• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.224-230
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• 2013

Objectives: Papilloma frequently develops as a benign tumor of the head and neck area, but its potential for malignant transformation has yet to be studied. This study aims to provide basic information for papillomas using the immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 and 18. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the malignant transformation of papillomas, the selected tissue samples were serially diagnosed with pre-cancerous papilloma (with epithelial dysplasia, pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia) or malignant lesion (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) after the first diagnosis (squamous papilloma, inverted papilloma). The selected tissues were stained with an antibody to MMP-2 and HPV 16-E7, HPV 18-L1. A statistical analysis was performed according to each transformation step. Results: The epithelial layer of papilloma and pre-cancerous papilloma lesions had a similar MMP-2 expression, but that of the malignant lesion had a significantly increased MMP-2 expression. HPV 16 and 18 infection rates were 28.6%, 33.3% and 63.6% in papillomas, pre-cancerous papilloma lesions, and SCC. Conclusions: A relatively high MMP-2 expression and HPV 16 or 18 infection of papillomas may be associated with early events in the multistep processes of malignant transformation of papillomas.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.85-100
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• 2001

A Study on the make-up expression and purchasing behavior of make-up cosmetics based on the lifestyle. The intention of this study is to classily the consumer group based on the lifestyle, to research the characteristics and desire of the each group, and to find out the differences of the make-up expression and purchasing behavior of make-up cosmetics among each group. The result of this study are as follow; 1. We have obtained seven factors out of twenty six lifestyle items by using AIO lifestyle measurement. The seven factors are make-up high involvement factor, brand loyal factor, make-up bases factor, economical and natural beauty oriented factor, impulsive consumption oriented factor, stubborn choice factor, sensitive to others view factor 2. We have formed four groups based on the seven factors. The four groups are impulsive consumption type, professional make-up type, intentional make-up type, basic type. 3. It was examined that women want to express smart, ellegant and intelligent images form the make-up 4. According to the examination of the differences of the purchsing behavior, only the purchase motive, information source and cosmetics purchase amount per month was differentiate among the groups.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2007

Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infection. Although side effects of gentamicin such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity have been investigated, the information on the hepatic effects of gentamicin is still limited. In the present study, gene expression profiles were analyzed in the liver of gentamicin treated mice using Affymetrix GeneChip$^{(R)}$ Mouse Expression 430A 2.0 Array. Totally, 400 genes were identified as being either up- or down-regulated over 1.5-fold changes (P<0.01) in the liver of gentamicin treated mice. Among these deregulated genes, 16 up-regulated genes mainly involved in transport (Kif5b, Pex14, Rab14, Clcn3, and Necap1) and 20 down-regulated genes involved in lipid and other metabolisms (Hdlbp, Gm2a, Uroc1, and Dak) were selected using k-means clustering algorithm. The functional classification of differentially expressed genes represented that several stress-related genes were regulated in the liver by gentamicin treatment. This data may contribute in understanding the molecular mechanism in the liver of gentamicin treated mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2002

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the powerful heterologous protein expression systems using insect cells. As a result this has become a hot issue in the fleld of biotechnology. The advantage of the BEVS is that the large-scale production of heterologous proteins, which undergo posttranslational modification in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can be accomplished. Altrough posttranslational modification of heterologous proteins in insect cells is more similar to mammalian cells than yeast, it is not always identical. Therefore, aggregation and degradation can sometimes occur in the ER. To produce a high level of bioactive heterologous proteins using BEVS in insect cells, the prerequisite is to completely understand the posttranslational conditions that determine how newly synthesized polypeptides are folded and assembling with ER chaperones in the ER lumen. Here, we provide information on current BEVS problems and the possibility of successful heterologous protein production from mammalian cells.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

This paper proposes a 3D avatar which expresses sign language in a very using lips, facial expression, complexion, pupil motion and body motion as well as hand shape, Hand posture and hand motion to overcome the limitation of conventional sign language avatars from a deaf's viewpoint. To describe motion data of hand and other body components structurally and enhance the performance of databases, we introduce the concept of a hyper sign sentence. We show the superiority of the developed system by a usability test through a questionnaire survey.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 2016

Red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, is a popular aquaculture species and a protogynous hermaphrodite. Induction of artificial sex change at the time of primary sex differentiation is of interest but has not been successful due to the lack of necessary basic information. To find out the potential neuroendocrine influence on the primary sex differentiation, the expression of key genes in the brain was investigated during the formation of ovarian cavity. Expression of cyp19a1b, esr1, gnrhr1, fsh, lh and cga in the brain was positively associated with the formation of ovarian cavity, showing gradual increase as the formation proceeds. However, the expression of gnrh1 was suppressed during the early part of the ovarian cavity formation, signifying potential hypothalamic influence on the primary sex differentiation in this species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2009

The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is one of the most important edible mushrooms worldwide. The mechanism of P. ostreatus fruiting body development has been of interest both for the basic understanding of the phenotypic change of the mycelium-fruiting body and to improve breeding of the mushrooms. Based on our previous publication of P. ostreatus expressed sequence tag database, 1,528 unigene clones were used in macroarray analysis of mycelium, fruiting body and basidiospore developmental stages of P. ostreatus. Gene expression profile databases generated by evaluating expression levels showed that 33, 10, and 94 genes were abundantly expressed in mycelium, fruiting body and basidiospore developmental stages, respectively. Among them, the genes specifically expressed in the fruiting body stage were further analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot to investigate temporal and spatial expression patterns. These results provide useful information for future studies of edible mushroom development.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of present study is to examine the effect of methanolic extract from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (BF) on acute cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat caudate putamen (CPu), a major dopaminergic terminal. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection with either cocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) or saline 30 min after an administration of either extract of BF (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle. Animals were sacrificed 2 hr after treatment with cocaine or saline for immunohistochemistry. Quantification of brain slices was examined for c-Fos positive nuclei using light microscopy. Results : Pretreatment with BF significantly attenuated cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat CPu. Conclusions : This finding suggests that BF has the inhibitory effect on cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat CPu via possibly modulating the activities of central dopaminergic systems.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.2125-2134
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• 2000

RBAC(Role Based Access Control) has the advantage that reflects the real world because it presents a basic access control model based on user's role in organizations or governments. But in RBAC model, the privileges of the senior roles in these hierarchies are inherited from those of the junior roles, so RBAC model has the privileges problem that he senior are given more privileges than they need. That is, it tends to infringe the Principle of Least Privilege. On the other hand, if we give some excessive constraints on the RBAC model without scrupulous care, it may be meaningless property of role hierarchies. Furthermore, such complicated constraints make it more difficult to mange resources and roles in huge enterprise environments. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problems of role hierarchies such as inefficient role managements and abuse of privileges by using newly presented the backward tag pointer path expression in the inheritance of privileges.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.527-536
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• 2015

Recently, the demand for three-dimensional spatial information has continuously been increasing, and especially, studies of indoor/outdoor spatial information or data construction have actively been conducted. However, utilization of spatial information does not universally spread to the private sector, but it is mostly used for the government offices. Thus, this study deals with the creation of three-dimensional right objects and the technique of expression to further vitalize the private sector, three-dimensional right objects, aiming to create and express three-dimensional right spaces in a particular system or open platform more conveniently. Unlike a plane text or apartment building used in existing maps was iconified and displayed simply, this study proposes a method of extracting data from the outer border of the building by the relevant level based on the existing structured three-dimensional building, a method of providing two-dimensional right spatial objects in XML, and expressing them as three-dimensional right objects efficiently. In addition, this study will discuss a method of creating right objects in a way in which an owner who was provided with a cross section of a building involves the direct detailed right objects in additional production or reproduction to utilize three-dimensional data (right objects) produced through this study.