• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

This study was initiated to investigate antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and properties of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and fermentation culture filtrates from Phellinus igniarius. The contents of total phenols and flavonoid of fruit bodies, mycelia, and culture filtrate were 15.35-1.36 mg/g, 10.35-7.85 mg/g, and 8.25-5.36 mg/g. The 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture filtrates were 90.25-95.60%, 78.82-85.24%, and 76.32-82.50% at $50-400{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The chelating ability of fruiting body extract on ferrous ions was higher than those of mycelia and culture filtrates tested. The anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extract at 400 ${mu}g/mg$ exhibited 91.10% on AChE, which is lower than that of positive control, galanthamine (94.82%). The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture extract were 85.47%, 78.13%, and 72.49% at 400 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Overall, the fruiting body extract has better anti-acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities than those from mycelia and culture filtrate.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.873-877
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• 2008

Native soy protein isolate (SPI) was hydrolyzed with 4 different proteolytic enzymes, including bromelain, papain, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme. SPI hydrolysates with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) in range of 6 to 15% were prepared by each enzyme. The angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and the antioxidant activities of the SPI hydrolysates, such as superoxide dismutase-like activity and inhibition of the linoleic acid autoxidation, were evaluated. Overall, as the DH increased, all evaluated bioactivities of the SPI hydrolysates significantly increased. The significantly highest ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities were found in hydrolysates made with papain and bromelain, respectively. SPI hydrolysates by Flavourzyme showed the significantly lowest activity in all tested bioactivities. The results suggested that ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities of SPI hydrolysates were determined by the DH and by the enzyme used.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt the cellular redox balance, exert cytotoxic effects, and consequently promote the development of various diseases in humans. Previous studies have reported that antioxidants counteract the adverse effects of ROS. Several studies examine the whitening effects of various agents based on their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase is a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, which protects the skin against radiation. Various agents exhibiting antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities have been synthesized. However, these synthetic drugs are associated with toxicity, decreased safety, and poor skin penetration in vivo, which has limited the clinical application of synthetic drugs. This study examined the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some microalgae. The methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of four microalgal species (Tetraselmis tetrathele, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Platymonas sp., and Chaetoceros simplex) were prepared. The physiological and whitening effects of microalgal extracts were investigated by measuring the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate extract of D. tertiolecta exhibited the highest antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Future studies must focus on examining the whitening effects of microalgae on cell lines to facilitate the development of microalga-based therapeutics for skin diseases, functional health foods, and whitening agents. Thus, microalgae have potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the protein profiles using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity (IC50) as affected by the various meat cuts, digestion times with pepsin. Hydrolysates having the protein concentration of 10 ug/mL had approximately 36∼39% ACE inhibitory activities, regardless of meat cut and digestion time. Protein concentration and ACE inhibitory activity of the diluted hydrolysate increased after 1-hr digestion. In original hydrolysates, ACE inhibitory activities of loin had higher than those of round (P<0.05). In addition, non-heated hydrolysates had higher ACE inhibitory activities than heated counterparts. When myosin B was digested by pepsin more than 1 hr, improved ACE inhibitory activities were observed as compared to the non-digested control.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2017

Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes and isoforms in human serum have a major diagnostic value, therefore the regulation of ALP activities is a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. To assess the pharmacological activity of retinoids, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid, their tissue-specific inhibitory effect on human serum ALP activity was elucidated by chemical inhibition methods, heat-sensitive inactivation, and wheat-germ lectin precipitation test. Retinoids showed significant inhibition of the total ALP activity in human serum at a concentration of 5 mM. All-trans retinoic acid (5 mM) and 13-cis retinoic acid (5 mM) inhibited ALP activities by up to 12% and 15%, respectively, compared to that by guanidine hydrochloride (200 mM). L-phenylalanine (100 mM) and urea (30 mM) had no further inhibitory effect on ALP activities in human serum pretreated with retinoids (5 mM). Retinoids significantly inhibited ALP activities by up to 20% compared with that of tetramisole (30 mM). The ALP activities in retinoid-pretreated serum remained unchanged after the heat inactivation process. These results suggest that retinoids are inhibitors of the intestinal ALP isoenzyme. Remarkably, retinoids revealed potent inhibitory activities against ALP in wheat-germ lectin precipitant serum, indicating that they also function as inhibitors of the bone ALP isoform. The results show that retinoids inhibit the specific tissue-derived human serum ALP activities, moreover, the inhibitory effect of retinoids against bone ALP activity suggests their clinical utility as monitoring and prevention of metastasis of bone cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2015

The half-dried leaves of Stewartia. pseudocamellia were extracted with hot water (SPE) and partitioned with n-hexane (SPEH), dichloromethane (SPED), and ethyl acetate (SPEE) successively. SPE and SPEE showed significant inhibitory effects against melanogenesis and tyrosinase activities. By bioassay-guided isolation, ten phenolic compounds were isolated by column chromatography from SPEE. The whitening effect of the isolated compounds from SPEE were tested for the inhibitory activities against melanogenesis using B16 melanoma cells, in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase, and L-3,4-dihydorxy-indole-2-carboxylic acid (L-DOPA) auto-oxidation assay. A cytotoxic activity assay was done to examine the cellular toxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Of the compounds isolated, gallic acid and quercetin revealed significant inhibitory activities against melanogenesis compared to arbutin. In particular, quercetin exhibited similar inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and L-DOPA oxidation without cytotoxicity. These results suggested that SPE could be used as a potential source of natural skin-whitening material in cosmetics as well as in food products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2014

Maesa japonica (Thunb.) is an evergreen shrub belonged to the Myrsinaceae family, which was discovered in 2006 in South Korea. And, its biological functions have not been well studied. In this study, we determined the antioxidant activities, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract and the solvent fractions of M. japonica leaves and twigs. The highest antioxidant activity obtained by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and reducing power assay was found in the ethylacetate fraction of twigs methanol extract, which contained the highest level of total phenolic compounds compared to the other fractions. In addition, ethylacetate fraction of twigs extract exhibited higher inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=0.8{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) compared to the $IC_{50}$ of the buthanol fraction ($IC_{50}=16{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) of leaves extract. It showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii. Although the data is too limited, the current study is the first report on biological functions of M. japonica.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2018

Two curcumin derivatives, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), isolated from Curcuma longa were analyzed for their inhibitory activities against two isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which is involved in the catalysis of neurotransmitting monoamines. In the study, DMC and BDMC potently inhibited human MAO-B, with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.45 and $2.59{\mu}M$, respectively, and both compounds showed effective inhibitory activities against human MAO-A, with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.24 and $3.09{\mu}M$, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the two compounds were higher than those of curcumin. The removal of the methoxy or dimethoxy groups in curcumin might increase the inhibitory activities against human MAO-A and MAO-B. The inhibited activities were recovered to almost the values of the reversible references in the dialysis experiments with DMC and BDMC. DMC and BDMC showed competitive inhibition for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, with $K_i$ values of 0.91 and $0.80{\mu}M$, respectively. These results suggest that the two curcumin derivatives may be useful or lead compounds in the treatment of related disorders as potent reversible MAO inhibitors.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.735-741
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• 2015

Objectives: Lentinus edodes is an edible mushroom with a variety of beneficial effects such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Lentinus edodes extracts against oral-related bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of this extracts were investigated against S. anginosus, S. sobrinus, S. aureus, S. mutans, S. ratti, S. sanguinis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, and A. actinomycetemcomitans by the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and growth inhibition. Results: Ethanol extracts had no antimicrobial activities, but acetone extracts showed antimicrobial activities against A. viscosus and A. actinomycetemcomitans and ethyl acetate extracts had effects against S. aureus, S. sanguinis, A. viscosus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of Lentinus edodes extracts was investigated on the growth of A. viscosus. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed 90% and 77% inhibitory effect, respectively, against A. viscosus for 24 hrs. Ethyl acetate extracts had MIC of 25.0 mg/ml and acetone extracts showed MIC of >25.0 mg/ml.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2013

We investigated the antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of red snow crab Chionoecetes japonicas shell (RSCS) hydrolysate by enzymatic hydrolysis and its molecular weight cut-off fractions. The RSCS hydrolysate was fractionated through two ultrafiltration membranes of 3 and 10 kDa cut-offs. Three fractions (<3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, and >10 kDa) were evaluated for total amino acid composition, antioxidant activities using 2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities and reducing power assays, and ACE inhibitory activity using Hou's method. Although all fractions showed activity, the <3 kDa fraction of RSCS hydrolysate exhibited the greatest $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging, SOD-like and ACE inhibitory activities. However, these fractions exhibited low reducing power. These results suggest that the low-molecular-weight enzymatic hydrolysate of RSCS could be used as a functional ingredient to control oxidative stress and ACE activity.