• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

This paper applied a VAR model to analyze the effects of RMB exchange rate brought to processing trade, non-processing trade and FDI. Then we can get the results that the appreciation of RMB could not solve the problem of US trade deficit. It is more likely that the appreciation just can transfer the trade imbalance to other country with US, which could not radically solve the economic problems of US. Also this paper find that the data of service trade is surplus while the main goods deficit was occur in advanced technology product, especially in the information & communications trade And US has real advantage in these industries, so the situation will be changed if US decreased the barrier in these industries. In that way, the imbalance situation should be greatly reduced.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 2006

The terms electronic trade, electronic trading and electronic commerce are often used interchangeably, and refer to trading transactions conducted using electronic media. Electronic trade is business-to-business transactions in an industrial context, while electronic commerce refers to retailing and the consumer sector as well as mass marketing. The Electronic trade process is defined as a flow of information (documents) exchanged between enterprises and trade-related firms (shipping companies, foreign exchange banks, forwarders, etc.) in the course of implementing a series of export and import procedures. Electronic trading systems exploit information technology to improve the efficiency of communications and/or to alter the nature of inter-organizational transactions. Many studies exist about the adoption of inter-organizational systems (IOS) and electronic data interchange (EDI), but few focus on electronic trade. The literature on exporting companies's electronic trade adoption and implementation, although extensive, consists mainly of exploratory studies focusing on technological characteristics such as barriers, benefits and usage. The purpose of this study is to broaden this perspective by investigating the environmental, organizational and technological drivers of business-to-business e-commerce adoption.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.849-850
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• 2009

하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 통합설계를 이용한 시스템 개발에서는 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 요소가 가지는 비용, 개발 시간, 유연성, 재사용성, 수행성능과 같은 특징간 trade-off를 고려해야 한다. 개발조직에서는 통합설계 및 개발을 위한 릴리스 플랜 수립 시에 개념적 수준의 하드웨어/소프트웨어 분할 아키텍처 스타일 후보들을 도출하고, 요구사항 선택을 위해 도출된 후보들에 대한 상대적 중요도를 결정한다. 본 논문에서는 제품의 릴리스 플랜 수립을 목표로 우선순위에 기반한 아키텍처 스타일 우선순위 선정 프로세스를 제안한다. 이를 위해 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 요소 사이의 trade-off를 고려하여 우선순위를 결정한다. 개발조직의 이해당사자는 주어진 자원 및 제약사항 내에서 제품의 목표를 달성할 수 있도록 우선순위화를 통해 릴리스 플랜의 완성도를 높일 수 있다.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.119-140
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• 2005

The purpose of this article is to study on the electronic bill of lading in the electronic trade era. The term 'electronic trade' means all or part of any such trade as implemented by means of apparatus having the information processing capability, such as a computer, and networks of information and communications. The introduction of an electronic bill of lading has long been considered essential by the members of the international trading community as a key means of reducing its costly reliance on paper.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1984

Nowadaty, To keep pace with the mass transportation carried out by vessels in the international trade, the Korean government is trying to make a rapid progress to be a higher ranked shipping country to the world through the shipping increase. For the effective management of international trade by vessels and the safe operation of vessels, it is indispensable for ships radio communication to be effective and smooth. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency of ships radio communication is one of the primary factors to be solved for the econimics of shipping management. The reserch area is not only limited to the ships radio communication on the North Pacific Ocean but limited to the ships radio communication which is one of the chiefest methods of communications. From the research for the efficient methods of ships radio communication, the following results are obtained. (1) The operator on ships radio communication should have the knowledge of specific know-how and wide experience in the operation of ships radio communications. (2) The operator should abopt the radio propagation prediction made by the Ministry of Communications to use the best ionosphere reflection in the short wave communications. (3) The increase the radio officer of 1 to 2 in order to contrive the safety at sea and to keep the ships radio communication fare low. (4) The owner should pay their attentions to the education and employment of radio officer. (5) The authorities concerned on the ships radio communication should estabilish the effective and consistent policy for the ships radio officers.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2003

The purpose of this article is to study on the strategy for Success in the Electronic Trade Transaction. The term "electronic trade" means all or part of any such trade as implemented by means of apparatus having the information processing capability, such as a computer, and networks of information and communications. The Internet brings people together from every country in the world. It reduces the distances between people in many ways. The predominant language on the Web is English, although sites in other language barrier is overcome, the technology exists for any business to conduct electronic commerce with any other business or consumer, anywhere in the world.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.295-303
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• 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the primary zones that stimulates economic development in today's globalized world. It promotes technological developments in worldwide communication and manufacturing systems, as well as economic growth and development. Many economic activities, such as international trade and foreign direct investment, rely heavily on contemporary information and communications technologies (FDI). The goal of this study is to look at the dynamic relationship between FDI, ICT, trade openness, and economic growth in the context of BRICS countries from 2000 to 2018, with Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable and Telephone subscriptions, Mobile subscriptions, Broadband subscriptions, Internet subscribers, Secure internet servers, Trade, and Foreign direct investment as the independent variables.Two variables are used as proxies to manage the macroeconomic environment, while five variables are used as proxies for ICT infrastructures. The outcomes of this study are analyzed using Generalized Methods of Movements (GMM). According to this study, ICT has a positive impact on the economic growth of a few countries. Trade openness and foreign direct investment, on the other hand, have a negative impact on economic growth. As growing countries, the BRICS must participate in economic reform and liberalization measures. This report suggests policy proposals for improving ICT standards, focusing especially on economic growth, trade openness, and increasing foreign investment in the BRICS countries.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.517-545
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• 2008

This study, tried to describe the corporations and competitiveness of IT industries in Korea and China as well as the general trend in trade using import-export structure. Further, based on trade intensity index, revealed comparative advantage index, Grubel-Lloyd index, constant market share, the trade structure between Korea and China was analyzed for the equipment in the fields of communication, information, broadcasting and their parts. The results are; first, since 2004, China has been catching up with Korea in the number of their companies listed in the global top 500 conglomerates. Second, the trade intensity index increased in 2007 4.57% up from 2002, showing increasingly closer connection between the two countries in the area of communications equipment. Third, according to revealed comparative advantage index, Korea's info-communications equipment seems to comparatively lag behind, but in terms of import-export structure is in the black. Fourth, in recent years, Korean equipment's market share in the Chinese market has been dropped due to the weakening competitiveness and the changing commodity supplies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.3256-3274
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• 2022

With the rapid development of information and communications technology, the construction of efficient, reliable, and safe Internet of Things (IoT) is an inevitable trend in order to meet high-quality demands for the forthcoming 6G communications. In this paper, we study a secure intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted IoT system where malicious eavesdropper trying to sniff out the desired information from the transmission links between the IRS and legitimate IoT devices. We discuss the system overall performance and propose a hybrid resource allocation scheme for maximizing the secrecy capacity and secrecy energy efficiency. In order to achieve the trade-off between transmission reliability, communication security, and energy efficiency, we develop a quantum-inspired marine predator algorithm (QMPA) for realizing rational configuration of system resources and prevent from eavesdropping. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the QMPA over other strategies. It is also indicated that proper IRS deployment and power allocation are beneficial for the enhancement of system overall capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.274-276
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• 2004

기존의 컴퓨팅환경에서 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경으로의 전환이 이루어지면서 사용자는 언제 어디서나 네트워크에 연결될 수 있다. 이는 역으로 말하면 언제 어디서나 사용자의 정보가 네트워크에 유출될 수도 있다는 것을 의미한다. 컴퓨팅 환경에서 보안성과 편리성의 추구는 서로 상반되는 Trade-off 문제이다. 이 논문에서는 오토노믹 컴퓨팅(Autonomic Computing)의 개념 [1, 2］을 이용, 정해진 개인정보 보호정책(Privacy Policy)에 기반 하여 개인정보를 보호하고 서비스 사용자의 환경 변화에 대안 상황인지(Situation-Aware)를 통해 유연한 개인정보 보호정책을 적용할 수 있는 아키텍쳐를 제안함으로서 보안성(개인정보보호)과 편리성(사용자 개입의 최소화)의 문제를 다루어보았다.