• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1075-1084
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• 1994

In this paper we derive a closed-form approximate expression for the bit error probability of the MPSK modulation with diversity reception in the Suzuki fading channel which is a mixture of short term and long term fading. We showed that the proposed approximate expression was capable of efficient computation compared to the existing integral-form expression, and gives an quantitative insight how much the channel parameters degrade the system performance. Further more it is shown that an appropriate transmission power control is beneficial to the system through consideration of the approximate expression.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

This article analyzes the background representation of 3D animation and look at what its proper background expression. With the development of computer graphics technology, the background of the 3D animations can be expressed as The actual background. In contrast, "The Smurfs" which was released recently was created to take the actual background. However, 3D animation with real background is not appropriate in terms of creative expression space in the main role of the animation. In this Study, we analyze the character and background of the animation made in 3D graphics. Based on this, we propose a correct representation of 3D animation background.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 2001

The genome sequencing project has generated and will continue to generate enormous amounts of sequence data including 5 eukaryotic and about 60 prokaryotic genomes. Given this ever-increasing amounts of sequence information, new strategies are necessary to efficiently pursue the next phase of the genome project-the elucidation of gene expression patterns and gene product function on a whole genome scale. In order to assign functional information to the genome sequence, DNA chip(or gene microarray) technology was developed to efficiently identify the differential expression pattern of independent biological samples. DNA chip provides a new tool for genome expression analysis that may revolutionize many aspects of biotechnology including new drug discovery and disease diagnostics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.291-315
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• 2019

The aim of the present study was to compare the research trends on disinformation between Korean and abroad. To achieve this objective, a total of 283 author-assigned English keywords in 104 Korean papers and 3,551 author-assigned English keywords in 861 abroad papers were collected from the whole research fields and the publication periods. The collected data were analyzed using NetMiner V.4 to discover their 'degree centrality' and 'betweenness centrality'of the keyword network. The result are as follows. First, the major research topics of disinformation in Korea were drawn such as 'Freedom of Expression', 'Fact Check', 'Regulation', 'Media Literacy', and 'Information Literacy' in order; whereas, in abroad were shown like 'Social Media', 'Post Truth', 'Propaganda', 'Information Literacy', and 'Journalism' in order. Second, in terms of the influence of research topics related to disinformation, in Korea were identified such as 'Fact Check', 'Freedom of Expression', and 'Hoax' in order; whereas, in abroad were shown such as 'Social Media' and 'Detection' in order. Finally, in an aspect of intervention of research topics related to disinformation, in Korea were 'Fact Check', 'Polarization', 'Freedom of Expression', and 'Commercial'; whereas, in abroad were 'Social Media', 'Detection', and 'Machine Learning' in order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1410-1420
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern by peirce's semiotic theory. The methods of this study was to analyze 721 T-shirts patterns in designer's collection from 2000 to 2004. The results of this study were as follows: First of all, iconic expression showed high frequency after 2000. Characteristics of effective expression were as follows: In geometric expression, repetition was presented as a symbolic sign by regular proportion and rule of dot, line, plane, irregularity, mixture of irregular dot, line, plane. Mixed expression was presented as a iconic and symbolic sign by collage, mixture of dot, line, plane, icon and letter. In iconic expression, simplification of iconic sigrl was presented as a iconic sign by simplification of form, color, texture, realistic expression using digital as a iconic sign, and symbolic face, body as a symbolic sign. Pop art's expression was presented as a iconic sign by a cartoon and commercial character and illusion was presented as a iconic sign. In letter's expression, brand logo was presented as a symbolic sign by transformation of letter's design, a symbolic sign of numeral by transformation of size, thickness, form, color. Symbolic message phrase was presented by slogan, fashion trend, brand image, descriptive indication message as a index sign by using icon or singleness. In conclusion, characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern will present not only the theoretical foundation to raise the value added, but also the information about beauty sense of times, political and social value.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 2009

This paper proposes an approach of a novel facial expression recognition to deal with different intensities to improve a performance of a facial expression recognition. Various expressions and intensities of each person make an affect to decrease the performance of the facial expression recognition. The effect of different intensities of facial expression has been seldom focused on. In this paper, a face expression template and an expression-intensity distribution model are introduced to recognize different facial expression intensities. These techniques, facial expression template and expression-intensity distribution model contribute to improve the performance of facial expression recognition by describing how the shift between multiple interest points in the vicinity of facial parts and facial parts varies for different facial expressions and its intensities. The proposed method has the distinct advantage that facial expression recognition with different intensities can be very easily performed with a simple calibration on video sequences as well as still images. Experimental results show a robustness that the method can recognize facial expression with weak intensities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.120-133
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• 2008

This paper presents a novel approach for facial motion tracking and facial expression cloning to create a realistic facial animation of a 3D avatar. The exact head pose estimation and facial expression tracking are critical issues that must be solved when developing vision-based computer animation. In this paper, we deal with these two problems. The proposed approach consists of two phases: dynamic head pose estimation and facial expression cloning. The dynamic head pose estimation can robustly estimate a 3D head pose from input video images. Given an initial reference template of a face image and the corresponding 3D head pose, the full head motion is recovered by projecting a cylindrical head model onto the face image. It is possible to recover the head pose regardless of light variations and self-occlusion by updating the template dynamically. In the phase of synthesizing the facial expression, the variations of the major facial feature points of the face images are tracked by using optical flow and the variations are retargeted to the 3D face model. At the same time, we exploit the RBF (Radial Basis Function) to deform the local area of the face model around the major feature points. Consequently, facial expression synthesis is done by directly tracking the variations of the major feature points and indirectly estimating the variations of the regional feature points. From the experiments, we can prove that the proposed vision-based facial expression cloning method automatically estimates the 3D head pose and produces realistic 3D facial expressions in real time.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 2005

I propose a framework for detecting, recognizing and classifying facial features based on learned expression patterns. The framework recognizes facial expressions by using PCA and expression HMM(EHMM) which is Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach to represent the spatial information and the temporal dynamics of the time varying visual expression patterns. Because the low level spatial feature extraction is fused with the temporal analysis, a unified spatio-temporal approach of HMM to common detection, tracking and classification problems is effective. The proposed recognition framework is accomplished by applying posterior probability between current visual observations and previous visual evidences. Consequently, the framework shows accurate and robust results of recognition on as well simple expressions as basic 6 facial feature patterns. The method allows us to perform a set of important tasks such as facial-expression recognition, HCI and key-frame extraction.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

Referring expressions are natural language constructions used to identify particular objects within a scene. In this paper, we propose a new deep neural network model for referring expression comprehension. The proposed model finds out the region of the referred object in the given image by making use of the rich information about the referred object itself, the context object, and the relationship with the context object mentioned in the referring expression. In the proposed model, the object matching score and the relationship matching score are combined to compute the fitness score of each candidate region according to the structure of the referring expression sentence. Therefore, the proposed model consists of four different sub-networks: Language Representation Network(LRN), Object Matching Network (OMN), Relationship Matching Network(RMN), and Weighted Composition Network(WCN). We demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art results for comprehension on three referring expression datasets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.267-276
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the interactive message expression and consumer characteristic insert IPTV advertising. The results of this study were follow: Firstly, Attention and attitude of interactive message advertising appeared than general TV advertising so that it was high. Second, In case of interactive message advertising, It appeared efficiently than the advertising without the advertisement detail information which is putting the good detail information. Third, In interactive message expression of IPTV advertising, Floating expression strategy appeared efficiently most. Lastly, Adoption of consumer characteristic was revealed that we had an influence on the knowledge level and the information search intention about IPTV. We present theoretical basis which to present interactive message to IPTV supplier is efficient, and the plan which floating expression can make the click intention of the advertising.