• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.225-241
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• 2009

We investigated the transcriptional profiles of Japanese indigenous grape cultivar 'Koshu' (Vitis vinifera) leaf and berry skin during ripening. In leaf, 64 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$ (14 weeks post-flowering), whereas the expression of 61 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening (20 weeks post-flowering). In berry skin, 67 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$, whereas the expression of 86 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening. Gene expression associated with biological processes was activated in both tissues at the end of ripening. The expression of genes associated with photosynthesis, sugar synthesis, anthocyanin synthesis, cinnamic acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism was observed in leaf and berry skin during ripening, together with the accumulation of sugars, anthocyanins, cinnamic acids, and amino acids. Transcripts of AUX/IAA family proteins that repress the activities of auxin-induced proteins were expressed in berry skin at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$. Transcripts of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system that degrades AUX/IAA family proteins were abundantly expressed in berry skin at the end of ripening, suggesting that the expansion of skin cells at $v{\acute{e}}raison$ is suppressed by AUX/IAA family proteins, and that the ubiquitin-proteasome system induces the expansion of skin cells during ripening by degrading AUX/IAA family proteins. These transcriptional profiles, which provide new information on the characteristics of 'Koshu' grapevine during ripening, may explain the unique characteristics of 'Koshu' grape in comparison with those of European grapes used for winemaking, and may contribute to the improvement of 'Koshu' grape quality.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

Chironomous is aquatic insect belonging to order Diptera, family Chironomidae. Their larval stage can be found mainly in aquatic benthic environment, hence good model organism to study environmental toxicology assessments and consider as useful bio indicators of contamination of the aquatic environment. In this study, Chironomus Heat Shock Proteins, Cytochrome 450, Glutathione S-transferase, Serine-type endopeptidase gene expressions were compared between polluted field areas (Chironomus plumosus) and under laboratory conditions (Chironomus riparious) to investigate molecular indicators for environmental contaminant stress assessment. Heavy metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Zn, Se, Pb, As, Cd) concentrations in sediments collected from three study areas exceeded the reference values. Moreover, HSPs, CYP450 and GST gene expression except SP for C. plumosus showed higher expression than C. riparious gene expression. Similar gene expression pattern was observed in C. riparious that exposed environment waters up to 96 h when compared to C. plumosus exposed to waters that grown in lab conditions. In summary, this comparative gene expression analysis in Chironomous between field and laboratory condition gave useful information to select candidate molecular indicators in heavy metal contaminations in the environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.621-631
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to grasp the research trends of domestic journals about dance expression ability. The thesis was selected from 36 articles selected from Korean Academic Information (KISS) provided by KERIS from 2001 to December, 2017 and articles related to dance expressions included in DBpia, Research methods, research subjects, and research themes. First, the research trends of the academic journals by year were on average 3 from 2004 to 2017. Second, the research method is mostly related to quantitative research methods. Third, research theme trends were dance expressiveness, body expression ability, and dance expressiveness. Fourth, the research subjects were dance students major, dance program, dance expression in order. In the future, it is necessary to confirm the research techniques and overcome the researches to overcome the research tendency based on questionnaire scales or statistical results.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated in the human brains affected with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF receptors after acute seizures could suppress the generation of spontaneous recurrent seizures, suggesting a critical role of VEGF-related signaling in epilepsy. Therefore, in the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was investigated in C57BL/6N mice using immunohistochemistry. At 1 day after SE, hippocampal astrocytes and microglia were activated. Pyramidal neuronal death was observed at 4 days after SE. In the subpyramidal zone, VEGF-C expression gradually increased and peaked at 7 days after SE, while VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated at 4 days after SE and began to decrease at 7 days after SE. Most VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-expressing cells were pyramidal neurons, but VEGF-C was also observed in some astrocytes in sham-manipulated animals. However, at 4 days and 7 days after SE, both VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C immunoreactivities were observed mainly in astrocytes and in some microglia of the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, respectively. These data indicate that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can be upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after pilocarpine-induced SE, providing basic information about VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression patterns following acute seizures.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.513-525
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• 2020

Clonorchis sinensis is a food-borne trematode that infects more than 15 million people. The liver fluke causes clonorchiasis and chronical cholangitis, and promotes cholangiocarcinoma. The underlying molecular pathogenesis occurring in the bile duct by the infection is little known. In this study, transcriptome profile in the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis were analyzed using microarray methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 1,563 and 1,457 at 2 and 4 weeks after infection. Majority of the DEGs were temporally dysregulated at 2 weeks, but 519 DEGs showed monotonically changing expression patterns that formed seven distinct expression profiles. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the DEG products revealed 5 sub-networks and 10 key hub proteins while weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)-derived gene-gene interaction exhibited 16 co-expression modules and 13 key hub genes. The DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, which were related to original systems, cellular process, environmental information processing, and human diseases. This study uncovered a global picture of gene expression profiles in the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis, and provided a set of potent predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis of clonorchiasis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1199-1214
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• 2022

Apolipoprotein H (APOH) primarily engages in fat metabolism and inflammatory disease response. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APOH on fat synthesis in duck myoblasts (CS2s) by APOH overexpression and knockdown. CS2s overexpressing APOH showed enhanced triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) contents and elevated the mRNA and protein expression of AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) while reducing the expression of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The results showed that knockdown of APOH in CS2s reduced the content of TG and CHOL, reduced the expression of ACC1, ELOVL6, and AKT1, and increased the gene and protein expression of PPARG, LPL, ACSL1, and AMPK. Our results showed that APOH affected lipid deposition in myoblasts by inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation and promoting fatty acid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the AKT/AMPK pathway. This study provides the necessary basic information for the role of APOH in fat accumulation in duck myoblasts for the first time and enables researchers to study the genes related to fat deposition in meat ducks in a new direction.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

This paper proposes a classification method for gene expression data, using membership function and neural network. The gene expression is a process to produce mRNA and protains which generate a living body, and the gene expression data is important to find out the functions and correlations of genes. Such gene expression data can be obtained from DNA 칩 massively and quickly. However, thousands of gene expression data may not be useful until it is well organized. Therefore a classification method is necessary to find the characteristics of gene data acquired from the gene expression. In the proposed method, a set of gene data is extracted according to the fisher's criterion, because we assume that selected gene data is the well-classified data sample. However, the selected gene data does not guarantee well-classified data sample and we calculate feature values using membership function to reduce the influence of outliers in gene data. Feature vectors estimated from the selected feature values are used to train back propagation neural network. The experimental results show that the clustering performance of the proposed method has been improved compared to other existing methods in various gene expression data.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2005

Distraction osteogenesis is a technique of lengthening bone including soft tissue by gradual separation of surgically divided bone surfaces. Although the biomechanical, histological, and ultrastructural changes associated with distraction osteogenesis have been widely described, the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of new bone in distracted bone segments remain largely unclear. However, such information has significant clinical implications because it may enable targeted therapeutic manipulations designed to accelerate osseous regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF in distraction osteogenesis according to different distraction rates in a rabbit's mandible. When twenty-four adult rabbits underwent open osteotomy between the premolar and mental foramen, an external bilateral distraction device was applied. Latency was allowed for five days before distraction. Three different distraction rates were 0.7 mm/day (A, n=8), 1.4 mm/day (B, n=8) and 2.4 mm/day (C, n=8). The distraction device was activated with the same distraction rhythms of twice a day until 4.9 mm (A & B group) and 8.4 mm (C group) length gains was achieved. The animals were sacrificed at postoperative 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The bony specimens were stained with H&E for histologic examination, and RT-PCR analysis was done for the identification of the expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF. The results obtained from this study were as follows : The 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups were shown to improve regenerative bone formation on radiographic and histologic examination. Also, TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF expression increased in the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups. But the 2.4 mm/day distraction rate group specimen was different with adjacent normal bone and hardly expressed of growth factors. These findings suggest that improved new bone formation in the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rates is associated with enhanced expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF by mechanical tension stress. Additionally, the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups were significantly different from the 2.4 mm/day distraction rate group in the expression of growth factors. According to the above results, it seems possible to apply a distraction rate of up to 1.4 mm/day a day in rabbit's mandible. And further studies are needed to evaluate growth factors of TGF-$\beta$1 and IGF-I, which are excellent in expression.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2004

This paper presents a facial expression control method of 3D avatar that enables the user to select a sequence of facial frames from the facial expression space, whose level of details the user can select hierarchically. Our system creates the facial expression spare from about 2,400 captured facial frames. But because there are too many facial expressions to select from, the user faces difficulty in navigating the space. So, we visualize the space hierarchically. To partition the space into a hierarchy of subspaces, we use fuzzy clustering. In the beginning, the system creates about 11 clusters from the space of 2,400 facial expressions. The cluster centers are displayed on 2D screen and are used as candidate key frames for key frame animation. When the user zooms in (zoom is discrete), it means that the user wants to see mort details. So, the system creates more clusters for the new level of zoom-in. Every time the level of zoom-in increases, the system doubles the number of clusters. The user selects new key frames along the navigation path of the previous level. At the maximum zoom-in, the user completes facial expression control specification. At the maximum, the user can go back to previous level by zooming out, and update the navigation path. We let users use the system to control facial expression of 3D avatar, and evaluate the system based on the results.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Recently lots of attention has been paid to gene set analysis for identifying differentially expressed gene-sets between two sample groups. Unlike earlier approaches, the gene set analysis enables us to find significant gene-sets along with their functional characteristics. For this reason, various novel approaches have been suggested lately for gene set analysis. As one of such, PAGE is a parametric approach that employs average difference (AD) as an expression metric to quantify expression differences between two sample groups and assumes that the distribution of gene scores is normal. This approach is preferred to non-parametric approach because of more effective performance. However, the metric AD does not reflect either gene expression intensities or variances over samples in calculating gene scores. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the usefulness of several other expression metrics for parametric gene-set analysis, which consider actual expression intensities of genes or their expression variances over samples. For this purpose, we examined three expression metrics, WAD (weighted average difference), FC (Fisher's criterion), and Abs_SNR (Absolute value of signal-to-noise ratio) for parametric gene set analysis and evaluated their experimental results.