• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2015

Objective : Siegesbeckia Herba can treat various skin disease by expelling wind and removing dampness and clearing away heat and toxic material effects. This study was designed to investigate effects of Siegesbeckia Herba Extracts(SHE) on skin elasticity and whitening using B16F10 cell lines. Method : In this experiment, We observed effect of SHE on cell viability, inhibition of melanin synthesis and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and elastase. Results : 1. SHE treated group showed decreased cell viability rates significantly compared with non-treated group. More than SHE $250{\mu}g/ml$, $500{\mu}g/ml$ and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of treated groups were lower levels of melanin synthesis respectively. 2. SHE significantly showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro, SHE increased tyrosinase inhibitory activity and elastase inhibitory activity in B16F10 cells, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro. 3. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity and elastase inhibitory activity in B16F10 cells, tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro were not accepted statistical significance compared with non-treated group. 4. SHE treated group showed increased SOD-like activity rates significantly compared with non-treated group. More than SHE $250{\mu}g/ml$, $500{\mu}g/ml$ and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of treated groups were lower levels of melanin synthesis respectively. Conclusion : These results suggest that SHE can inhibit melanin synthesis and tyrosinase inhibtory activity. So, We suggest that SHE can be maintained skin whitening.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2022

흰머리는 대표적인 노화의 징후이자 피부, 모발 노화의 특징이다. 내인성 노화, 스트레스, 외부 환경으로 인해 백모가 발생하는데, 조기 백모 발생에는 스트레스가 주요한 요인이 된다고 알려져 있다. 과거 우리는 갈근 추출물이 멜라닌 형성 촉진을 통해 백모를 케어를 할 수 있음을 밝힌 바 있으며, 이에 갈근 추출물이 스트레스에 의한 백모 형성 또한 예방 할 수 있을지 본 연구를 통해 확인하였다. 연구를 위해 멜라닌 생성 주요 전사인자인 MITF 발현을 확인 할 수 있는 세포주를 구축하였다. 스트레스 호르몬 cortisol과 산화 스트레스 유발 인자 H₂O₂를 처리할 경우 MITF 발현이 감소하고, 인체 모낭 조직에서 멜라닌 색소가 감소함을 확인하였다. 여기에 갈근 추출물을 함께 처리할 경우 MITF 발현과 모낭 내 멜라닌 색소 량이 다시 증가하였다. 뿐만 아니라 모낭 내 멜라닌 합성에 관여하는 효소인 TRP-2의 발현도 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 갈근 추출물은 스트레스 호르몬과 산화 스트레스 자극에 의한 멜라닌 합성 저해도 효과적으로 막아줄 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

We extracted pine-needles using ethanol as solvent, and we obtained the refined oil component from pine-needles extract. Also we tested the tyrosinase activated inhibition effect with melanin experiment and analysed with ICP/OES and UV/VIS. Accordingly we obtained the next conclusion from the result of this experiment. From the first result of this experiment, we could know that the degree of recovery of refined oil component from pine-needles extract appeared in about 8.0%. From the second result of this experiment, we could know that the tyrosinase activated inhibition rate increased more and more in case of increasing concentration of pine-needles, green-tea, vitamine-C. Also we could know that vitarnine-C influences to tyrosinase activated inhibition contained in pine-needles. From the third result of this experiment, we could know that inorganic materials of Ca, Mg, V, Mn, etc contained in pine-needles detected with ICP/OES analysis, and the absorbance of pine-needles extract appeared very high in UV/VIS analysis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

Sphingolipid metabolites regulate many aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present study, we have assessed the effects of the novel phytosphingosine derivative, N-acetylphytospingosine (NAPS), on the depigmentation of murine B16F10 melanoma cells, and have also attempted to identify the possible signaling pathway involved, in comparison with $C_{2}-ceramide$. NAPS and $C_{2}-ceramide$ both inhibited the growth of the B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were significantly reduced in response to treatment with NAPS and $C_{2}-ceramide$ at concentrations in a range between $1-5\;{\mu}M$. However, the levels of tyrosinase mRNA, as well as the levels of tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) genes and the level of tyrosinase protein remained unaffected by treatment with either NAPS or $C_{2}-ceramide$. We also attempted to determine the signaling pathway exploited by NAPS and $C_{2}-ceramide$. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at serine 473 by NAPS was reduced at the 5 minute mark, whereas $C_{2}-ceramide$ induced the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at serine 473. Finally, Akt/PKB activity in the NAPS-treated cells was elevated in comparison with the untreated cells. LY294002, a specific PI3-K inhibitor which is located upstream of Akt/PKB, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, but induced an increase in melanin synthesis. These results suggest that the activation of Akt/PKB at serine 473 is related with the suppression of melanin production in the B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Therefore, the mechanisms exploited by NAPS and $C_{2}-ceramide$ responsible for the depigmentation of B16F10 cells were concluded to involve the inhibition of melanosomal tyrosinase activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Kaempferia galanga L. is one of the plants in Zingiberaceae family. It is used by people in many regions of Asia and Africa for relieving toothache, abdominal pain, muscular swelling and rheumatism. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanogenesis, and hyperpigmentation is associated with abnomal accumulation of melanin pigment. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of melanogenesis by hexane extract of Kaempferia galanga L. (HKG) in B16F10 melanoma cells. Cell-free tyrosinase, melanin contents, intracellular tyrosinase activity and western blot analysis were performed to elucidate the effects on anti-melanogenesis. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and determined the concentration of 12.5, 25 μg/ml. HKG significantly inhibited to activities of intracellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in the absence or presence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with dose-dependent manner. And HKG inhibited the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), regardless of the presence or absence of α-MSH. HKG also down-regulated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, and up-regulated phosphorylation of Akt. These effects were not related to its cytotoxicity action. These results indicate that HKG has the potential to be a useful therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and as a beneficial additive in whitening agents in cosmetics industry.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1456-1461
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• 2007

Melanogenesis is induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation of sunlight and ${\alpha}-melanocyte$-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) which binds to a specific G protein coupled receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition in B16/F10 cells by methanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM). In the present study, ${\alpha}-MSH$ and forskolin led to a stimulation of melanin synthesis that appeared to result from an increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, RCM inhibited the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced melanin synthesis. In addition, RCM abolished the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were increased after incubation with α-MSH and forskolin. The treatment of RCM decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. Based on these findings, it is likely that RCM exerts its depigmenting effects in B16/F10 cells through the suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression, which are key enzymes for melanogenesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2020

Background: Panax ginseng is a marvelous herbal remedy for all ailments of body. That may be why it is called Panax, which means "cure for all". Melanin is a pigment that gives color to our skin; however, increased melanin production can lead to tumor formation. Human exposure to ultraviolet B radiation has increased extensively owing to the increased sunlight due to global warming. Consequently, a phenomenon called photoaging has been observed for all skin colors and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, which serve as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins, mainly collagen, is increased, causing depletion of collagen and resulting in early wrinkle formation. Methods: Therefore, in our study, we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the inhibition of melanogenesis by Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract in vitro and HRM-2 hairless mice exposed to artificial ultraviolet B to examine the efficacy of KRG in vivo. We prepared a 3% red ginseng extract cream and evaluated its effects on human skin. Results: Our results demonstrated that KRG induced potent suppression of tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells; moreover, it reduced the transcription and translation of components involved in the melanin production pathway. In the in vivo experiments, KRG potently suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, reduced wrinkle formation, and inhibited collagen degradation. On human skin, ginseng cream increased skin resilience and skin moisture and enhanced skin tone. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that KRG is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

본 연구는 은행 열매 오일의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 확인한 것이다. 은행나무 열매 오일은 DPPH assay와 FRAP assay를 사용하여 라디컬 소거능을 시험하였다. 결과적으로 은행나무 열매 오일은 DMSO를 용매로 0.06% 녹였을 때, DPPH assay에서 9.96% 소거활성을 나타내었고 FRAP는 1.33 mM의 ferric sulfate ($FeSO_4$)를 생성하였다. 은행 열매 오일은 tyrosinase inhibition assay에서 37.72%의 억제력을 가졌고 B16/F10 세포에 멜라닌 생합성 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 은행 오일 0.06%에서 ${\alpha}$-MSH 처리 구에 비해 48.02%의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였다. Tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)의 유전자 발현 수준은 control군에 비해 0.04%와 0.06% 농도 군이 크게 감소하였다. 결과적으로 은행 열매 오일 추출물이 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2013

In order to develop new skin whitening agents, we prepared the $CH_2Cl_2$ layer (NGC) and BuOH layer (NGB) of 75% EtOH extract of the Nelumbinis nucifera Gaertner. We measured their tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16-F1 melanoma cells. They did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay, NGC and NGB suppressed melanin production up to 52% and 46% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of NGC and NGB on melanogenesis, we measured the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins by western blot assay. As a result, NGC suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein, and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). And NGB inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase and MITF, but had no significant effect on TRP-1, TRP-2, and p-CREB expression. Moreover, NGB increased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). In addition, we examined the inhibitory effect on the glycosylation of tyrosinase. As a result, NGC and NGB inhibited the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in vitro and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in B16-F1 melanoma cells. From these results, we concluded that NGC and NGB could be used as active ingredients for skin whitening.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

The radish skin and radish greens are an edible part of the radish. But they are removed before eating the radish and used as a byproduct or an animal feed material because of their tough and rough texture. Melanin is a pigment that gives colour to our skin. But increased production of melanin can turn into benign or malignant tumours. These days due to global warming, the amount of Ultra violet (UVB) rays has been extensively increased with sunlight. Due to this, a phenomenon called exogenous photo aging is widely observed for all skin colour and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) that serves as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins mainly collagen is increased, causing depletion in collagen and resulting in early wrinkles formation. Therefore in our study we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the melanogenesis inhibition by Heated radish extract (HRE) in vitro and we used HRM-2 hair less mice exposed to artificial UVB for checking the efficacy of Heated radish extract in vivo. Furthermore, we prepared a 3% Heated radish extract (HRE) cream and checked its effects on human skin. Our results have clearly demonstrated that Heated radish extract (HRE) have potently suppressed the tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells. It had also reduced the expression of components involved in melanin production pathway both transcriptionally and transitionally. In in vivo studies, HRE had potently suppressed the expression of MMP's and reduced the wrinkle formation and inhibited collagen degradation. Moreover, on human skin, ginseng cream increased the resilience, skin moisture and enhanced the skin tone. Therefore in light of these findings, we conclude that HRE is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.