• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2012

Prasad and Mertz published head injury risk curves for skull fracture and for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ${\geq}4$ brain injury due to forehead impacts based on the 15 ms HIC criterion. KNCAP adopted the HIC36 criterion for the male dummy and the HIC15 criterion for the female dummy. In this paper, it was studied that which of the HIC15 and HIC36 was more effective for the male dummy head injury evaluation. The frontal US-NCAP data for the 7 vehicles from the NHTSA test database were used to evaluate the head injuries. In the case of using the HIC15 and evaluation range 250~700, the discrimination of the rating for the occupant head injury was increased.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1424-1431
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• 2005

In this study, head injury by impact force was evaluated by numerical analysis with 3-dimensional finite element (FE) model. Brain deformation by frontal head impact was analyzed to evaluate traumatic brain injury (TBI). The variations of head acceleration and intra-cranial pressure (ICP) during the impact were analyzed. Relative displacement between the skull and the brain due to head impact was investigated from this simulation. In addition, pathological severity was evaluated according to head injury criterion (HIC) from simulation with FE model. The analytic result of brain damage was accorded with that of the cadaver test performed by Nahum et al.(1977) and many medical reports. The main emphasis of this study is that our FE model was valid to simulate the traumatic brain injury by head impact and the variation of the HIC value was evaluated according to various impact conditions using the FE model.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1345-1353
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 6주간의 엉덩관절 강화 훈련이 근력, 동적 자세 조절 및 하체 손상 준거에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 운동선수 20명을 운동군과 통제군으로 분류하여, 운동군은 주 3회, 60분, 6주간 엉덩관절 강화훈련을 하였다. 이 연구의 측정 변인은 유연성, 근력, 동적 자세 조절 및 하체 부상 준거로 하였다. 연구 결과 유연성에서 운동의 효과가 유의하지 않았으나 배근력에서는 유의하였다. 동적 자세조절 결과, 좌·우 후방 가쪽 및 안쪽에서 운동의 효과가 유의하였다. 또한 종합점수에서도 운동의 효과가 유의하였고, 좌·우 다리 간의 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 엉덩관절 강화 운동은 근력과 동적 자세 조절 능력의 증가와 하체 손상의 우려는 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.489-503
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to test criterion-related validity of the Critical Patients' Severity Classification System (CPSCS) developed by the Hospital Nurses' Association by examining relationships with brain injury severity measured by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), recovery state measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and days of stay in ICU of brain injury patients. Methods: Prospective correlational research design was adopted by including 194 brain injury patients admitted to ICU of one university hospital. Results: The score of CPSCS appeared to significantly discriminate the severity of brain injury. Among nursing activities in CPSCS, Respiratory therapy, IV Infusion and Medication, Monitoring, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Treatment and Procedure were significant to discriminate the severity of brain injury. Respiratory therapy, Vital Signs, and Monitoring appeared to significantly discriminate the recovery states of 1- and 3-months. Nursing activities significantly contributed to predict the days of ICU stay were Respiratory therapy, ADL, and Teaching and Emotional Support. Conclusion: CPSCS developed by the Hospital Nurses Association appeared to be valid to discriminate or predict brain injury severity, recovery states, and days of stay in ICU for brain injury patients.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.851-859
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 6주간의 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 태권 시범선수의 서전트 점프, 자세 조절 및 하체 부상 준거에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 대상자는 대학 태권 시범선수 20명을 대상으로 운동군 10명과 통제군 10명을 무작위로 분류하였다. 운동군은 주 3회, 60분, 6주간 실시하였고, 통제군은 일반적인 훈련을 하였으며, 사전 사후 서전트 점프, 배근력, 자세 조절 및 하체 부상 준거를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 배근력에서는 유의하지 않았으나 서전트 점프에서는 유의한 증가가 있었다. 자세조절에서는 앞쪽은 경우 유의하지 않았으나 좌·우 후방 외쪽과 안쪽에서는 유의한 증가가 있었고, 종합점수 결과 하체 부상의 위험성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝은 순발력, 자세 조절, 하체 부상 방지 및 재활에 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있는 훈련 방법이다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 헬멧의 충격응답을 분석하기 위한 단순진동모델을 제시하였다. 실제 헬멧 설계 및 검증과정에서 사용하는 데이터에 기반을 두고 단자유도 진동모델을 채택하였다. 충격에 의한 과도진동응답을 산출하여, 헬멧의 감쇠, 고유진동수, 충돌속도와 같은 인자들이 헬멧의 충격응답에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 최대 G-가속도는 감쇠가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, 감쇠비가 0.6 이상이 되면 최대 가속도의 값은 변화가 없었다. 고유진동수와 충돌속도에 관하여는 선형적으로 증가하였다. 두부 상해기준(Head Injury Criterion, HIC) 과 최대가속도의 관계도 제시하였다. 본 연구에서의 해석모델이 고품질 경량화 헬멧의 설계과정에서 경제성 제고에 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.208-215
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• 1999

Using the orthogonal arrays and the occupant analysis software based on the multi-body dynamics , two interactive design algorithms are proposed to improve the initial design of the occupant protection systems. Algorithm 1 sequentially moves the narrow design space within the upper and the lower design limit. Algorithm 2 sequentially reduces the relatively wide design space. Each design algorithm is composed of two levels . The first level is to improve the characteristics of the crash performance considering the noise factors. In order to obtain the robust design, the second level reduces the variations the noise factors. In order to obtain the robust design, the second level reduces the variations due to the tolerance of the design variable. To utilize the algorithm 1, HIC(Head Injury Criterion) , 3 msec criterion value of the chest acceleration and the femur load decreased by 27.4%, 10.4% and 55.8%, respectively. To utilizer the algorithm 2 , the results decreased by 38.0%, 10.5% and 3.0% , respectively.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권24호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1994

Steering system is typically one of the vehicle parts that may injure an unrestrained driver in a frontal collision. Therefore, the engineers of vehicle safety parts researched the allowable injury criteria such as HIC(head injury criterion). chest acceleration and knee impact force. From their research, they recognized that development of energy absorbing steering system was necessary to protect the driver. Energy absorbing parts of steering system consist of shear capsule, ball sleeve and shaft assembly. We performed the modelling and dynamic analysis of the energy absorbing steering column with the unrestrained driver model. The conclusions of this study are as follows. 1) The variation of column angle has an important effects on the dynamic responses of steering system and driver behavior. 2) The energy absorbing steering system satisfies the safety criterion of FMVSS 203, 208, but not the safety criterion of FMVSS 204.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2001

NHTSA has been conducting biomechanical studies to reduce inujuries sustained sustained during automotive collision. Furthermore, NHTSA added the regulation to the FMVSS 201, limiting the equivalent HIC(Head Injury Criterion) value under 1000. In the presont work, a methodology was developed for the optimum design of the A-pillar trim with rib-structures. The design variables for the rib-strucrures were the transverse spacing, the longitudinal spacing, and the thickness. The required sets of the design varibles were decided based on the design of experiments. The head impact simulations were carried out using the LS-DYNA3D, and the HIC(d) values were computed using the resulrs of the head impact simulation. The objective function was constructed using the response surface methed (RSM). When the obtained optimum values were not inside the region of interest, the design proceduers were repeated by changing the region of interest. Finally, an A-pillar trim with rib-structures, which resulred in HIC(d) value under 850 for 15 mph head-trim impact, was developed.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2015

Objectives : In order to find how reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men reflect the classification and criterion for low back pain(LBP). Methods : From reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men, select the texts on classification and criterion for LBP. Results : According to the causes of LBP, Chao Yuan Fang(巢元方) in Sui Dynasty assorted to 5 types of LBP at the very first. Chen Wu Ze(陳無擇) in Song Dynasty made 7 divisions by external, internal, and non-external, non-internal causes. According to the pulse of LBP, Yan Yong He(嚴用和) first categorized 4 groups, Zhu Zhen Heng(朱震亨) added another 4 groups. Aside from this standard, Zhu(朱震亨) adopted the cause standard. Depending on Yunqi(運氣), Lou Ying(樓英) classified 5 types. But his classification had been not adopted by any TCM books. According to symptom of 6 varieties(六變), Zhang Jie Bin(張介賓) assorted external(表), internal(裏), deficiency(虛), sufficiency(實), cold(寒) and heat(熱), add 2 groups besides them. But his categorization did not reflect Yi Xue Ru Men. Li Chan(李梴), the author of this book chose causes and pulse classification standards that Zhu Zhen Heng had adopt. Conclusions : In the side of classification and criterion for LBP, Li Chan first divided 2 group, external and internal injury. After it he subdivided both groups to 10 subgroup. His classification is similar to Chen(陳無擇)'s, but actually followed the classification for external and internal injury that was invented by Li Dong Yuan(李東垣).