• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2004

Chloroform layer from methanol extract of Corni fructus (Cornaceae) showed strong antiproliferation effect on human cancer cell lines by SRB assay. Anticarcinogenic-active compound was isolated and purified by silica gel column and thin layer chromatograpies, and identified as ursolic acid ($3{\beta}$-hydroxyrus-12-ene-28-oic acid, MW:456) by mass and IR spectrophotometries, and $^1H-and\;^{13}C-NMRs$. The compound inhibited proliferation of A549 (human lung cancer cell line) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) cells in dose-dependant manner when treated for 48 hr. Inhibition rates of both cells were over 40% and 90% compared with control cells at the $30\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Morphology of cells treated with the compound for 15 hr at $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ was distorted with shrinked cell mass, and cell number was lower than that of control cells. Cell cycle analysis showed sub-G1 phase arrest in both cell lines following 15 hr exposure to the compound; % of cell phase increased to 11.7 and 11.2% compared to the control of 4.0% and 2.1% in A549 and MCP-7 cells, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

In order to investigate whether or not CCD-986sk cell line can be affected by Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura, we examined the MTT assay when we treated Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura extract in CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line. The sample were tested for cell proliferation activity by means of a modification of the MTT assay. Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura extract showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity at the range of from 6.25 mg $mL^{-1}$ to 1.56 mg $mL^{-1}$ compared with control group. And in order to search for inhibition agents of skin melanin formation, we tested for inhibition effect of melanin pigmentation of Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura using Clone M-3 mouse melanocyte cell lines. when we treated the extracts of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura to the mouse melanocyte cell lines, the sample showed a significantly little formation of melanin pigments compared with control group at the only range of 200 mg $mL^{-1}$. These results suggest that extract of Korean Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura may represents an excellent candidate for inhibition of melanin pigmentation and for protection of human skin aging at in vitro level.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.873-879
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• 2014

The constituents from the needles of the pine tree, Pinus densiflora, were purified and investigated for antithrombotic activity. The needles were initially extracted three times with 70% ethanol, and the extract was sequentially fractionated with chloroform and n-butanol. The aqueous layer formed after n-butanol fractionation was subjected to purification by medium pressure and high pressure liquid chromatography. The two neolignans, 2, 3-dihydro-7-hydroxyl-3-hydroxymethyl-2-(4'-hydroxyl -3-methoxyphenyl)-5-benzofuranpropanol-3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnopyranoside (a neolignan glycoside) and 2, 3-dihyro-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl-3'-methoxy)-5-benxofuran propanol 4'-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnopyranoside (icariside $E_4$) were identified by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra. The effect of the purified compounds, the neolignan glycoside and icariside $E_4$ on thrombin inhibition were investigated by measuring thrombin clotting time in plasma. As a result, the clotting of the neolignan glycoside was delayed four times compared to that of icariside $E_4$. In addition, an analysis of the inhibition effect by changing the concentration showed that the clotting time was delayed in accordance with an increase in the concentration of the neolignan glycoside. Furthermore, we examined the interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen to clarify the action mechanism. As a result, the delay of clotting time in the response of thrombin and pure fibrinogen may indicate that neolignan glycosides inhibit the thrombin action in a direct manner, leading to the suppression of fibrin generation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2013

In order to develop new skin whitening agents, we prepared the EtOAc layer (AJE) after enzyme treatment of 75% EtOH extract of the Alnus Japonica Steud. We measured their tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16-F1 melanoma cells. They did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay, AJE suppressed melanin production up to 52% at a concentration of $40{\mu}g/mL$. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of AJE on melanogenesis, we measured expression of melanogenesis-related proteins by the western blot assay. As a result, AJE suppressed the expression of tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1) and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, AJE increased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). These results conclude that ERK activation by AJE reduces melanin synthesis via MITF downregulation and is subsequent to the inhibition of TRP-1 expression. Therefore, we suggest that AJE could be used as active ingredients for skin whitening.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1409-1413
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• 2000

The seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen(yullmoo) were investigated for the free radical scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Brown yullmoo, which contains bran in the seed, has also been evaluated for comparison. After partitioning of the total methanol extracts of yullmoo and brown yullmoo, each organic layer exhibited mild or potent dose-dependent inhibition(about 20-80%) on 1,1-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical with the concentration of $300\;{\mu}g/ml$ to $800\;{\mu}g/ml$. n-Butanol fraction of yullmoo showed the most potent scavenging effect on DPPH free radical. $IC_{50}$ of n-butanol fraction was $423\;{\mu}g/ml$, about six to seven fold higher concentration than standard BHT at the same inhibition rate. As for the tyrosinase inhibitory activity, all of the fractions including the methanol extract exhibited the similar activities even after partitioning. The chloroform fraction of brown yullmoo was found to show the most potent inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $321.5\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2011

This study was conducted to confirm the application as ingredients of cosmetics through an examination of the function for anti-cancer and anti-microbial of the fraction isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis leaves. The dried leaf of P. ussuriensis were extracted with acetone-$H_{2}O$ (6:4, v/v), concentrated and fractionated with the upper layer of acetone on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of acetone soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents and also used the MIC-gel using a series of aqueous methanol as developing solvent. The isolated compounds were identified by silica-gel TLC. The growth inhibition activity was measured using the MTT assay by the mouse meltioma (B16F10) cell. The cancer cell growth inhibition rate of fractions isolated from P. ussuriensis leaf was 80%. In anti-microbial activity test, the fraction of P. ussuriensis with 0.25 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.3 cm and 2 cm for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis of gram positive bacillus, respectively. In Escherichia coli of gram negative bacillus, the fraction with 0.5 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.1 cm~1.5 cm each fraction. From these results, we confirmed that acetate fraction of P. ussuriensis has a great potential as a natural ingredients with a anti-cancer and anti-microbial source.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2016

Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (P. densiflora) contains several phenolic compounds that exhibit biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihypertensive effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of P. densiflora on skin has rarely been reported. Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a commensal microbe that induces skin inflammation and is associated with several chronic disorders, such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, papillomatosis, and sepsis. The aim of our study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of P. densiflora needle extracts on skin health subjected to M. furfur-induced inflammation. The methanolic extract of the pine needles was partitioned into n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water layers. We measured the anti-inflammatory effects (in macrophages) as well as the antioxidant, antifungal, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of each of these layers. The antioxidant activity of the individual layers was in the order EtOAc layer > n-BuOH layer > water layer. Only the n-BuOH, EtOAc, and n-hexane layers showed antifungal activity. Additionally, all the layers possessed tyrosinase inhibition activity similar to that of ascorbic acid, which is used as a commercial control. The EtOAc layer was not cytotoxic toward the RAW 264.7 cell line. Interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels in M. furfur-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with the EtOAc layer were decreased markedly compared to those in cells treated with the other layers. Taken together, we believe that the needle extracts of P. densiflora have potential application as alternative anti-inflammatory agents or cosmetic material for skin health improvement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1763-1772
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• 2017

This study aimed to isolate and characterize antibacterial metabolites from Pharbitis nil seeds and investigate their antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria. The methanol extract of P. nil seeds showed the strongest activity against Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of $250{\mu}g/ml$. Among the three solvent layers obtained from the methanol extract of P. nil seeds, only the butanol layer displayed the activity with an MIC value of $125{\mu}g/ml$ against Xap. An antibacterial fraction was obtained from P. nil seeds by repeated column chromatography and identified as pharbitin, a crude resin glycoside, by instrumental analysis. The antibacterial activity of pharbitin was tested in vitro against 14 phytopathogenic bacteria, and it was found to inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum and four Xanthomonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentration values against the five bacteria were $125-500{\mu}g/ml$ for the n-butanol layer and $31.25-125{\mu}g/ml$ for pharbitin. In a detached peach leaf assay, it effectively suppressed the development of bacterial leaf spot, with a control value of 87.5% at $500{\mu}g/ml$. In addition, pharbitin strongly reduced the development of bacterial wilt on tomato seedlings by 97.4% at $250{\mu}g/ml$, 7 days after inoculation. These findings suggest that the crude extract of P. nil seeds can be used as an alternative biopesticide for the control of plant diseases caused by R. solanacearum and Xanthomonas spp. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of pharbitin against phytopathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 1993

Methanol extract of dried persimmon leaves was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous tractions. Hexane, butanol, and aqueous fractions had high yields of extracts. Hexane fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicities of aflatoxin (AFB$_1$), dimethyl-amino-bi-phenyl (DMAB), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Hexane fraction was further fractionated into eight fractions by silica gel column c-hromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The fraction 5 on TLC exhibited the highest antimutagenic activity on AFB$_1$, DMAB, and MNNC. 1'-oxocannabinol, 3B-acetoxy-17-methyl-5a-18 (13-17) abeoardrost-13-one, 4-methoxy-2'6'-dinitro-3, 5-di-t-butylbiphenyl, 8, 9-dihydro-5, 6-dimethoxy-dibenz ［c, h］isoquino ［2, 1, 8-1 ma］carbazole-11, 16-dione were tentatively identified from this antimutagenic fraction by GC-MS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2002

Anticarcinogen is one of the major strategies for cancer control. It is well established that dietary factors play an important role in modulating the development of certain types of human cancer. We investiagted the anticarcinogenic effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) with Platycodon grandiflorum A. extracts on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. By the MTT assay, among the five partition layers of methanol extract of SS (SSM), the ethylether partition layer of SS (SSMEE) showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. We also investigated the synergistic effect of the combination of SS and PG extracts on growth inhibition of the HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the effects of five partition layers of SSM. Combination of SS and PG extracts significantly increased cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. Therefore, we were able to conclude that ethylether partition layer, SSMEE might have potentially useful cytotoxic materials on all the human cancer cells which we used. And we could suggest that the combination of SS with PG enhanced the anticarcinogenic effect on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. We also determined QR activity of partition layers of SSM, among them, SSMEE on HepG2 cells showed the highest QR activity, 3.21 as control value of 1.0.