical activation of initial powders before SHS leads to single-phase and ultra-fine products. A new technique for preparation ultra-fine high-temperature superconductors of YBCO composition with a grain size d ＜1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ is developed. The specific feature of the technique is formation of the YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$ crystalline lattice directly from an X-ray amorphous state arising as a result of mechanical activation of the original oxide mixture. The technique allows the stage of formation of any intermediate reaction products to be ruled out. X-ray and magnetic studies of ultra-fine high temperature superconductors (HTS) are carried out. Dimension effects associated with the microstructure peculiarities are revealed. A considerable enhancement of inter-grain critical currents is found to take place in the ultra-fine samples.fine samples.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.467-467
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• 2012

As the features of recent flood are spatially concentrated, loss of life and property increase by the impact of climate change. In addition to this the public interest in water control information is increased and socially reasonable justification of water control policy is needed. It is necessary to estimate the flood risk in order to let people know the status of flood control and establish flood control policy. For accurate flood risk analysis, we should consider inter-relation between causal factors of flood damage. Hence, flood risk analysis should be applied to interdependence of the factors selected. The Bayesian networks are ideally suited to assist decision-making in situations where there is uncertainty in the data and where the variables are highly interlinked. In this research, to provide more proper water control information the flood risk analysis is performed using the Bayesian networks to handle uncertainty and dependency among 13 specific proxy variables.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.65-70
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• 1998

Economic evaluation methodologies for railway investments of China and Korea are comparatively analyzed. Chinese procedures specified in the new economic evaluation manual of 1997 were compared with those of Korea based on the economic evaluation manual of 1982. As expected those procedures reflect general economic requirements of the respective countries. Several differences in the specification are also noted. Details of the specification of Chinese procedure far exceed Korean specification, while Korean manual is rich of explanation on the fundamental theory. Differences in the procedure of calculating benefits of investments are most conspicuous, and specific requirements of carrying out a optimum opening year analysis in Korean procedure is notable. Despite of these differences in the procedure, two methodologies share same objective of ensuring selection of economically and financially sound railway projects. Both procedures of China and Korea, however, limit their evaluation scope on railways alone. Therefore, they are needed to expand scope of evaluation to encompass the idea of multi-modal or inter-modal evaluation, which will eventually contribute to build truly efficient national comprehensive transportation system.