• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2011

Obesity occur from the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a complex chronic disease that is suggested to cause other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. In this study, our purpose is to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesitic effects of Maydis stigma water extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and db/db mice. Maydis stigma water extract at dose of 100 and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ slowly inhibited cell viability as compared to that of control in mature adipocytes. Also, the additions of 50 and 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Maydis stigma water extract significantly inhibited the lipid accumulations and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein(C/EBP) ${\alpha}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) ${\gamma}$ expressions with dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Maydis stigma water extract at 250, 500, and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ only showed the increasing pattern on lipolysis activity. The oral treatment of Maydis stigma water extract (100 or 400 mg/kg body weight) in db/db mice only showed tendency to decrease body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER), HbA1c, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and the adipocyte size of in db/db mice. However, Maydis stigma water extract increased the insulin level in a dose dependent manner. Thus these results indicate that Maydis stigma water extracxt inhibits adipogenesis through regulation of C/EBP${\alpha}$ and PPAR${\gamma}$ expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and shows anti-hyperglycemic effect through increase of insulin secretion in db/db mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2008

In this study, the preventive effects of Radix Trichosanthis extracts (RTE) against cytokine-induced ${\beta}-cell$ death were assessed. Cytokines generated by immune cells infiltrating pancreatic islets are crucial mediators of ${\beta}-cell$ destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The treatment of RIN cells with $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) and $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) resulted in a reduction of cell viability. RTE protected $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$-mediated viability reduction in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation with RTE also induced a significant suppression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. The molecular mechanism by which RTE inhibited iNOS protein expression appeared to involve the inhibition of $NF{-\kappa}B$ activation. The $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$-stimulated RIN cells showed increases in $NF{-\kappa}B$ binding activityand $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation in cytosol compared to unstimulated cells. However, pretreatment with RTE inhibited cytokines-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation and $NF{-\kappa}B$ activation in RINm5F cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of RTE were verified via protection of impairment in glucose-stimulated insulin secretions in $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$-treated islets.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (C. japonicum) extract on serum level of hormones from induced osteoporosis by ovariectomized rats. Two month-old rats were ovariectomized (OVX), remained untreated for 8 weeks, and were subsequently administered C. japonicum (200 mg/kg) every day for 8 weeks. We examined the effects of treated C. japonicum on ovariectomy-related changes in Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF), Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGBF-3), Estrogen, Calcium, and Phosporus. After 8 weeks, the serum levels of IGF-I, -II, and IGFBP-3 were higher presented as compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05), in the C. japonicum extract treatment on OVX rats. There were differences between OVX and C. japonicum extract treated OVX rats in serum levels of $Ca^{2+}$, but $Ca^{2+}$ levels for the normal group was higher than for the other two groups. The C. japonicum extract increased both serum IGFs and IGFBP-3 levels on induced osteoporotic rat by ovariectomized. Thus, these results revealed that the C. japonicum extract is a possible role for improvement of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats and has a great potential as an alternative tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety of the Allium Fistulosum extract in children and its effectiveness in height growth. Methods This study is randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants are children between the 3rd and 25th percentiles in height, and between the ages of 5 and 12 years. They are randomly assigned to treatment group or control group. The treatment group will take 5 g (1 g as Allium Fistulosum extract) for 24 weeks, 1 time a day. The control group will take the 5 g (0 g as Allium Fistulosum extract) of placebo for 24 weeks, 1 time a day. The primary outcome is change in height, and the secondary outcomes are growth rate, height standard deviations, Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF1-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, growth hormone, bone age, osteocalcin, and Z-score for growth. Results This protocol has been approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University (IRB No. DJDSKH-20-BM-15), and registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (Registry No. KCT0005981). Conclusions This study will provide clinical information about the effectiveness and safety of Allium Fistulosum extract in children for their growth.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2023

Objectives We aimed to confirm whether Humulus japonicus Extract Powder can enhance child height growth significantly and safely compared with a placebo. Methods A total of 150 children between the 3rd and 25th percentiles in height and between the ages of 6 and 9 years will be recruited to participate in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The participants will be randomly assigned to the treatment or placebo group. Participants in the treatment group will take one pack per day (700 mg of Humulus japonicus Extract Powder) for 24 weeks. Participants in the placebo group will take one package of placebo per day (0 mg of Humulus japonicus Extract Powder) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be a change in height after 12 weeks, and the secondary outcomes will be the height after 24 weeks, growth rate, height standard deviation, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and osteocalcin after 12 and 24 weeks. Results This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Korean Medicine Hospital of Busan University (IRB No. PNUKHIRB-2023-03-002). Research participants will be recruited from June 2023 to December 2023. Conclusions The results of this study provide clinical information regarding the effectiveness and safety of the Humulus japonicus Extract Powder in increasing child height.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.100004.1-100004.11
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• 2024

Insulin is essential for maintaining normoglycemia and is predominantly secreted in response to glucose stimulation by β-cells. Incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, also stimulate insulin secretion. However, as obesity and type 2 diabetes worsen, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide loses its insulinotropic efficacy, whereas GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists continue to be effective owing to its signaling switch from Gs to Gq. Herein, we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced a transition from Gs to Gq in GLP-1R signaling in mouse islets. Intriguingly, chemical chaperones known to alleviate ER stress, such as 4-PBA and TUDCA, enforced GLP-1R's Gq utilization rather than reversing GLP-1R's signaling switch induced by ER stress or obese and diabetic conditions. In addition, the activation of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) or activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), 2 key ER stress-associated signaling (unfolded protein response) factors, promoted Gs utilization in GLP-1R signaling, whereas Gq employment by ER stress was unaffected by XBP1 or ATF6 activation. Our study revealed that ER stress and its associated signaling events alter GLP-1R's signaling, which can be used in type 2 diabetes treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2024

Background: 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is widely used as a flame-retardant plasticizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride, adhesives, and food packaging. This chemical has been frequently detected in water, sediment, and indoor environments, and its lipophilicity raises concerns about bioaccumulation. Objectives: In this study, the effects of EHDPP on the development, behavioral changes, and growth hormone (GH) endocrine system of zebrafish larvae were investigated. Methods: Fertilized embryos were exposed to various concentrations (control, solvent control, 0.07, 0.7, 7, 70, and 700 ㎍/L) of EHDPP for 96 h. Developmental toxicity endpoints were observed daily. Behavioral changes under light-dark-light conditions and changes in hormones and genes related to GH/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) axis were determined. Results: Significant decreases in survival, body length and moving distance were observed in zebrafish larvae exposed to 70 and 700 ㎍/L EHDPP. The concentrations of GH and IGF-1 were significantly decreased in zebrafish larvae exposed to 70 and 700 ㎍/L EHDPP. This change was well supported by changes in the transcription of genes involved in GH, IGF, IGF receptors, and IGF binding proteins. Conclusions: Our observations showed that exposure to 70 and 700 ㎍/L EHDPP could disrupt the feedback circuits of the GH/IGFs axis, ultimately leading to developmental toxicity, hypoactivity, and mortality.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2014

비만은 감염원 없이 진행되는 낮은 수준의 만성적인 전신성 염증상태로 간주되며, 만성대사질환의 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 미나리를 발효하여 만든 식초가 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 분화 및 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 항염증 효과에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. MDI (IBMX, dexamethasone, insulin)에 의해 분화가 유발된 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 대한 미나리 식초의 분화 억제능을 Oil-red-O staining을 통해 확인하였으며, western blot법을 통해 지방세포 형성 시 중요한 전사인자인 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$)와 CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$)의 발현을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 미나리 식초가 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)에 의해 염증이 유발 된 RAW 264.7 세포의 nitric oxide (NO) 생성을 억제시켰으며, inducible NO synthase (iNOS)와 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)의 단백질 발현을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 미나리 발효 식초는 지방세포 분화와 염증 억제 효과를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 미나리 발효 식초는 대사성 질환을 예방할 수 있는 천연물 소재로 이용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6299-6303
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor with multifunctional roles in the IGF axis. Recently, there have been a growing body of studies investigating the relation between the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism, circulating IGFBP3 and prostate cancer risk, but their outcomes varied leading to controversy. Hence, it is necessary to perform a meta-analysis covering all eligible studies to shed a light on the association of IGFBP3 A-202C and cancer risk. Finally, we included a total of 11 relevant articles between 2003 and 2010 covering 14 case-control studies including 9,238 cases and 8,741 controls for our analysis. Our results showed that A-202C was a marginal risk factor of prostate cancer (allele contrast: OR=1.08, 95% CI :1.01-1.16; dominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.01-1.22; heterozygote codominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.03-1.18; homozygote contrast: OR=1.19, 95% CI :1.03-1.37). Stratification analysis revealed that sample size and control source were two major heterogeneous meta-factors especially in the recessive model (source: Population-based control group :p=0.30,I2=16.7%, Hospital-based control group: p=0.20, I2=30.3%; sample size: Small: p=0.22,I2= 32.8%, Medium: p=0.09,I2=48%, Large p=0.60,I2=0.0%); However, contrary to previous findings, no significance was found in racial subgroups. No significant publication bias was found in our analysis. Considering the robustness of the results and the discrepancy among some studies, there might be some unsolved confounding factors, and further more critical large studies are needed for confirmation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effects of adding sea mustard Undaria pinnatifida glycoprotein to the diet of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus on its growth, and levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and interleukins. Three experimental diets (U0, U0.5, and U1.0) were formulated that contained different amounts of an extract of U. pinnatifida (0, 0.5, and 1.0%, respectively). Experimental groups were established in triplicate (30 fish/group) and fed for 12 weeks. The experimental group fed 1.0% added U. pinnatifida glycoprotein had the greatest rate of weight gain, which differed significantly from the other experimental groups. SDS-PAGE of the plasma IGF-I and muscle protein showed that the experimental groups taking U. pinnatifida glycoprotein had significantly more IGF-I and a ca. 200 kDa protein, as compared to the control group. In addition, the amount of IGFBP-3 at ca. 43 kDa increased in the group given the U. pinnatifida extract, as compared to the control group. The interluekin-2, -4, -6, and -12 levels paralleled the level of growth factor in the groups given the U. pinnatifida extract. In conclusion, supplementing the diet of olive flounder with U. pinnatifida glycroprotein improved its growth and immunity.