• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 1988

To determine contents of inorganic elements of Laccaria, the carpophores of Laccaria laccata(Fr.) Berk. et Br., Laccaria amethystina(Fr.) Berk. et Br., Laccaria tortilis(S.P. Gray) Cooke and Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo were incinerated and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Total contents of determined inorganic elements(except Cd) were highst in Laccaria tortilis than the other three mushrooms, and Laccaria vinaceoavellanea, Laccaria laccata and Laccaria amethystina in that order. The four species mushrooms contained potassium, iron, zinc, sodium, copper, manganese, and calsium in that order, and the content of potassium was the highst than the other inorganic components. The content of cadmium was Laccaria tortilis, Laccaria laccata, Laccaria vinaceoavellanea and Laccaria amethystina in that order.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

To investigate ecophysiological characteristics of plants species adapted to moor habitat, we selected 22 species plants and analyzed inorganic cations (K, Ca, Mg), heavy metals (Al, Fe, Mn) and total nitrogen and phosphorus quantitatively. Moojechi moor indicated typical acidic and oligotrophic conditions with pH of 5.0∼5.6 (pH 4.3∼5.1 in soil) and EC of 15∼30μ S/cm, and contained very low contents of soil divalent cation such as Ca and Mg but high contents of heavy metals (esp. Al). With respect to inorganic cation contents, investigated plants species showed remarkable interspecific difference. Plant species belonging to J. effusus var. decipiens, M. japonica, I. globosa, M. sacchariflorus, R. mucronulatum, R. yedoense var. poukhanense, H. micrantha, D. rotundifolia showed very low contents of inorganic cation below 400 μ M/g DW, but plant species of C. palustris var. spontanea, L. sessilifolia, P. mandarinorum, C. lineare, S. austriaca sub. glabra, V. mandshurica, A. decursiva showed high cation contents in leaves. Especially, S. austriaca sub. glabra (Compositae) and V. mandshurica (Violaceae) showed pattern accumulating Ca and Mg with plant growth, but I. ensata var. spontanea (Iridaceae) and S. officinalis (Rosaceae) showed decreasing tendency. Meanwhile, most plant species showed low contents of soluble metal ions in leaves in spite of high heavy metal contents on soil, and indicated remarkable interspecific differences in the total contents and composition of heavy metals accumulated. Despite low contents of N and P on soil, most plant species indicated relatively high contents of N and P in leaves at the early stage of growth, and showed slowly decreasing pattern according to growth. Consequently, it seems that plant species inhabited on Moojechi moor cope with acidic-oligotrophic conditions, accumulating inorganic cations and nitrogen at the early growing stage and reutilizing them in the course of growth, and developing heavy metal excluding mechanism.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.11
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• pp.19-23
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate contents of inorganic constituents, free sugars and catalpol in the Rhizoma of Rehmannia glutinosa as different growth stages. With the approach of harvesting season, the variations of their contents were as follow. The contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and ash in the Rhizoma decreased, whereas the contents of Fe, water and ethanol extract increased. The contents of total sugar, sucrose and galactose in the Rhizoma decreased, but the fructose and catalpol contents in the Rhizoma were increased.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.686-695
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the quality characteristics of traditional and commercial soybean pastes (Doenjang) for development of traditional soybean pastes. Methods: Proximate compositions, amino acid nitrogen contents, pH, acidity, salt contents, chromaticity, viable bacteria and inorganic substance contents of nineteen traditional and three commercial Doenjang were investigated. Results: Analysis of proximate compositions indicated a significant difference between samples. In moisture content, D10 did not meet the standard of food codex. The contents of moisture, fat, protein and ash were slightly higher in traditional than commercial Doenjang. However, the carbohydrate content was 2-fold higher in commercial than traditional, and thus, the calories were also higher. The amino nitrogen content was lower in commercial than traditional Doenjang. pH, acidity and salt contents of Doenjang were pH 4.67-6.15, 1.53-3.29%, and 9.01-18.78%, respectively. pH and acidity showed no significant differences between traditional and commercial Doenjang, however, salt contents were significantly higher in traditional than commercial Doenjang. In case of chromaticity, the averages of L, a, b values were higher in traditional Doenjang. In microbiological analysis, total bacteria counts were higher in traditional than commercial Doenjang. The number of Bacillus cereus in D12 and D19 exceeded the standard of food codex. Staphylococcus aureust was undetected in all samples. The number of fungi varied widely between samples, with no detection in five traditional and all commercial Doenjang. Results of inorganic substance analysis indicated that contents of inorganic substances in Doenjang were in order of Na, K, Mg and Ca. Overall, Na content was higher in traditional Doenjang. Contents of inorganic substances showed wide variations in traditional Doenjang. Conclusion: For the development of traditional Doenjang, quality standardization and ensuring safety are considered necessary.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the quality characteristics of traditional and commercial red pepper pastes (Gochujang) for development of traditional red pepper pastes. Methods: Proximate compositions, amino acid nitrogen contents, salt contents, color, viable bacteria, and inorganic substance contents of 19 traditional and three commercial Gochujang were investigated. Results: Analysis of proximate compositions showed huge differences between the samples. For moisture content, six kinds of traditional Gochujang did not meet the standard of the food codex. Contents of moisture, fat, and protein were significantly higher in traditional than commercial Gochujang. However, carbohydrate content was higher in commercial than traditional Gochujang, and thus calories were also higher. The amino nitrogen contents of the three kinds of traditional Gochujang did not meet the standard of the food codex. Salt contents and color were not significantly different between traditional and commercial Gochujang. In the microbiological analysis, total bacteria counts were higher in traditional than commercial Gochujang. The number of B. cereus did not exceed the standard of the food codex in all samples. S. aureus and fungi were not detected in any samples. In the inorganic substance analysis, inorganic substances contents in Gochujang were in the order of Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Overall, Na, K, Mg, and Ca were more abundant in traditional than commercial Gochujang. However, due to wide variations in inorganic substance contents of traditional Gochujang, there were no significant differences between traditional and commercial Gochujang. Conclusion: For the development of traditional Gochujang, quality standardization is considered necessary.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2017

We studied the antibacterial effect and mechanical properties of PLA composites with in organic porous zeolite-type bacteriocides. The specimens were prepared by an intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder using different contents of inorganic bacteriocide. The degree of dispersion of the in organic bacteriocide in the PLA composite was confirmed by FE-SEM. The contents of Ag and Zn in the composite were also investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy at different concentrations of the inorganic bacteriocide. The antibacterial effects were analyzed by turbidity analysis, shaking culture, and drop-test. The mechanical properties, such as the tensile and flexural properties, impact strength, and physical properties, were also investigated. As the content of inorganic bacteriocide increased, the antibacterial activity was increased, especially against Staphylococcus aureus. Mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength, elongation, flexural strength, and impact strength, tended to decrease with an increase in inorganic bacteriocide content, but the tensile and flexural modulus increased.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2015

Ca is material to used in Chinese cabbage (Brasica rapa L. spp. pekinensis). The variation of inorganic ions and GSLs in Chinese cabbage cultivated to control additional Ca contents in slaked lime. The additional fertilizer of slaked lime differ four grade that 0 g (Ca-0), 0.28 g (Ca-1), 0.56 g (Ca-2), 0.84 g (Ca-3) are week intervals with a total of 8 times after transplanting. Inorganic ions in Chinese cabbage ('Bulam plus') were analyzed to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectometry(ICP). The more additional slaked lime input, the more almost macronutrients contents were high except Ca. Ca contents were higher in Ca-0 (153.10) and lower in Ca-3 (130.55 mg/kg dry weight, DW). GSLs were identified based on peak retention time in previous results of our laboratory. Seven GSLs including two aliphatic (gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin), one aromatic (gluconasturtiin), four indolyl (glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin) were detected using HPLC. Progoitrin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin contents increased in proportion to the input in additional slaked lime. Total GSLs contents were Ca-0 (11.95), Ca-1 (17.02), Ca-2 (19.63), Ca-3 ($17.11{\mu}mol/g$ dry weight, DW). Total Ca and GSLs contents (Ca-1,2,3; mean 17.92) are higher than non treatment (Ca-0; $11.95{\mu}mol/g$ DW).

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.604-607
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• 2004

Concrete structures in the marine environment often deteriorate in the early stage of their service life because of contact with various aggressive conditions. In recent years, the study on the concrete in the marine environment are carried out to increase their service life. In this experimental study, the concrete specimens were prepared with various adding contents of inorganic antifouling agent$(0\~3.0wt\%)$ composed to some fluosilicate solution. For evaluatin of the physical and chemical properties of concretes containing inorganic antifouling agent, various tests such as setting time, slump loss, compressive strength, water absorption rate, freezing and thawing resistance and SEM micrographs of concrete, were conducted. As the results, physical and chemical properties of concretes were improved with an adding of inorganic antifouling agent. From the results of various tests, the optimal adding contents of antifouling agent was $1.0wt\%$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.298-302
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• 2003

Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the essential information in the chemistry field for synthesis and property research of inorganic materials, has been constructed. The data source is obtained from the FIZ-Karlsruhe, about 65, 000 records of the coverage period is 1915 year to present. This paper describes the database schema and retrieval system of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database designed for the speedy and efficient retrieval, especially developed into supporting numeric retrieval of the crystal structure cell parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2001

The transparent organic-inorganic hybrid films were prepared by the Sol-Gel process. PVP(polyvinylpyrrolidone) was used in organic component and TEOS(tetraethoxysilane) was used in inorganic component. HCI, $CH_{3}COOH$, and $NH_{4}OH$ were used as the Sol-Gel catalyst. The characteristics according to not only the variation of organic and inorganic contents but also the variation of catalyst species and contents were investigated. On the whole, the compatibility was remained between organic and inorganic components, and also as the TEOS contents were increased, mostly the transparency and the mechanical, thermal properties were improved. In addition, as content of catalysts was increased, the films showed characteristics that were closer to PVP than silica. Although the transparency of films was preserved in HCI and $CH_{3}COOH$, only the film containing more than 40wt% TEOS in $NH_{4}OH$ showed different phenomena.