• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.223-252
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• 2017

This study explores effects of two types of chatbots - voice-based and text-based - on Korean EFL learners' speaking competence and learner perception. Participants were 80 freshmen students taking an English-speaking class at a university in Korea. They were divided into two experimental groups at random. During the sixteen-week experimental period, participants engaged in 10 chat sessions with the two different types of chatbots. To take a close examination of effects on the improvement of speaking competence, they took the TOEIC speaking test as pre- and post-tests. Structured questionnaire-based surveys were conducted before and after treatment to determine if there are changes in perception. Findings reveal two chatbots effectively contribute to improvement of speaking competence among EFL learners. Particularly, the voice-based chatbot was as effective as the text-based chatbot. An analysis of survey results indicates perception of chatbot-assisted language learning changed positively over time. In particular, most participants preferred voice-based chatbot over text-based chatbot. This study provides insight on the use of chatbots in EFL learning, suggesting that EFL teachers should integrate chatbot technology in their classrooms.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.243-256
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• 2019

Determination of the most meaningful structural modes and gaining insight into how these modes evolve are important issues for long-term structural health monitoring of the long-span bridges. To address this issue, modal parameters identified throughout the life of the bridge need to be compared and linked with each other, which is the process of mode tracking. The modal frequencies for a long-span bridge are typically closely-spaced, sensitive to the environment (e.g., temperature, wind, traffic, etc.), which makes the automated tracking of modal parameters a difficult process, often requiring human intervention. Machine learning methods are well-suited for uncovering complex underlying relationships between processes and thus have the potential to realize accurate and automated modal tracking. In this study, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), a popular unsupervised machine learning method, is employed to automatically determine and update baseline modal properties from the identified unlabeled modal parameters. On this foundation, a new mode tracking method is proposed for automated mode tracking for long-span bridges. Firstly, a numerical example for a three-degree-of-freedom system is employed to validate the feasibility of using GMM to automatically determine the baseline modal properties. Subsequently, the field monitoring data of a long-span bridge are utilized to illustrate the practical usage of GMM for automated determination of the baseline list. Finally, the continuously monitoring bridge acceleration data during strong typhoon events are employed to validate the reliability of proposed method in tracking the changing modal parameters. Results show that the proposed method can automatically track the modal parameters in disastrous scenarios and provide valuable references for condition assessment of the bridge structure.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.239-262
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• 2019

This study deals with the anxieties that originated from specific student questions. Through the analysis of the textbooks, we confirmed that the question was a sufficiently plausible question. Third interviews were also held with three high school students. Through the interviews, we analyzed students' expressions about the new correspondence relationship that the two correspondence relations are linked. In the determination of the composite function and the determination of the inverse function existence, We have observed a case of how the worries about domain are being reconstructed from students into meaningful mathematical knowledge. Through this, we confirmed that the question will be confusing to students in the field. In this study, we observed the transfer of domain in relation to student domain in composite function. In particular, a present study revealed that the students involved in the interview were influenced by this domain transfer phenomenon in determining whether the task given in the interview was a function. This was the same in determining the existence of a inverse function. The examples presented in this study are limited to specific cases in limited circumstances. Therefore, it can not be applied directly to teaching and learning situations. However, it is expected that this study will provide other researchers with insight into function learning related research.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1172-1180
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• 2004

Recently, the gene expression data, product of high-throughput technology, appeared in earnest and the studies related with it (so-called bioinformatics) occupied an important position in the field of biological and medical research. The microarray is a revolutionary technology which enables us to monitor several thousands of genes simultaneously and thus to gain an insight into the phenomena in the human body (e.g. the mechanism of cancer progression) at the molecular level. To obtain useful information from such gene expression measurements, it is essential to analyze the data with appropriate techniques. However the high-dimensionality of the data can bring about some problems such as curse of dimensionality and singularity problem of matrix computation, and hence makes it difficult to apply conventional data analysis methods. Therefore, the development of method which can effectively treat the data becomes a challenging issue in the field of computational biology. This research focuses on the gene selection and classification for cancer subtype discrimination based on gene expression (microarray) data.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

The conception of the computer education should be paid attention to use, as it has meaning of the education using the computer and the education learning the computer. As a notion of the latter, the computer education points at survey of calculation and study which is related programing. Especially study of programing demands various understandings of external fields in programing like operating system and knowledge of hardware with complex courses like coding, compiling, debugging. Existing programming has set importance on mechanical memorizing and using programing grammar so that it has not been suitable for cultivating logical thoughts. So this paper intends to analyze simple game sources coded by C which is based of programing language to develop a fundamental insight.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.338-348
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe healing effects of the forest on alcoholics through a forest experience program. Methods: The qualitative data was gathered from one focus group discussion with 6 alcoholics and individual interviews with 8 alcoholics. They had all participated in a "healing forest" program. All interviews were recorded and transcribed according to thematic content analysis processes. Results: The four main themes on the attributes of forest were "a lively living being", "placidity and tranquility", "acceptive atmosphere", and "beautifulness as it is" which revealed the participants' perceived nature of the forest which was attributed to the healing effects. Eight other themes on participants' positive changes included "revived senses", "aspired to live", "relieved and relaxed from being tense", "gaining insight on self", "having an acceptive attitude", "becoming compliant with his/her life", "learning that life is being together" and "recognizing the value of one's existence". Conclusion: The findings of the study illustrated the participants' self-healing processes through interactions with the nature of the forest. Nursing interventions utilizing healing atmospheres such as "healing forest" programs can be considered helpful in providing a venue to alcoholics to reflect on their lives affirmatively.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.246-264
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• 2020

As netizens increasingly utilize social media to obtain and engage with information, this study aims to determine the extent to which the follower-influencer interaction is manifested and strengthened. To analyze information related to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a total of 62,119 online posts from 11 Internet forums were examined to find a relationship between followers and influencers in Taiwan. These forums are PTT, SOGO, Ck101, Plurk, Mobile01, TalkFetnet, Gamez, PlaySport, Dcard, Eyny, and PCDVD. The variables that were the best predictors of influencer classification were strong influences, engagements, and hot values across 11 Internet forums. Learning the response to the COVID-19 pandemic is vital because public actions could have been fueled by stigmatizing terms that may harm public health and well-being. The results questioned the conventional diffusion of traditional news sources because the influencers brought widespread attention to the health threat issues in the early outbreak stages. This study enhances the understanding of forum types, follower engagement, and influencers' impact maximization in social networks. The conclusion provides insight into the relationships and information diffusion mechanisms to ensure accurate health information dissemination.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

Purpose: There is increasing attention to smart-learning as a new education paradigm. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of intention to use smart-based Continuing Nurse Education (CNE) and factors influencing intention to use smart-based CNE. Methods: Participants were 486 nurses from 14 organizations, including 12 hospitals, a nurses association, and an office of education. Data were collected from November 5 to 18, 2014 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score for intention to use smart-based CNE was 6.34 out of 10. The factors influencing intention to use smart-based CNE were nursing informatics competency, current unit career, and smartphone addiction. These variables explained 10% of variance in intention to use smart-based CNE. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that efforts to enhance the nursing informatics competency of nurses could increase usage rate of smart-based CNE. The CNE policy makers will find this study very useful and the findings of this study will help to provide insight into the best way to develop smart-based CNE.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2001

The aim of this study is classify knowledge work style management for knowledge management. It is based on the knowledge creation model of Nonaka by subdividing types of knowledge workers. It was designed to create a model for application to the actual environment of management. Nonaka suggested the process of socialization, externalization, combination, internalization that the knowledge of a person creates new knowledge through the interaction of implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge. This research demonstrated that knowledge worker of 16 forms by applying SECI model to the main function and the subordinate functions again. This study aims at achieving a higher outcome by applying the ability of existing knowledge worker to subdivided expert field efficiently. Suggested styles of knowledge worker in this research are classified into craftsman style, pragmatic style, combination style, developed style knowledge worker who creates knowledge by selecting socialization as the function and again by selecting externalization combination, internalization as subordinate functions. And they were classified into creation style, insight style, strategy style according to practical application worker and function which is selecting externalization as the main function and socialization as the subordinate functions. They were classified into future style, innovation style, analysis style, judgement style knowledge worker who are selecting combination as the main function and experiment style, intuition style, research style, learning style worker who are selecting internalization as the main function. They suggested the characteristics and cases of each type.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2002

The intent of this study is to develop system dynamics model for assessment of organizational and human factors in nuclear power plant which can contribute to secure the nuclear safety. Previous studies are classified into two major approaches. One is engineering approach such as ergonomics and probability safety assessment(PSA). The other is social science approach such like sociology, organization theory and psychology. Both have contributed to find organization and human factors and to present guideline to lessen human error in NPP. But, since these methodologies assume that relationship among factors is independent they don't explain the interactions among factors or variables in NPP. To overcome these limits, we have developed system dynamics model which can show cause and effect among factors and quantify organizational and human factors. The model we developed is composed of 16 functions of job process in nuclear power, and shows interactions among various factors which affects employees' productivity and job quality. Handling variables such like degree of leadership, adjustment of number of employee, and workload in each department, users can simulate various situations in nuclear power plant in the organization side. Through simulation, user can get insight to improve safety in plants and to find managerial tools in the organization and human side. Analyzing pattern of variables, users can get knowledge of their organization structure, and understand stands of other departments or employees. Ultimately they can build learning organization to secure optimal safety in nuclear power plant.