• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.389-395
• /
• 2017

A simultaneous determination of 5 phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, pcoumaric acid, trans ferulic acid) and 9 flavonoids (procyanidin b1, aspalathin, rutin, vitexin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, luteolin, quercetin, chrysoeriol) in rooibos tea has been carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A validated analysis method in this study was applied to rooibos aqueous infusions. Rooibos tea is an antioxidant-rich tea which has anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic effect. Extraction yield of phenolics depends on steeping time and temperature of water. Tea infusions were prepared by placing 1 g of tea leaves or 1 tea bag in 100 mL of boiled water, and then at 3, 6 and 30 minutes intervals the infused teas were taken to carry out the analysis of phenolic contents. Another tea infusion was conducted with cold water ($25-30^{\circ}C$) for 30 minuntes. As a result, the total amount of phenolics was highest in rooibos tea steeped with hot water for 30 minutes, followed by 6 minutes, 3 minutes and cold water 30minutes and the result has statistical significance.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.664-669
• /
• 2004

The contamination of Bacillus cereus was investigated in 240 RTE (ready-to-eat) food samples including 118 seafoods, 82 Korean packaged meals and 40 other RTE foods. Many B. cereus presumptive strains were isolated from the enrichment culture in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) added polymyxin, followed by selective culture in Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar and Gram staining. A total of 36 strains (16 in seafoods, 17 in Korean pack-aged meals and 3 in other RTE foods) were identified as B. cereus by the analysis of 61 biochemical tests of the API 50CHB/20E system test and supplementary tests of $\beta$-hemolysis, rhizoid growth, motility and oxidase activity. The 28 strains out of 36 B. cereus isolates produced diarrhoeal enter-otoxin in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin antibiotics, and most of them were susceptible to gentamicin, vancomycin, bacitracin, chloram-phenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin. The growth of B. cereus was affected by environmental temperature and incubation time. Culture with temperature under 1$0^{\circ}C$ effectively restricted the growth of B. cereus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 1983

This study indicated that mackerel flesh can be prepared as an intermediate moisture deep-fried product. The fillet were cut into $2{\times}2{\times}1.5cm$ (about 4g each): then submerged in an infusion solution (lg flesh: 1ml solution) containing 45.9% of water, 6% of sodium chloride, 40% of sorbitol, 2.4% of propylene glycol, 0.7% of potassium sorbate, 3% of sugar, 2% of monosodium glutamate, and $0.6m{\ell}$ of alcoholic extracts from red pepper, and heated for 10 min at $105^{\circ}C$. The infused flesh was drained for 15 min and then coated with batter and crumb. The pieces were deep fried in soybean oil for 3 min at $170^{\circ}C$ and cooled on absorbent paper. The initial water activity of the product was 0.86. Judging from the results of experimental data such as peroxide value, TBA value, viable cell count and sensory evaluation, the quality of products were stable for 50 days at room temperature ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$).

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2014

Currently commercially available phantom can reproduce and evaluate only a static situation, the study is incomplete research on phantom and system which is can confirmed functional situation in the kidney by time through dynamic phantom and blood flow velocity, various difference according to the amount of radioactive. Therefore, through this study, it has produced the dynamic kidney phantom to reproduce images through the dynamic flow of the kidney, it desires to evaluate the usefulness of nuclear medicine imaging. The production of the kidney phantom was fabricated based on the normal adult kidney, in order to reproduce the dynamic situation based on the fabricated kidney phantom, in this study it was applied the volume pump that can adjust the speed of blood flow, so it can be integrated continuously radioactive isotopes in the kidney by using 99mTc-pertechnate. Used the radioactive isotope was supplied through the two pump. It was confirmed the changes according to the infusion rate, radioactive isotopes and the different injection speeds on the left and right, analysis of the acquired images was done by drawn five times ROI in order to check the reproducibility of each on the front and rear of the kidney and bladder. Depending on the speed of injection, radioisotope was a lot of integrated and emissions up when adjusting the pressure of the pump as 30 stroke, it was the least integrated and emissions up when adjusting as 40 stroke. The integration of the left & right kidney was not reached in the amount of the highest when adjusting as 10 stroke. In the changes according to the amount of the radioactive isotope, 0.6 mCi(22.2 MBq), 0.8 mCi (29.6 MBq)was showed up similar tendency but, in the result of the injection 0.8 mCi, it was showed up counts close to double of 0.6 mCi. In the result of the differently injection speed of the left & right kidney, as a result of different conditions that injection speed was 20 stroke through left kidney phantom, the injection speed was 30 stroke through right kidney phantom, it was enough difference in the resulting image can be easily distinguished with the naked eye. Through this study, the results showed that the dynamic kidney phantom system is able to similarly reproduce renogram in the actual clinical. Especially, the depicted over time for the flow to be excreted through the kidney into the bladder was adequately reproduce, it is expected to be utilized as basic data to check the quality of the dynamic images. In addition, it is considered to help in the field of functional imaging and quality control.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of intra-uterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows. Conception rate at first service was higher (56.0%) in dairy cows treated with LPS compared to non-treated cows (20.0 %). Cumulative conception rate by overall services (more than 2 services) after LPS treatment was also higher (64.0%) in dairy cows treated with LPS compared to non-treated cows (40.0%). Services per conception was significantly higher in control ($2.0{\pm}0.1$) compared with LPS ($1.2{\pm}0.4$) treated group (p<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2010

Enzyme replacement of therapy (ERT) is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. ERT is available in three types of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS): for MPS I (Aludrazyme$^{(R)}$), MPS II (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) and MPS VI (Naglazyme$^{(R)}$) patients who are over 5 years old. But recently, early diagnosis can be done by expert clinicians and even in prenatal case. We describe the case of ERT under 5 years old MPS patients. Up to June, 2010 in Samsung Medical Center, there are 6patients who were diagnosed as MPS and started ERT under 5 years old. 3 patients were MPS I, 3 patients were MPS II. 2 patient who was diagnosed as MPS I was female and others were male. Their age at diagnosis were 4 to 37month-old (4, 13, 16, 25, 27, 37 month-old) and they are now 9 to 60 month-old (9, 39, 32, 81, 60 month-old). The youngest patient was started ERT at 4 month-old and others were started at their 13 to 49 month-old (13, 29, 27, 28, 49 month-old). First manifested symptoms of patients were macrocephaly, kyphosis and coarse face appearance. Especially, in 2 of them, one was MPS I and the other was MPS II had elder brother with same disease. And the youngest one was diagnosed by the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene analysis from chorionic villi sampling. His mother knew that she was a heterozygous carrier of IDS gene mutation because her younger brother died from MPS II. All of them confirmed as MPS by the enzyme assay in leukocytes and fibroblast skin culture. We started ERT with ${\alpha}$-L-iduronidase(Aldurazyme$^{(R)}$) to MPS I and did recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) to MPS II patients as recommended dose as over 5 years old. But for MPS II patient who was 4 month old, we started ERT by recombinant human IDS (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) with reduced dose 0.1 mg/kg and increased dose every 2 weeks by 0.1mg/kg up to 0.5mg/kg IV infusion. During ERT, all patients had no adverse effects and the excretion of GAGs were decreased. We have evaluated other clinical symptoms such as liver/ spleen volume, heart function and neurologic evaluation. We describe a successful ERT to MPS I and MPS II patient under 5 years old without any adverse event. It indicates that ERT in young children are well tolerated and that it has several effects which may confer clinical benefits with long-term therapy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 1986

Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of 28 black tea samples prepared by oaring the mixing ratio of 1 kind of Korean and 9 kinds of foreign black tea were determined, and their relationship was statistically analysed. Korean black tea was found to be lower in bulk density, caffeine, theobromine, crude protein, theaflavin, thearubigin and soluble solids, and higher in Hunter L- and b- value, neutral detergent fiber, calcium and ratio of oxidized matter as compared with foreign black tea. The palatability for 8 kinds of foreign black tea was generally increased by mixing with Korean black tea. The number of black tea whose palatability were higher than that of Korean black tea was 12, which was mostly mixed black tea. Theaflavin. Hunter a-value, soluble solids of the tea infusion, and potassium of the manufactured tea were the major guiding characteristics as a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, and about 67% of the total variations in the palatability of black tea could be explained by the regression equation formulated by the preceding 4 characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.284-294
• /
• 2006

Statement of problem. Proliferation of Candida albicans is primarily within the plaque on the fitting surface of the denture rather than on the inflamed mucosa. Consequently, the treatment of the denture is equally important as treatment of the tissue. Cleansing and disinfection should be efficiently carried-out as the organisms can penetrate into the voids of the acrylic resin and grow in them, from which they can continue to infect and reinfect bearing tissues. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of photocatalytic reaction to eliminate Candida albicans from acrylic resin denture base, and to investigate the anti-fungal effect with various UVA illumination time. Materials and Methods. The specimens were cured by the conventional method following the manufacturer's instruction using thermal polymerized denture base resin (Vertex RS: Dentimex, Netherlands). $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT), which is able to be coated at normal temperature, was made from the Ti-alkoxide progenitor. The XRD patterns, TEM images and nitrogen absorption ability of the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT) were compared with the commercial $TiO_2$ photocatalyst P-25. The experimental specimens were coated with the mixture of the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT) and binder material (silane) using dip-coater, and uncoated resin plates were used as the control group. Crystallinity of $TiO_2$ of the specimen was tested by the XRD. Size, shape and chemical compositions were also analyzed using the FE-SEM/ EDS. The angle and methylene blue degradation efsciency were measured for evaluating the photocatalytic activity of the $TiO_2$ film. Finally, the antifungal activity of the specimen was tested. Candida albicans KCTC 7629(1 ml, initial concentration $10^5$ cells/ ml) were applied to the experiment and control group specimens and subsequently two UVA light source with 10W, 353 nm peak emission were illuminated to the specimens from 15cm above. The extracted $2{\mu}l$ of sample was plated on nutrient agar plate ($Bacto^{TM}$ Brain Heart Infusion; BD, USA) with 10 minute intervals for 120 minute, respectively. It was incubated for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ and the colony forming units (CFUs) were then counted. Results. Compared the characteristics of LT photocatalyst with commercial P-25 photocatalyst, LT were shown higher activity than P-25. The LT coated experimental specimen surface had anatase crystal form, less than 20 nm of particle size and wide specific surface area. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of specimens, methylene blue degradation reaction were used and about 5% of degradation rate were measured after 2 hours. The average contact angle was less than $20^{\circ}$ indicating that the LT photocatalyst had hydrophilicity. In the antifungal activity test for Candida albicans, 0% survival rate were measured within 30 minute after irradiation of UVA light. Conclusion. From the results reported above, it is concluded that the UVA-LT photocatalytic reaction have an antifungal effect on the denture surface Candida albicans, and so that could be applicable to the clinical use as a cleaning method.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.319-327
• /
• 1995

$^{131}I$-metaiodobenzylguanidine(MIBG) has been used for the diagnosis and treatment of neural crest tumors. We report our experience with this agent in 8 patients[1 multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN) type IIb; 2 malignant pheochromocytoma; 5 medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC)]. The therapeutic procedure consisted of 30-200 mCi of $^{131}I-MIBG$ administered by slow I.V. infusion, given at 3-6 months intervals. Commutative activity ranged from 150 mCi to 410 mCi, in 1 to 4 courses. $^{131}I-MIBG$ therapy resulted in significant disease free interval in 1 malignant pheochromocytoma(no measurable lesion) after surgery; complete hormonal and tumoral response in 2 MTC(1 MEN IIb): stable disease in 1 recurred pheochromocytoma(MEN IIb): stable disease but symptomatic improvement in 1 MTC, progressive disease in 1 malignant pheochromocytoma and 2 MTC. The patients who showed progression appeared to have large inoperable tumors or postoperative remnant tumors.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2014

Evidence suggests that dietary indole, particularly rich in cruciferous vegetables, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Endosulfan is a residual organochlorine pesticide, which is detected in fruits, vegetables, and crops. In this study, we investigated the effect of luminal indole on endosulfan transport in the small intestine in mesenteric lymph duct-cannulated rats. The duodenum was also cannulated and a fasting phosphate buffered saline-glucose solution was infused overnight at 3 mL/hr. After recovery, a lipid emulsion containing [2,3-$^{14}C$] endosulfan ($^{14}C$-endosulfan) was infused into the duodenum for 8 hours. The tested rats were infused with the same lipid emulsion, but with indole. Samples from the lymph-fistula were collected hourly, and the luminal contents and mucosa were collected at the end of the infusion. The lymph flow in the mesenteric lymph did not differ between the two groups. However, the intestinal absorption of both endosulfan and cholesterol were significantly decreased by indole. The amount of radioactive endosulfan, which remained in the mucosa, was greater in the indole-infused rats due to the decreased transport of endosulfan into the lymph. This study indicates that the indole decreases the intestinal transport of endosulfan into the mesenteric lymph.