• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.272-286
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• 2019

Developing elite hybrid rice varieties is one important objective of rice breeding programs. Several genes related to male sterilities, restores, and pollinators have been identified through map-based gene cloning within natural variations of rice. These identified genes are good targets for introducing genetic traits in molecular breeding. This study was conducted to breed elite hybrid lines with major genes related to hybrid traits and disease/insect resistance in 240 genetic resources and F₁ hybrid combinations of rice. Molecular markers were reset for three major hybrid genes (S5, Rf3, Rf4) and thirteen disease/insect resistant genes (rice bacterial blight resistance genes Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13, Xa21; blast resistance genes Pita, Pib, Pi5, Pii; brown planthopper resistant genes Bph18(t) and tungro virus resistance gene tsv1). Genotypes were then analyzed using molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). Biological assay was then performed at the Red River Delta region in Vietnam using eleven F₁ hybrid combinations and two control vatieties. Results showed that nine F₁ hybrid combinations were highly resistant to rice bacterial blight and blast. Finally, eight F₁ hybrid rice varieties with resistance to disease/insect were selected from eleven F₁ hybrid combinations. Their characteristics such as agricultural traits and yields were then investigated. These F₁ hybrid rice varieties developed with major genes related to hybrid traits and disease/insect resistant genes could be useful for hybrid breeding programs to achieve high yield with biotic and abiotic resistance.

• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용곤충학회 2001년도 추계 합동 심포지엄 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2001

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2001

Insect pests can be controlled through direct application of insecticides. Insect control by residual protectants is relatively inexpensive and has an advantage of destroying all stages of infestations. The efficacy of control is largely determined by the concentration of insecticides to which the pest species is exposed. A reduction in the period of control in the field afforded by a specific level of a protectant indicates that resistance has developed. An increase in the level of protectant is required to maintain control, and the efficacy of currently used insecticides has been severely reduced by insecticide resistance in pest species. Development of resistance to particular insecticide varies with species because insecticide resistance is often correlated with increased levels of certain enzymes, which are cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Some sections of insecticide molecules can be modified by one or more of these primary enzymes. A reduction in the sensitivity of the action site of a xenobiotic also constitutes a mechanism of resistance. Acetylcholinesterase is a major target site for insecticide action, as are axonal sodium ion channels and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid receptors. Development of reduced sensitivity of these target sites to insecticides usually occurs. This review not only may contribute to a better understanding of insecticide resistance, but also illustrates the gaps still present for a full biochemical understanding of the resistance.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.410-412
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• 2011

2000년대 후반부터 고흥지역의 비파나무(Eriobotrya japonica)와 제주지역의 홍가시나무(Photinia glabra)에 Entomosporium mespili에 의한 극심한 점무늬병이 발생하기 시작하였다. 따라서 방제효과가 높은 살균제를 선발하기 위하여 이 연구를 수행하였다. 효과를 검정한 3개의 농약 중 비파나무 점무늬병에는 propiconazole 처리가 방제가 64.1%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 홍가시나무 점무늬병에는 chlorothalonil 처리가 방제가 87.6%로 가장 높게 나타났다. Thiopanate-methyl 처리는 방제가가 비교적 낮게 나타났고, propiconazole은 홍가시나무에 약해를 나타내었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is an insect pest that significantly affects crop production. A number of pesticides have been used for aphid control, but their concerns on insect resistance and food safety have required alternative methods for pest management. In an effort to find for an alternative approach to aphid control, we screened plants extracts and examined their potentiality as insecticidal bio-resources. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety eight plant extracts were examined for insecticidal activity against the aphid, and the best candidate among them was chosen for further study. The extracts from Cinnamomum camphora was determined to be the best candidate exhibiting insecticidal activity more than 60% at a level of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. GC/MS analyses detected camphor, borneol, 4-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol and caryophyllene oxide as major compositions from the extracts obtained by hydrodistillation. Caryophyllene oxide exhibited the highest insecticidal activity with a $LC_{50}$ value of $237{\mu}g/mL$. Camphor lowered significantly the $LC_{50}$ value of caryophyllene oxide and increased largely its concentration in aphid, suggesting that camphor played a role in enhancing the insecticidal activity of caryophyllene oxide. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that camphor and caryophyllene oxide may be used as an insecticidal bio-resource for insect control against green peach aphid.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

Transformed Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells expressing baculovirus very late factor (VLF-1) were constructed by using Autograha nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) immediate earthy gene (ie1). Neomycin-resistance gene as a selectable marker was introduced under the control of AcNPV ie1 promoter, and Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis (BmNPV-K1) vlf-1 gene was introduced under the control of the Drosophila heat shock protein gene (hspr70) promoter to yield dual expression plasmid with two independent transcription units. It was transfected into Sf9 cells and cell clones expressing vlf-1 were selected by G4l8 treatment. Genomic DNA from transformed cells was isolated and integration of AcNPV iel harboring vlf-1 was confirmed by PCR using AcNPV iel-specific primers and Southern blot analysis. The transformed cells expressing VLF-1 in an infection-independent manner expressed foreign gene product of recombinant baculovirus in the earlier stage of infection compared with control Sf9 cells. These results suggest the possible to develop highly efficient transformed insect cells for baculovirus expression vector system.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.183-197
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• 2007

Field trial was conducted at the Research Farm of the Katsina State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority during the farming season of 2004 with a view to evaluate/determine the efficacy of some selected plant-derived biopesticides against the insect pests of cowpea as well as their effect on yield. The variety of the cowpea used was IT86D-719 and the plant derived biopesticides evaluated during the trial were chilli pepper, garlic, ginger, neem, sweetsop and tobacco. The experimental field was ploughed, harrowed and thereafter ridged before the commencement of the 2004 planting season. A total of twenty one (21) experimental plots were demarcated and arranged into seven treatment plots. The size of each plot was $5m{\times}4m$ while interspaces between adjacent plot and blocks were 1m and 2m, respectively. Results of the experiments showed that all the plant-derived biopesticide treatments were significantly (p>0.05) better than control treatment. The order of effectiveness of the treatments was tobacco (80-90%), sweetsop (75-85%), garlic (70-80), neem (72-78%), chilli pepper (60-70%) and ginger (30-50%). Furthermore, yield result corresponded positively with the effectiveness of the treatments. Results of the present finding suggest the use of tobacco, sweetsop and garlic as promising biopesticides in the control of cowpea insect pests.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used as biological control agents for control of various agro-forest insect pests, and are especially effective against soil-dwelling insect pests. Effect of soil moisture on pathogenicity of commercial EPNs for white grub control was evaluated in laboratory, pots, and golf courses. Pathogenicity of EPNs in sand column was variable depending on depth, soil moisture, and EPN species or strain. All tested EPNs (Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH1, Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH2, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1, and S. longicaudum Nonsan strain) showed similar pathogenicity against the bait insect, great wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larva at 2 cm deep at a given soil moisture. However, pathogenicity of the Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH1 strain was decreased with increasing soil moisture. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain was the lowest in 3% soil moisture (v/w) at 7 cm depth. However, there was no difference in pathogenicity between Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH2 and S. longicaudum Nonsan strain. Although pathogenicity of Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP strain showed no difference against the 2nd instar of Exomala orientalis, that of the S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain was decreased in the laboratory depending on soil moisture. Highly pathogenic strain EPN, Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP strain, showed higher pathogenicity at 100 mm irrigation than non-irrigation or 10 mm irrigation. However, poor pathogenic strain EPN, S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain, was not different in pathogenicity from the 2nd instar of Exomala orientalis in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) depending on irrigation amount in the pot. Pathogenicity of EPNs in field experiment at the tee of Ulsan golf club showed a similar trend to that in the pot experiment.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2000

택사 2모작 재배시 몇가지 진딧물 살충제 처리가 살충효과와 택사의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 진딧물 방제가는 약제 살포후 5일 조사에서는 무처리에 비하여 Methomyl-Lf, 24.1%(메소밀 액제 )·, Imidacloprid-Wp, 10%(이미다클로프리드 수화제)[코니도]·, Carbosulfan-Wp, 20%(카보설 수화제)[포수]·, Methomyl-Wp, 45%(메소밀 수화제)[란네이트] 처리에서 97.5%, 98.9%, 98.4%, 97.0%로 각각 높았으며 약제 살포후 10일 조사에서도 무처리에 비하여 Methomyl-Lf, 24.1%·Imidacloprid-Wp, 10%·Carbosulfan-Wp, 20%·Methomyl-Wp, 45% 처리에서 92.3%, 92.8%, 93.0%, 93.1%로 각각 높았다. 2. 10a당 건근수량 역시 무처리 232kg에 비하여 Methomyl-Wp, 45% 처리에서는 313kg으로 134%로 증수였으나 Methomyl-Lf, 24.1%·, Imidacloprid-Wp, 10%·, Carbosulfan-Wp, 20% 처리에서는 333kg, 341kg, 325kg으로 각각 143%, 146%, 140%의 높은 수량성으로 증수되는 경향이었다. 3. 약해 조사에서는 기준량에서는 약해증상이 전혀 없었고 배량에서는 약하게 증상이 보였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.114-149
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• 2017

전 세계적으로 주요 작물에서 식물 병원성 해충 및 선충으로 인한 작물 생산량 감소 등의 경제적 손실이 심각하다. 우리나라의 경우 시설 재배지의 연작으로 인해 해충과 선충의 발생이 증가하여 작물의 피해가 점차 증가하고 있는 추세다. 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 식물병원성 해충 및 선충의 방제법은 사용이 편리하고 비용이 저렴한 화학적 방제법을 이용하고 있지만 화학 농약의 남용으로 인한 약제 저항성이 발생하고, 화학 약품으로 인한 인체 유해성 및 환경오염 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이로 인해 최근 친환경적인 방제에 관한 지속적인 연구와 관심이 높아지면서 식물병원성 해충과 선충에 대하여 살충/살선충 활성을 나타내는 미생물을 생물학적 방제법으로 이용하기 위한 시도가 증가하고 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 식물병원성 해충과 선충에 대한 살충/살선충 활성을 나타내는 세균, 진균, 바이러스에 의한 살충 및 살선충 사례와 기전들을 소개하였다. 이러한 미생물의 활성은 외피 분해효소와 독소물질생산을 통한 직접적인 작용기전과 기주 식물의 저항성 유도를 통한 간접적인 작용기전에 의해서 일어난다. 본 리뷰를 통하여 선충과 해충에 대한 생물학적 방제법과 그 분자 작용기전에 대한 이해를 돕고, 최신 살충 및 살선충 연구들을 소개함으로써 국내의 농민들과 연구자들의 미생물을 기반으로 한 친환경적 해충 및 선충의 방제법에 대한 저변확대를 기대한다.