• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.5
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• pp.189-193
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• 2003

Initial irreversible capacity (IIC) can be defined by means of the initial intercalation Ah efficiency (IIE) and the initial irreversible specific capacity at the surface (IICs) with the linear-fit range of the intercalation so as to precisely express the irreversibility of an electrode-electrolyte system. Their relationship was IIC = Qc - Q$_{D}$ = (IIE$^{-1}$ - 1) Q$_{D}$ + IICs in the linear-fit range of IIE. Here, Qc and Qd signify charge and discharge capacity, respectively, based on a complete lithium ion battery cell. Charge indicates lithium insertion to carbon anode. Two terms of IIE and IICs depended on the types of active materials and compositions of the electrode and electrolyte but did not change with charging state. In an ideal electrode-electrolyte system, IIE and IICs would be 100%, 0 mAh/g for the electrode and mAh for the cell, respectively. These properties can be easily obtained by the Gradual Increasing of State of Charge (GISOC).OC).

• Carbon letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2000

The initial irreversible capacity (IIC) of a hard carbon during the charge/discharge reaction is strongly affected by both the initial irreversible capacity on the carbon surface $(IIC_S)$ and the initial irreversible lithium insertion into carbon $(IIC_B)$. The initial coulombic efficiency of the insertion and the desertion of lithium (IIE) can be used as a performance to classify $IIC_B$ of the carbon. The $IIC_B$ was proportional to the specific discharge capacity with a slope, $IIE^{-1}$ - 1. The IIE of hard carbon had four regions. $IIE_A$ for the region of 0~95 mAh/g of $Q_{D1}$ was 60.2%. $IIE_B$ and $IIE_C$ for the regions of 95~172 mAh/g and 172~308 mAh/g had 84.9% and 91.5%, respectively. $IIE_D$ was appeared above 308 mAh/g. But, the $IIE_D$ was reduced to 82.1% compared with $IIE_C$. These IIE might be corresponding to lithium desertion from carbon at the region of 0~172 mAh/g range, lithium desertion from the micropore of carbon at the region of 172~308 mAh/g range, and to the lithium stripping of the plated lithium for the region above 308 mAh/g, respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2004

Characteristics of half cells of graphite/lithium and LiCoO$_2$/lithium, and full cells of graphite/LiCoO$_2$/ were analyzed by the use of GISOC(the gradual increasing of the state of charge). GISOC analyses generated IIE(the initial intercalation efficiency), which represents lithium intercalation property of the electrode material, and IIC$_{s}$(the initial irreversible capacity by the surface), which represents irreversible reaction between the electrode surface and electrolyte. Linear-fit range of graphite and LiCo/O$_2$electrodes were respectively 370 and 150 mAh/g based on material weight. IIE of graphite and LiCo/O$_2$electrodes were respectively 93∼94 % and 94∼95 %, and IICs of graphite and LiCo/O$_2$electrodes were 15∼17 mAH/g and 0.3∼1.7 mAh/g, respectively. IIE of graphite/LiCo/O$_2$full cell for GX25 and DJG311 as graphite showed 89∼90 %, which IIE value was lower than IIE of half cell of the cathode and the anode. Parameters of IIE and IIC$_{s}$ can also be used to represent not only half cell but also full cell. The characteristics of the full cell can be simulated through the correlative interpretation of potential profile, IIE, and IIC$_{s}$ of half cells.cells.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2000

The exfoliation of graphite (layer) was progressed due to the irreversible insertion of PC molecules between graphene layers, when propylene carbonate (PC) solvent was used as the organic solvents. The problem could be mitigated by the replacement of PC by ethylene carbonate (EC). But, the freezing point of EC-based electrolyte increased due to the high freezing point of $EC(36.2^{\circ}C)$. Therefore, EC+PC mixed electrolyte is expected as a good organic electrolyte for lithium ion battery. The EC-based organic electrolyte containing PC within pertinent quantity can be expected to have high molar conductivity and reduced exfoliation of graphite layer. The dielectric constant and molar conductivity of $LiPF_6/PC+EC+DEC$ electrolyte was investigated with a variation in the PC content. The electrochemical properties of carbon electrode in the electrolyte were also investigated. Molar conductivity and dielectric constant increased linearly by increasing the PC volume fraction in the electrolyte. The results of charge-discharge test for carbon/electrolyte/Li cell indicated that the initial irreversible specific capacity(IIC) of MCMB-6-28s and MPCF3000 decreased by the addition of $0.83 vol\%$ of PC, but increased with PC content over than $0.83 vol\%$. In the case of MPCF3000 and PCG100 having less than $10 vol\%$ PC, IIC was lower than 50 mAh/g. The discharge specific capacities varied with carbon material, but did not vary with PC content in the electrolyte.