• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2019

Objective: Recent studies have implied that gene expression has high tissue-specificity, and therefore it is essential to investigate gene expression in a variety of tissues when performing the transcriptomic analysis. In addition, the gradual increase of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) annotation database has increased the importance and proportion of mapped reads accordingly. Methods: We employed simple statistical models to detect the sexually biased/dimorphic genes and their conjugate lncRNAs in 40 RNA-seq samples across two factors: sex and tissue. We employed two quantification pipeline: mRNA annotation only and mRNA+lncRNA annotation. Results: As a result, the tissue-specific sexually dimorphic genes are affected by the addition of lncRNA annotation at a non-negligible level. In addition, many lncRNAs are expressed in a more tissue-specific fashion and with greater variation between tissues compared to protein-coding genes. Due to the genic region lncRNAs, the differentially expressed gene list changes, which results in certain sexually biased genes to become ambiguous across the tissues. Conclusion: In a past study, it has been reported that tissue-specific patterns can be seen throughout the differentially expressed genes between sexes in cattle. Using the same dataset, this study used a more recent reference, and the addition of conjugate lncRNA information, which revealed alterations of differentially expressed gene lists that result in an apparent distinction in the downstream analysis and interpretation. We firmly believe such misquantification of genic lncRNAs can be vital in both future and past studies.

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.771-779
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into several cell types. In addition, many studies have shown that MSCs modulate the immune response. However, little information is currently available regarding the maintenance of immunomodulatory characteristics of MSCs through passages. Therefore, we investigated and compared cytokine and gene expression levels from adipose (AD) and bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs relevant to immune modulation from early to late passages. METHODS: MSC immunophenotype, growth characteristics, cytokine expressions, and gene expressions were analyzed. RESULTS: AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs had similar cell morphologies and surface marker expressions from passage 4 to passage 10. Cytokines secreted by AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were similar from early to late passages. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs showed similar immunomodulatory properties in terms of cytokine secretion levels. However, the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene (TSG)-6 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G were decreased and gene expressions of galectin-1 and -3 were increased in both AD- and BM-MSCs with repeated passages. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the immunophenotype and expression of immunomodulation-related cytokines of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs immunomodulation through the passages were not significantly different, even though the gene expressions of both MSCs were different.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.418-430
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze consumers' purchase decision-making process of buying avatar fashion items on the Metaverse platform. Drawing on the connection between the self-expression tendency of the MZ generation and that of avatars in the Metaverse, this study uses a qualitative research method to analyze how consumers express their self-image through the appearance of their avatars. Unlike previous studies on the clothing purchase decision-making process, this study shows that purchasing and consumption behavior involve the following six stages: recognizing desire, collecting information, evaluating alternatives, making purchases, evaluating the consumption, and post-purchase action-taking. In the first stage of the purchase decision-making process, consumers' desire arises with self-image expression and confirmation. In the second stage, consumers have a high tendency to shop in the best item category. In the alternative evaluation stage, consumers tend to seek items that match their highest standard while considering their personal preferences. In the fourth stage, when making actual purchases, unplanned purchase behavior often occurs along with an active practice of alternative evaluation. In the fifth stage, the evaluation of the consumption shows that consumers achieve satisfaction by applying a style to their avatars that they are unable to try in the real world. In the last stage, consumers often use their purchases to communicate their various styles with other online consumers. Therefore, we conclude that the online purchase decision-making process differs from the offline process as it is divided into six stages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1164-1177
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• 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, with the sixth highest fatality rate worldwide. The ESCC-related dataset, GSE20347, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify genes that are highly correlated with ESCC. A total of 91 transcriptome expression profiles and their corresponding clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A mitochondria-associated risk (MAR) model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis and validated using GSE161533. The tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity were explored using the MAR model. Finally, in vitro experiments were performed to analyze the effects of hub genes on the proliferation and invasion abilities of ESCC cells. To confirm the predictive ability of the MAR model, we constructed a prognostic model and assessed its predictive accuracy. The MAR model revealed substantial differences in immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment characteristics between high- and low-risk populations and a substantial correlation between the risk scores and some common immunological checkpoints. AZD1332 and AZD7762 were more effective for patients in the low-risk group, whereas Entinostat, Nilotinib, Ruxolutinib, and Wnt.c59 were more effective for patients in the high-risk group. Knockdown of TYMS significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasive ability of ESCC cells in vitro. Overall, our MAR model provides stable and reliable results and may be used as a prognostic biomarker for personalized treatment of patients with ESCC.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2024

Light is an external environmental factor that affects the biorhythms of aquatic organisms and is involved in their behavior, reproduction, and various biological responses. The biorhythm (24-h cycle) of organisms is controlled internally by clock genes, such as period (Per), cryptochrome (Cry), and melatonin receptor (MT-R), and is externally controlled by light, food, and temperature. In this study, the experimental organisms were divided into photoperiod and LED groups. The photoperiod group was exposed to two photoperiods (LD, 12 h light: 12 h darkness; DD, constant darkness), and the LED group was exposed to a red LED light (wavelength, 630 nm; 12 h LED light: 12 h darkness). Per and Cry mRNA expression levels increased during the bright phase and decreased during the dark phase. MT-R mRNA expression decreased during the bright period and increased during the dark period. The trend in clock gene expression in the RD group was similar to that in the DD group but not in the LD group. Red LED irradiation induced gene expression similar to the 24 h memorization condition, suggesting that long-wavelength light conditions can change the biorhythm of abalones. This study provides academic information on the biorhythm cycle of abalone (a marine gastropod), which is less well known than that of fish and can aid in predicting the physiological response of abalones to changes in light wavelength.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.422-436
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• 2020

In this paper, we investigate the impact of antenna correlation on secure transmission in a multi-eavesdropper single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system, where the receiver and eavesdroppers are equipped with correlated antennas. Based on the practical passive eavesdropping system, the new closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and non-zero secrecy capacity probability are derived to explore the effect of antenna correlation on the system with multiple eavesdroppers. To further analyze the secrecy performance of the investigated system, we theoretically derive the expression of asymptotic SOP to clearly show the diversity order and array gain. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations verify the effectiveness of our theoretical results.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06e
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• pp.113-116
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose the sound-mapping algorithm of the detected obstacle by ultrasonic sensors. We apply this algorithm to a Obstacle alarm for the visually impaired. In our system, we acquire obstacles information using ultrasonic sensors, and transform two-dimensional and distance information into sound-imaging information and vibrator with azimuth (direction) and distance. We implement this system with ultrasonic sensors to more effective expression of the obstacle information. The distance of an obstacle can be expressed by sound pressure level, and azimuth of the obstacles can be expressed by inter-aural time difference (ITD) and inter-aural level difference (ILD) that are two important cues in a binaural system. These are the principal cues for sound localization, to detect sound source. In this system, the obstacle is substituted with a sound source. The visually impaired receive sound information of obstacles by headphone.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.649-657
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigate energy efficiency (EE) of the traditional co-located and the distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. First, we derive an approximate EE expression for both the idealistic and the realistic power consumption models. Then an optimal energy-efficient remote access unit (RAU) selection algorithm based on the distance between the mobile stations (MSs) and the RAUs are developed to maximize the EE for the downlink distributed massive MIMO systems under the realistic power consumption model. Numerical results show that the EE of the distributed massive MIMO systems is larger than the co-located massive MIMO systems under both the idealistic and realistic power consumption models, and the optimal EE can be obtained by the developed energy-efficient RAU selection algorithm.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1186-1189
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• 2007

소프트웨어 아키텍처는 설계자가 요구하는 사항을 개발자에게 전달하기 위해 사용된다. 많은 아키텍처 방안들은 코드 의존적으로 만들어 졌다. 이는 설계자가 요구하는 사항을 개발자에게 충분히 전달할 수 없다. 또한 현재 많은 네트워크 시스템들은 웹 환경을 포함하고 있기 때문에 본 논문에서는 웹 환경을 포함하고 설계자와 개발자간에 명확한 의사소통을 위해 사용될 수 있는 아키텍처 구성 방안을 제시 한다. 그리고 현재 많은 소프트웨어 취약점으로 인해 보안적인 문제를 가지고 있다. 따라서 불가피하게 패치를 개발하고 분배하는 방법을 필요로 한다. 현재 패치 분배 시스템의 개발은 타기종간의 분산 환경 및 패치 환경 그리고 웹의 개발에 의해서 복잡해 진다. 그래서 제안한 방안을 이용해 패치 분배 시스템을 구성 하여 제시한 방안에 의해 효율적으로 수행해 볼 것이다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2003

This paper investigates the performance of M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) multiuser ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems in terms of symbol error rate (SER) over fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Based on Gaussian approximation for the multiple access interference, an expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived for the UWB system. This expression is used to derive exact SER expressions for coherent UWB receivers. The effect of pulse selection on the SER of multiuser UWB system is studied. In addition to rectangular pulse, the 2nd derivative Gaussian waveform and Rayleigh pulses were considered. We show that the system capacity and/or SER performance can be significantly increased by using the monocycle pulse in fading channels.