• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.269-282
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• 2000

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a diverse group of natural products that include many pharmacologically active compounds produced in a limited number of plant families. Despite their complexity, intensive biochemical research has extended our knowledge of the chemistry and enzymology of many important benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways, such as those leading to the analgesic drugs morphine and codeine, and the antibiotics sanguinarine and berberine. The use of cultured plant cells as an experimental system has facilitated the identification and characterization of more than 30 benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes, and the molecular cloning of the genes that encode at least 8 of these enzymes. The recent expansion of biochemical and molecular technologies has creat-ed unique opportunities to dissect the mechanisms involved in the regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. Research has suggested that product accumulation is controlled by the developmental and inducible regulation of several benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes, and by the subcellular compartmentation of biosynthetic enzymes and the intracellular localization and trafficking of pathway intermediates. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. We also summarize our own research activities, especially those related to the establishment of protocols for the genetic transformation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing species, and the development of metabolic engineering strategies in these plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.751-762
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• 2002

Korean apparel industry is facing critical moment due to shortage of labor, wage increases and intensive competition among domestic manufactures. In addition, international production has been shifting to China and the other low-wage countries from established locations such as Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Global sourcing has been received considerable attention since firms can enhance their competitive advantage as well as comparative advantage by coordinating their sourcing activities global]y. This studs regarded global sourcing as one of the strategic tools to achieve competitive advantage of Korean apparel firms, and explored the current status by literature reviews and series of in-depth interviews with managers of korean apparel firms. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) Due to geographical advantage, China was the most favored nation for outsourcing for domestic markers. However, exporting firms preferred Latin America (including Mexico) to take advantage of duties, quotas and geographical proximity to the US market. 2) In selecting the global sourcing country, productivity, technical ability, local government regulation, and culture were considered important. 3) Most Korean apparel firms sources production globally, and followed by raw materials and trims. 4) Cost and quality were the most important factors in deciding subcontractors, and experience, productivity, equipment and finances were the next concerns. Academic implications and future directions were suggested based on findings.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

Purpose: To identify the frequency of bacterial isolates in early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: A retrospective study of EONS was conducted at the Beni Suef University Hospital from September 2008 to September 2012. A case of EONS was defined as an infant who had clinical signs of infection or who was born to a mother with risk factors for infection, and in whom blood culture obtained within 72 hours of life grew a bacterial pathogen. Results: Of 673 neonates screened, there were 138 positive blood cultures (20.5%) (confirmed EONS). Of the recovered isolates, 86.2% were gram-negative pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (22.5%), and Escherichia coli (13.8%) were the commonest isolated organisms. The most common gram-positive microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus accounting for only 12 isolates (8.7%). All Klebsiella isolates and 93% of Enterobacter isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Gram-negative pathogens had the maximum overall sensitivity to imipenem, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin; whereas, gram-positive isolates were most susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem, and piperacillin. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae was the predominant causative bacteria of EONS followed by E. cloacae and E. coli. There was a high resistance to ampicillin. Imipenem had the maximum overall activity against the causative bacteria. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the changing epidemiology of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-526
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• 2009

Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (BPS) multifilament were designed to degrade upon disposal by the action of afforestration of Ecklonia cava. Matured thalli of E. cava were collected at Jeju for zoospore collection and the substrate for zoospores were BPS multifilament (12 mm, 500 Td/96). The materials were made as nets of $1\;m^2$ with a cross stripes of 10 cm. The unit biodegradable nets bearing germlings of E. cava was moved into Wando where the place is conducting intensive seaweed cultivation in Korea for 5 months of nursery culture until they grew to 10 cm in length after which the nets were transplanted into the sea bed at Jeju at a depth of 12 m and the algal growth was monitored from May 2007 to December 2008. This is the first instance of using the BPS materials for seaweed afforestation to avoid any environmental problems.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.194-202
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• 2003

Budgets for water, nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined in two 0.012 ha earthy-bottom ponds stocked with Israeli strain common carp at an initial stocking density of $20\;fish/m^3$. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations increased continuously but later decreased in pond A as a consequence of high nitrification. COD concentrations increased during the experimental period due to the accumulation of feed input. Nutrient budgets showed that feed represented $94-95\%$ of nitrogen input and about 99% of organic matter input. Fish harvest accounted for $40\%$ of nitrogen and organic matter input. Seepage and water exchange removed $15-17\%$ of nitrogen input but only $1-2\%$ of organic matter. Draining of the ponds removed $20-26\%$ of input nitrogen, mostly in inorganic forms, but removed only minus organic matter. Fish and water column respiration accounted for $39\%$ of organic matter input, and benthic respiration accounted for $7-12\%$ of organic matter input. No significant change of nitrogen and organic matter in both pond bottoms were found during the three-month growth period. The unrecovered input nitrogen, about $6.3-13\%$, was lost through denitrification and ammonia volatilization. On a dry matter basis, fish growth removed $31\%$ of total feed input and left $69\%$ as metabolic wastes.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.314-322
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to verify effects of perineal care with aroma essential oil on urinary tract infection(UTI) in patients with indwelling urinary catheter. Method: The research design was non equivalent control group pretest-post test design. The data were collected from March to August, 2005 at C university hospital in Seoul. The subjects were 43 patients who had a indwelling catheter in neurosurgery intensive care unit(NSICU). They were assigned to two groups, 21 subjects to the experimental group and 22 subjects to the control group. The experimental group received perineal care with 3% blending essential oil for 4 days. Results: In the experimental group, white blood cells and bacteria in urine were significantly lower than control group. Bacteria in urine culture was lower in the experimental group at post test. Conclusion: Perineal care with aroma essential oil could be an effective intervention to reduce the UTI of patients in NSICU.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.538-550
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles, thesis and dissertation on turnover intention of hospital nurses in order to identify overall trends in turnover intention of nurses and suggest strategies for reducing turnover intention. Method: Thirty research papers on turnover intention of nurses were reviewed. Result: These papers were journal articles and thesis regarding nurses who worked in general wards, intensive nursing units, and emergency rooms in hospital. The tools used to measure turnover intention were Lawler (1983), Mobley (1982), and Lee (1995), and others. Most of tools were composed of 1-11 items, with 4-7 point Likert scales. Reported reliability was .55 to .91. The mean score for turnover intention was between 2.40 and 3.85. The important results revealed that job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and stress affected turnover intention of hospital nurses. Conclusion: The findings from this review indicate that to reduce turnover intention for hospital nurses, a nurse manager should increase job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and reduce stress by developing a good culture and work climate. Moreover it is necessary to assess stress and job satisfaction of nurses, and to manage nurses' welfare, including night duty policy, salary, and career ladder.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.233-251
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• 2008

The purpose of this study are to develop manual of 'Reading Classroom' program through a practical data(ex: schedule. plan paper) and a questionnaire survey of managing librarians this program. The basic aim of 'Reading Classroom' program is based on a nature of reading for a sound reading culture. The Manual provides a various program types(intensive, short-term, long-term etc.) according to library situation(facilities, human resources, budget etc.) and indicates a step-by-step services in detail.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2009

Purpose: This study developed and evaluated a systematic intervention among medical ICU nurses for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (hereafter VAP). Methods: A VAP prevention program was proposed based on a literature review, revised to fit the target situation, and validated. It was composed of one-time interventions including education, pamphlets, hand cultures, and a quiz event, as well as repeated interventions such as posters, reminders, posting hand culture results, and performance feedback. A simulated control group pretest-posttest design was used to verify the effectiveness of the VAP control program. The incidence of VAP among ICU patients was measured both during 3 months before (n=80) and during 3 months after (n=75) intervention. Results: The VAP prevention program's effectiveness, with a pre-intervention VAP rate of 17.38 and post-intervention rate of 11.04 per 1,000 ventilator days, showed a clinical tendency to decrease, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.750). Conclusion: A VAP prevention program of multiple interventions can be useful in decreasing the VAP rate. Given that the monthly decrease in the VAP rate was not considered statistically significant, long-term research needs to be done. Additionally, since this study targeted only nurses, it is suggested that future research targets other health care workers who can influence VAP rates.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.108-122
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• 2009

Purpose of this research about reduction the scholastic systematic triangular position of the security guard martial art which repeats a development is insufficient with demand of the while society to recognize and for the philosophic value research of security guard martial art composition principle puts out with the one method and from the reporter to search the aesthetics which appears does. In order to attain the goal of the research which sees the literature which relates with an security guard martial art widly, was an investigation and observed the aesthetics from concept and martial art of aesthetics and this the technical free use ability from actual site of the technical find which leads the practice voluntary repetition practice of security guard martial art with character and the body guard aesthetic integral part experience possibly did, there being will be able to acquire an aesthetic inspiration, confirmed. So the security guard martial art follows the composition principle of maximization central attitude and shock point breath control and mental intensive etc. of reinforcement of direction shock of relativity redundancy mental moral culture body agreement characteristic force and relaxation force and is completed and will be able to embody an aesthetic value with aesthetic elements of technical polishing process inside goes about reduction.