• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.473-483
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• 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of 2-butoxyethanol after intratracheal instillation in male rats. Methods: In order to calculate median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 2-butoxyethanol using Probit analysis with SAS program, the 2-butoxyethanol was administered with dose levels of 0, 101.64, 203.28 and 406.56 mg/kg by once intratracheal instillation to male rats. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, organ weights, hematology, and serum biochemistry were examined. At the end of 14 days observation period, all animals were sacrificed and gross finding and histopathological examination were performed. Results: All animals of 406.56 mg/kg group died within 2 weeks after the administration of 2-butoxyethanol. Treatment-related clinical signs, gross observation and histopathological changes (mucous cell hyperplasia, alveolar macrophage aggregation, and hemorrhage) of lung exhibited an increased in 2-butoxyethanol treated groups in a dose dependent manner. However, there were no changes in the organ weights, hematology and serum biochemistry, and histopathology of any other organ except lung. Conclusions: On the basis of the results, it was concluded that a single intratracheal instillation of 2-butoxyethanol in male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in some adverse effects on mortality, clinical sign, and histopathology in the lung. In the experimental conditions, the LD₅₀ of 2-butoxyethanol was considered to be 287.2 mg/kg and lung was founded to be the target organ of 2-butoxyethanol.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.454-458
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• 2002

목 적 : BCG접종 후에 소속 림프절에 발생하는 화농성 림프절염은 비교적 심각한 부작용 중 가장 흔하다. 대부분 치료를 하지 않더라도 결국은 퇴행되지만, 보통 몇 주 또는 몇 개월 동안 배농이 지속되어 매우 불편하고, 상당한 예에서 궤양으로 남게된다. Pan American Health Organization은 isoniazid 또는 rifampicin 국소 주입을 권장하였다. 이에 저자들은 BCG접종 후에 발생한 화농성 림프절염을 rifampicin 국소 주입으로 치료한 경험을 보고하고자 한다. 방 법 : 최근 3년간 대한결핵협회 결핵연구원 및 본원에서 BCG에 의한 림프절염으로 진단된 영아를 대상으로 하였다. BCG 림프절염은 동측의 액와부 또는 쇄골상부에 생긴 림프절염으로, BCG 접종 외에는 림프절염의 다른 원인이 없을 때 진단하였다. 화농하지 않고 림프절이 커져 있는 경우에는 자연 소실될 가능성이 있으므로 경과를 관찰하다가, 화농하면 자연적으로 파열되기 전에 주사기로 림프절을 흡인하고 rifampicin을 국소 주입하였다. 결 과 : BCG에 의한 림프절염 환아 37명을 경험하였다. 1) 림프절염의 양상 : 림프절염은 BCG를 접종한 후 대부분 4개월 이내에 발생하였다. 발생부위는 대부분 좌측 액와부였고, 쇄골상부에 생긴 예도 있었다. 크기는 대부분 2-3 cm였고, 5 cm 이상인 경우도 있었다. 2) 림프절염의 치료 : 37명 중 3명은 림프절염이 화농하지 않고 자연적으로 소실되거나 크기가 감소하였다. 화농하면 rifampicin을 주입하려고 경과를 관찰하다가 9명은 시술 전에 자연적으로 터져서 배농되어 드레싱만으로 치유되었다. 25명은 림프절염이 화농되어 주사기로 흡인한 후에 rifampicin을 국소로 주입하였다. 18명은 한번 시술해서 치유가 되었다. 7명에서는 한번 시술한 후에 다시 유동성이 생겨서 한번 더 시술하였다. 이중 1명은 두번 시술하였으나 크기가 더이상 감소하지 않아서 외과적 절제술을 고려하고 있다. Rifampicin 국소 주입 후 많은 경우에서 몇 일 이내에 배농이 없어지고, 그 이후 크기가 감소하였다. 림프절이 크면 일부에서 배농이 1-2개월 지속되었다. 결 론 : BCG에 의한 림프절염 중 일부는 자연적으로 소실된다. 화농성 림프절염으로 이행되면 침흡인 후에 rifampicin을 국소 주입하는 방법이 효과적이다. 즉 자연적 배농을 방지하고 비교적 빠른 시간 내에 림프절염이 치유된다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.101-101
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• 2004

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 1992

The most common symptom associated with an pulmonary aspergilloma is hemoptysis, with estimates of frequency ranging from 50 to 85 percent of patients. Hemoptysis may be infrequent and minimal in amount or it may be severe with a fatal outcome. The major options available for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma include sugical resection of the lesion, a number of medical therapies, or simple observation of the patient for a time. Surgery is the treatment of choice but it is not feasible in some patients who have diffuse or advanced pulmonary disease that makes them poor candidates for thoracotomy. As an alternative to it, some categories of therapy including bronchial artery embolization and parenteral or endobronchial administration of antifungal drugs were tried without remarkable success. But percutaneous instillation of intracavitary amphotericin B for symptomatic aspergilloma has been reported with better result. The authors present a case of percutaneous intracavitary instillation of amphotericin B for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma and its successful result for the repetitive hemoptysis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2008

Background: The use of regional local anesthetics or opioids during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), in combination with general anesthesia, has been investigated in several interventional studies. Methods: We studied a total of 240 (n = 60, each) patients who were undergoing LC, and they received local infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation with normal saline or 0.25% levobupivacaine 60 ml. Group R (S) received infiltration of normal saline 20 ml before incision and at the end of surgery and then 40 ml intraperitoneal instillation after removal of the gall bladder under remifentanil-based anesthesia. Group R (L) received 0.25% levobupivacaine instead of normal saline in the same method like group R (S). Group S (S) received the same method as group R (S) under sevoflurane based anesthesia in place of remifentanil. Group S (L) received 0.25% levobupivacaine instead of normal saline with the same method as group S (S). Pain was assessed on a visual analog scale at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Results: The pain intensity of Group R (L) was significantly lower than that of group R (S), and the the incisional pain of group S (L) was significantly lower than that of group S (S) in the first six hours. The time delay to first operative analgesics in group R (S) and group S (S) was significantly shorter than that of group R (L) and group S (L). Conclusions: Infiltration and instillation of levobupivacaine reduced the postoperative pain and remifentanil did not increase the pain severity and opioid requirement when performing the LC.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to produce data on the pulmonary toxicity of neodymium oxide($Nd_2O_3$) by intratracheal instillation. Methods: Two groups of rats were exposed to neodymium oxide by intratracheal instillation with doses of 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg, respectively. At two days, four weeks and 12 weeks after exposure, body weight change, organ weight change and histopathological change were observed. At 12 weeks after exposure, lung function change was measured. Results: The body weight of rats in the high concentration group decreased after 12 weeks by 4-5% compared with the control group. At four weeks and 12 weeks after the administration of neodymium oxide, the absolute weight of the lungs of the high concentration group were significantly increased when compared with the control group(p<0.05). At 12 weeks after the injection of neodymium oxide, breath frequency and respiratory minute volume were increased, but inhalation time and expiratory time were decreased. Bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia, alveolar type II cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia and foreign body granulomatous inflammation were observed in the high exposure group. Conclusions: Body weight decrease, lung absolute weight and breath frequency increase, and pathological lung change were all observed. We found that pulmonary toxicity of neodymium oxide nanoparticles by intratracheal instillation could be confirmed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2012

Objectives: To assess the hazard of Korea chrysotile and anthophylite, fibers were analyzed for their physicochemical properties by transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDS). Methods: To evaluate the biopersistence of 2 domestic asbestos, Sprague-Dawely rats were exposed to 2 mg asbestos by intratracheal instillation. Each asbestos (chrysotile ; $8,814,244{\times}10^6$ fibers/mg, average size $0.08{\mu}m{\times}4.39{\mu}m$, anthophyllite ; $5,182{\times}10^6$ fibers/mg, average size $0.95{\mu}m{\times}7.29{\mu}m$) were evaluated after a single intratracheal instillation. At times from 1 week to 4 weeks after exposure, the numbers of asbestos fivers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the lung were calculated. Results: Anthophyllite fivers continuously have retained for 4 weeks but chrysotile fivers were rarely found at 4 weeks after exposure in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Chrysotile fivers at 4 weeks after treatment were not observed but anthophyllite was easily observed in the lung with phase contrast microscopy. According to electron microscopic observation of asbestos in the lung, within 1 week after the administration of chrysotile fivers were decreased rapidly but anthophyllite fivers were very little change for 4 weeks. When chrysotile fivers have been lost Fe in 1 week, there were no significant changes in anthophyllite fivers in the lung. Conclusions: These findings indicate that after a long time exposure to chrysotile, asbestos bodies can not be found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.374-383
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• 2006

연구배경: 급성폐손상에서 활성산소종에 의한 산화 손상은 주요한 역할을 한다. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) 는 체내에서 생성되는 pyruvate의 유도체로 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 있음이 알려졌다. 저자들은 리포다당질에 의한 급성폐손상 모델에서 EP가 염증반응에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법: 5주 령의 BALB/c 생쥐를 이용하여 리포다당질을 기관 내로 투여하여 급성폐손상을 유도하였다. 대조군, LPS군, EP+LPS군, LPS+EP군으로 나누어 기관지폐포세척액에서 TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 및 myeloperoxidase (MPO)의 활성을, 폐조직에서 급성폐손상 지수와 NF-$\kappa$B의 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과: EP+LPS군에서 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL-6의 농도는 LPS군과 비교하여 감소하였고 (p<0.05) 이들 염증성 시토카인의 농도의 변화는 NF-$\kappa$B의 농도의 변화와 상관 관계를 보였다 (p<0.01). 급성폐손상 지수는 EP+LPS군 및 LPS+EP군에서 LPS군과 비교하여 낮았고 (p<0.05) MPO활성은 EP+LPS군에서 LPS군에 비해 낮았다 (p<0.05). 결 론: EP는 LPS로 인한 급성폐손상에 있어서 예방 및 치료 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes in the density of colonic endocrine cells - argyrophil and argentaffin cells, chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-containing cells in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis. Ulcerative colitis was induced by the instillation of 10 mg of TNBS into the colonic lumen through the anus. To confirm the inducement of ulcerative colitis, the macroscopic and microscopic scores as well as the colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were monitored for 8 days after TNBS instillation in the colonic lumens. In addition, the number of argyrophil and argentaffin cells, CGA, serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were counted in the colonic mucosa, respectively. After TNBS instillation into the lumen of the colon from the anus in rats, increases in macroscopic and microscopic scores in the colon tissues were observed along with increases in the colonic MPO activities. Therefore, ulcerative colitis was relatively well induced by the TNBS instillations. Marked decreases in the number of colonic endocrine cells were detected in the TNBS-treated animal compared to the sham control. These results suggest that colonic endocrine cells were also disrupted by TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2022

Many commonly used household chemicals and medical eye drops look alike, resulting in a worldwide increase in incidences of accidents caused by confusion between similar-looking agents. In this case report, we present two patients who visited the emergency department following inadvertent instillation of tinea pedis treatment solution instead of eye drops. Both patients developed corneal chemical burns following the accidental application. Notably, the visual acuity and symptoms eventually recovered for both patients after hospitalization. However, complete recovery occurred only after several weeks. Both patients were relatively old and had been prescribed eye drops after previous ophthalmic surgery. Since the eye is a sensory organ that receives visual information, ocular injuries significantly affect the quality of life and social functioning of the patient. Incidences of accidental misidentification of eye drops are steadily increasing in South Korea; unfortunately, regulatory policies are unavailable to avoid such hazards. Therefore, physicians should be mindful of the potential risks associated with misidentification of everyday household products and must spend time educating patients when prescribing eye drops. Policy regulations are warranted for products with containers that resemble eye drop bottles. Such items need to be clearly labeled with additional warnings to prevent misidentification and accidental ocular instillation.