• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-28
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to compare of learning effects between the inquiry training model and traditional lecture method in the unit of food and nutrition of home economics in the middle school and propose a teaching-learning method of home economics in the middle school.For this study I sampled one hundred students both male and female who were in the first grade students of middle school in Ansan city.The students were divided into two groups each of which was composed of one male class and one female class. One was called the inquiry training model group, which was taught by the inquiry training model, the other the traditional lecture method group, which was taught by traditional lecture method .They learned about food and nutrition unit during the same time. To evaluate the effectiveness of learning, learning achievement degree, instruction interest degree, and the powers of exploration process, a creativity lest by using a Questionnaire was gIven.The resuits of this study are as follows: 1. In the traditional lecture method group between the inquiry training model one, the difference of learning achievement degree was not significant. The score of learning achieve ment degree in the inquiry training group, the female class got higher scores than .the maleone, but the difference was not significant. 2. In the test of instruction interest degree, the traditional lecture method group got higher scores than the inquiry training model one. (p<.001.). In the inquiry training group the male class got higher scores than the f ema Ie one. (p < .001 ) 3. In the test of powers of exploration process, the traditional lecture method group got higher scores than the inquiry training model one.( p< .00 1). In the inquiry training group, the male class got higher scores than the female one, but the difference was not significant. 4. In the test of creativity, the traditional lecture method group got higher scores than the inquiry training one. (p < .00 1). In the inquiry training group, the female class got higher scores than the male one, but the difference was not significant Therefore, the inquiry training model is the more effective instruction model for both male and female students, rather than the traditional lecture method for instruction interest de¬gree, powers of exploration process, creativity and extends instruction interest degree for the male studentsale students.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2018

This study analyzed variations of learning stress by comparing the salivary cortisol levels of students who participated in Earth Science inquiry activities. The cortisol concentrations between the pre- and post-inquiries of the sample of 34 university students, who had taken the course of 'Basic Earth Science and Experiments', were analyzed. The Earth Science inquiries consisted of geology and astronomy activities. The observational geology activities consisted of a session of 'structure contours and map patterns' and the cognitive astronomy activities consisted of a session of 'representations of horizontal and equatorial coordinates'. These Earth Science inquiry activities were found to cause students to have anxiety, and the thought processes that these activities involved were found to cause learning stress. The variations in cortisol concentrations of students increased by $1.6{\pm}5.9ng\;mL^{-1}$ after conducting observational activities in geology compared with $2.1{\pm}6.2ng\;mL^{-1}$ after doing cognitive activities in astronomy. The analysis of the observational activities in the geology inquiry activities indicated that they were consistent with low levels of learning stress. Conversely, the analysis of the cognitive activities in the astronomy inquiry activities showed significant individual variations in cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, individual differences in cognitive ability were reflected in the astronomy inquiry activities. While students, who received high scores, exhibited low levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, they showed high levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities. It was concluded that, in the case of students with high scores in the study, the level of learning stress increased due to the raised anxiety in cognitive inquiry activities. In contrast, students, who received low scores in the study, exhibited high levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, and low levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for evaluating final reports of free inquiry activity and to apply developed evaluation criteria to free inquiry activity reports. 323 inquiry reports submitted to internal contests in the elementary schools as well as 189 award-winning ones from the inquiry competition for students in Seoul were collected. Nine categories and 18 sub-categories of evaluation criteria were derived by collecting reports analysis, literature reviews and interviews with 15 elementary school teachers. Criteria for each sub-category were organized into three steps and 12 elementary school teachers assigned scores for each sub-category, which were averaged. 132 including both award-winning and general reports were evaluated based on the developed evaluation criteria. The content validity and the reliability across scorers were significant. Furthermore, award-winning and general reports were significantly distinguished by the developed criteria in terms of all sub-category scores. The developed evaluation criteria will be an effective tool to asses student's free inquiry activity.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2005

In this study the effects of science teaming with the level of inquiry requirement in elementary school science experiment instruction were investigated on cognitive domain. We assigned seventy-three students of the fifth grade into two groups according to the levels of inquiry requirement. After each instruction was implemented, the characteristics of the students' tearning science on cognitive domain were compared and analyzed with the levels of them. The higher level (HL) inquiry-required instruction was more effective in increasing and maintaining the memory on the science teaming than the lower level (LL). Especially, in the aspects of the experimental methods and taking cares which the students engage and perform actively rather than do passively, the memory scores of HL group were higher than those of LL. In addition, the memory scores and the degree of maintenance were higher among students who perceived the instruction as easy and interesting. In conclusion, the HL of instruction could stimulate the students to challenge the problems, thereby make them construct meaning actively and improve the amount and degree of maintenance of memory on science teaming.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.237-253
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• 2001

This study examined the effects of the inquiry model on children's scientific thinking ability and processing skills. The experimental classroom of a kindergarten in Seoul was assigned the inquiry model while the control classroom was assigned general scientific education (N=48). Seventeen treatment sessions were applied to the experimental group. Tests to investigate the hypotheses included the Sink and Float Test and a new instrument developed by the researchers. Findings showed that preschoolers receiving the inquiry model of instruction gained higher scores in scientific thinking ability and processing skills than the preschoolers in the classroom using the general scientific education model. In sum, this study proved the superior effect of the inquiry model in developing children's scientific skills and ability.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.307-323
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• 2011

본 연구는 우리나라 중학생의 자기조절학습능력의 수준을 측정하고, 자기조절학습능력과 과학의 탐구능력, 과학의 정의적 영역의 특징을 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 연구문제는 첫째, 중학생의 자기조절학습능력의 수준이 어떻게 되는가? 둘째, 자기조절학습능력과 과학의 탐구능력 간에 어떤 관계가 있는가? 셋째, 자기조절학습능력과 과학의 정의적 영역은 어떤 관계가 있는가? 이다. 연구방법은 첫째, 자기조절학습능력, 과학의 탐구능력, 과학의 정의적 영역의 이론적 배경을 조사하였다. 둘째, 자기조절학습능력, 과학의 탐구영역, 과학의 정의적 영역의 검사지를 다음과 같이 구성하였다. (1) 자기조절학습능력 검사(정현철 등, 2004) (2) 과학의 탐구능력검사 중 문제발견능력검사(정현철 등, 2004) (3) 과학의 정의적 영역설문(서혜애 등, 2008). 연구대상은 부산광역시, 울산광역시, 경상남도 소재의 7개 학교 3개 학년 재학생을 무작위로 선정하였으며, 총704명의 응답결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 자기조절학습능력의 수준은 3.02였으며, 둘째, 과학의 탐구능력이 높은 학생들은 자기조절학습능력도 높게 (p<.05)나타났다. 셋째, 과학의 정의적 영역의 특징은 남학생이 여학생보다 높은 자기 효능감을 나타냈다. 학년이 올라갈수록 과학의 정의적 영역은 감소(p=.048)하였다. 특히 자기 효능감에서 가장 큰 유의한(p=.002) 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 자기조절학습능력과 과학의 탐구능력, 과학의 정의적 영역 모두 통계적으로 유의한(p=.000) 상관이 있었다. 이는 자기조절학습능력이 높은 학생은 과학의 탐구능력이 높고, 과학의 정의적 영역도 높다고 볼 수 있다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.229-251
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between middle school students' smart media competency and online learning outcomes. The context of this study was on online inquiry-based mathematics and science learning environment, and four-hundred and fifty-five (455) 7^th to 9^th grade students in Korea participated in this research. To assess students' smart device competency, Smart Media Literacy Quotient (SMLQ) which consisted of 18 items regarding the operation ability of smart media and its application (14 items) and positive beliefs of smart media (4 items) was administered to each student. The findings of this study first showed that students' smart media literacy varied according to their characteristics such as gender, grade, class (subject), and socio-economic status. Female students' scores were higher in overall smart media literacy operation and learning ability of smart media than male students. 7^th grade middle school students represented lower smart media literacy scores, compared to 8^th and 9^th graders. Also, minority students were significantly lower in smart media literacy, operation and learning ability of smart media, and positive belief of smart media than the non-minority students. Second, overall smart media literacy and operation and learning ability of smart media varied among high, medium, and low score achievers in inquiry tasks. Low scored students in inquiry tasks were significantly lower in overall smart media literacy and operation and learning ability of smart media than medium scored students. Lastly, smart media literacy also varied by students' dropout/completion. Students who dropped out reported significantly lower scores in overall smart media literacy, operation and learning ability of smart media, and positive belief of smart media.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2007

초등학교 과학 영재들의 탐구 과제 수행 능력을 평가하기 위하여 대학 부설 영재교육원에 다니는 6학년 학생 56명을 대상으로 '먼지가 건강에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?'라는 주제에 대해 탐구하도록 하였다. 연구 과정에서 학생들로 하여금 제시된 주제에 대해 적절한 방법으로 탐구 과정을 설계하고 수행하여 그 결과를 제시하도록 하였다. 학생들의 보고서를 분석하기 위해 자료 조사, 예상, 탐구 설계 및 수행, 결과 제시, 결론 도출의 5개 항목에 대한 평가 기준과 채점 기준을 개발하였다. 보고서 분석결과, 학생들은 탐구 과정 중 자료 조사 활동 능력이 가장 우수했으며, 예상 활동, 탐구 설계 및 수행, 결과 제시, 탐구 결과 및 결론 도출의 순으로 능력의 차이가 나타났다. 구체적인 연구 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자료 조사와 같은 기본적인 탐구 능력은 뛰어나지만 탐구 설계 및 수행, 결과 제시, 탐구 결과 및 결론 도출 등 높은 수준의 탐구능력은 부족했다. 둘째, 학생들은 자료 조사 활동에서 유난히 뛰어난 능력을 발휘하였는데, 이것은 정보화 사회의 발전에 따라 학생들의 기본적인 정보활용 능력이 향상되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 셋째, 외부에서 접한 정보를 인용하거나, 재활용은 할 수 있으나, 탐구 결과 및 결론 도출에 대한 채점 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이 그것을 자신의 것으로 소화하여 자신의 주장을 펼치는 능력은 상당히 부족하다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.773-783
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• 2014

In National Curriculum of Science revised in 2007, the Free Inquiry was newly introduced to increase students' interest in science and to foster creativity by having students make their own question and find answer by themselves. The purpose of the study was to analyze characteristics, in cognitive domain, appeared in the processes of performing the Free Inquiry activities applying a brain-based evolutionary science teaching and learning principles. For this study, 106 fifth grade students participated, and they performed individually Free Inquiry activities. In order to characterize of the diversifying, estimating-evaluating-executing, and extending-applying activities in cognitive domain (C-DEF), the Free Inquiry diary constructed by the students, observations by a researcher, and interviews with the students were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The major results of this study were as follows: First, at C-D step, many students (71.5%) had difficulty in searching the meanings of their results and the contents of interpretations were at the level of simple description of their results. A few students (15.2%) derived interpretations based on causal relationships between specific variable and result. Also, the tendency that the numbers of interpretation about meaning of their results were increased as the scores of science attitude and achievement was appeared. Second, at C-E step, the students showed tendency of considering facts exactly explaining inquiry topic and being appliable to daily life rather than objectivity or accuracy of scientific knowledge. Third, at C-F step, there were three types of extension and application: simple repetition (8.2%), extension (64.0%), and upward application (17.6%) types. Based on these findings, implications for supporting appropriate interpretation, evaluation, and application of inquiry results are discussed.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1995

The purposes of the 'Students' Science Inquiry Experiment Tournament' which is one of the 'Students' Science Inquiry Olympic Tournaments' are; 1) cultivate students' intellectual interests, inquiry abilities, and scientific attitude dealing with students' scientific reasoning abilities, problem solving abilities, and experimental apparatuses operation abilities. 2) contribute substantiality of science education through experimental inquiry learning. 3) make the ground of basic science development of the future society by selecting excellent students who have talents for science. 4) elevate science teachers' morale by this tournament. The test items set and evaluation results of the tournament were analysed in this study. The results of this study were ; 1) the discrimination ability of the paper-and pencils test and the experiments were low because the students' scores of the items were not normally distributed and standard deviations were very small values. 2) most of the tournament participation students did not answered to the subjective type test items. 3) according to the responses of the tournament participation students, the tournament contribute to the students' interests in science. But the opinion was dominant that the tournament didn't contribute to school science education improvement.