• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Owing to increase of meteorological disasters by climate change, it needs to study of climate change which will be able to deal with adaption for basic local authorities. A case study area of Yesan have been impacted by land-use which alter natural environment demage. It has led to micro-climate change impacts in rural area, Yesan. In order to adapt to the effects, this paper estimated temperature change in productivity of fruits and conducted decline of nonpoint pollutant loadings. As the results of temperature change of effecting on growth of apple, since a rise in temperature have not increased high, therefore the apple productivity could not be influence until 2030s. While the apple productivity could be declined 14.8% in 2060s. In addition, it supposes that the productivity would be decreased 44.5% in 2090s. Furthermore, it showed that the apple maturity has become worse, because length of high temperature has dramatic increased 54.2% in 2030s, 103.2% in 2060s and 154.0% in 2060s beside 2000, respectively, compared with 2000. As results of analysing between the future rainfall characteristics and nonpoint pollutant loadings, the subject of reduction of nonpoint pollutant was efficiency when it implemented around Oga-myeon or Deoksan-myeon Dun-ri. This study classified the region more detail each Eup and Myeon after that it analysed the rural region impacts of climate change for basic local authorities. Hence, this study is able to predict adaptation of rural region impacts of climate change. Due to increase of green house gases emission, meteorological disasters could often occur in the future. Therefore, it needs follow-up studies that assess climate change of effecting on rural region.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of atmospheric stability on near-field pollutant dispersion from rooftop emissions of a single cubic building using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This paper used the shear stress transport (here after SST) k-${\omega}$ model for predicting the flow and pollutant dispersion around an isolated cubic building. CFD simulations were performed with two emission rates and six atmospheric stability conditions. The results of the simulations were compared with the data from wind tunnel experiments and the result of simulations obtained by previous studies in neutral atmospheric condition. The results indicate that the reattachment length on the roof ($X_R$) obtained by computations show good agreement with the experimental results. However, the reattachment length of the rooftop of the building ($X_F$) is greatly overestimated compared to the findings of wind tunnel test. The result also shows that the general distribution of dimensionless concentration given by SST k-${\omega}$ at the side and leeward wall surfaces is similar to that of the experiment. In unstable conditions, the length of the rooftop cavity was decreased. In stable conditions, the horizontal velocity in the lower part around the building was increased and the vertical velocity around the building was decreased. Stratification increased the horizontal cavity length and width near surface and unstable stratification decreased the horizontal cavity length and width near surface. Maintained stability increases the lateral spread of the plume on the leeward surface. The concentration levels close to the ground's surface under stable conditions were higher than under unstable and neutral conditions.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2014

Riparian areas are significant functional grounds for inhabiting ecological system on the river such as the self-regulation of the water quality and the foundation of important corridors. For such functional device to operate, consecutive land purchase scheme that prioritizes targeted areas with high pollutant load rate imposes sustainable development of the ecological riparian belt. The purpose of this study is focused on measuring the methodology for selecting land purchse order before establishing riparian belt in accordance with pollution loading estimation and the basin approach. The Yeongsan and Seomjin river which includes targeted areas of the land purchase have been classified into the large-medium-small(standard basin) influence areas based on their catchment rage, which than sub-divided the research area of Juam lake by 38 small basins and 223 units. Small basins with the high pollution load rates have been assessed as the first prioritized targets. For the second priority, the condition of the point pollutant sources, original area of the targets, original restored area were concerned. The final decision of the land purchase order targeted only those within 50 meter range from the basin. To validate the accumulated data, the on-site investigation went along the targeted zones, which the result shows that all prioritized areas included both point and non-point pollutant sources, and had not a small originally restored areas.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2017

In this study CALPUFF was used to estimate the influence of temperature rise, according to the observation value of temperature rise based RCP scenario, on meteorological elements (wind direction, wind speed, mixing height) and the change of pollutant diffusion. According to the result. applying estimated value of year 2050 temperature rise, the mixing height is increased as per the temperature rise, so the range of atmospheric diffusion is widened. In summer case, by applying temperature rise of $4^{\circ}C$ and comparing with before applying temperature rise, there was change of diffusion range as per the change of temperature between 10 AM to 11 PM. And the range of diffusion was wider than that of before temperature rise. In winter case, by applying estimated value of temperature rise, $2.3^{\circ}C$, diffusion range has been changed between 8 AM to 4 PM, showing different diffusion aspect from summer. Also, according to the result of air pollution level assessment with temperature rise, it was proved that the ratio of area with increasing air pollution level has been getting higher by increase of temperature.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.254-269
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• 2017

The work describes an assessment of the major air pollutants, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, CO, $O_3$, $NH_3$, coarse and fine particulate matter ($PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$) in ambient air in and around a 3 million tonne Petroleum Refinery and the possible impacts on a pristine area marked by the presence of the world-famous Kajiranga National Park, a world heritage site and habitat for the most number of one-horned rhinos in the world. The Refinery is at an aerial distance of 20-25 km from the wildlife habitat. The assessment is based on regular monitoring at four stations around the Refinery and one station near the National Park. Heavy rains during June to August influence the pollutant concentrations while at other times of the year, large traffic volume adds to the pollutant concentrations that peak during November to March, the dry months of the year. Correlation analysis by scatter technique is utilised to obtain the enhancement ratios to predict the variations in the concentrations of the pollutants and their spatial distribution. Computation of air quality index (AQI) indicates that the coarse and the fine particulates in the ambient air could be a major hazard to wildlife in the area.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

일반적으로 운동성세균은 영양분에 대하여 유인반응(정주화성)을 보인다는 것은 100여년의 주화성 연구 역사를 통하여 잘 알려져 있다. 그 중에 일부 환경오염물질을 분해 가능한 운동성 세균은 환경오염물질에 까지 유인반응을 보인다. 이 환경오염물질 감지 기능을 잘 활용한다면 '환경오염원까지 자발적으로 이동하여 그 화학물질을 분해하는 레이더 탑재형 환경정화세균의 개발이 가능할 것이다. 본 고에서는 지금까지 알려진 환경오염물질 감지를 위한 주화성 분자기구를 정리하고 향후 전망을 논하고자 한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2003

Particle deposition in human lungs was investigated theoretically by using asymmetric five-lobe lung model. The volumes of each of the five lobes were different, thereby forming an asymmetric lung structure. The tidal volume and flow rate of each lobe were scaled according to lobar volume. The total and regional deposition with various breathing patterns were calculated by means of tracking volume segments and accounting for particle loss during inhalation and exhalation. The deposition fractions were obtained for each airway generation and lung lobe, and dominant deposition mechanisms were investigated for different size particles. Results show that the tidal volume and flow rate have a characteristic influence on particle deposition. The total deposition fraction increases with an increase in tidal volume for all particle sizes. However, flow rate has dichotomous effects: a higher flow rate results in a sharp increase in deposition for large size particles, but decreases deposition for small size particles. Deposition distribution within the lung shifts proximally with higher flow rate whereas deposition peak shifts to the deeper lung region with larger tidal volume. Deposition fraction in each lobe was proportional to its volume. Among the three main deposition mechanisms, diffusion was dominant for particles < 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ whereas sedimentation and impaction were most influential for larger size particles. Impaction was particularly dominant for particles> 8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The results may prove to be useful for estimating deposition dose of inhaled pollutant particles at various breathing conditions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.491-494
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• 2008

The hydrogen fuel and fuel cell which have high energy efficiency and low pollutant emission are getting interest as an alternative energies due to the fossil fuel exhaust, green house effect and atmospheric pollutant problems. The hydrogen gas is very effective as an alternative energy. But, if it is leaked into the air it forms the mixed gas with the air then the danger of the explosion is risen up. So, the secure the safety is mostly important. In this research, to detect the leakage of the hydrogen rapidly, added the odorant materials which don't include the sulfur component into the hydrogen gas and researched on the effect of each odorant on the performance of the fuel cell. As the results, setting the cumulation electric power on the basis and comparing the pure hydrogen, 2,3-Butanedione 5ppm mixed gas 86.1%, 5-Ethylidene-2-Norbornene 17ppm mixed gas 88.2%, Isovaleraldehyde 10ppm mixed gas 74.8%, Ethyl Isobutyrate 2.2ppm mixed gas 93.5% of performance was shown.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to provide pollutant loads delivery ratio for flow duration in Oenam-cheon watershed, which is upstream watershed of Juam Lake. To calculate the delivery ratio by flow duration, rating curves and discharge-loads curves using measured data were established, then Flow Duration Curve(FDC) and pollutant loads delivery ratio curves were constructed. The results show that the delivery ratios for $BOD_5$ for abundant flow($Q_{95}$), ordinary flow($Q_{185}$), low flow($Q_{275}$), and drought flow($Q_{355}$) were 23.9, 12.7, 7.1, and 2.9%, respectively. The delivery ratios of same flow regime for T-N were 58.4, 31.2, 17.2 and 7.1%, respectively. While, the delivery ratios T-P were 17.3, 7.5, 3.4, and 1.1% respectively. In general, delivery ratio of high flow condition showed higher value due to the influence of nonpoint source pollution. Based on the study results, generalized equations were developed for delivery ratio and discharge per unit area, which could be used for ungaged watershed with similar pollution sources.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권1호통권115호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

본 연구는 전형적인 비도시 유역인 화옹유역을 대상으로 토지이용과 인구 및 축산의 사육두수를 이용하여 수질항목과의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 화옹담수호로 유입되는 3개의 주요하천의 수질을 평가한 결과 남양천의 N1과 N2지점과 어은천의 E3지점이 특별한 관리가 필요한 것으로 평가되었으며, 이 지점에 설치중인 하수처리장이 완공될 경우 화옹담수호로 유입되는 하천수질개선과 담수호로 유입되는 부하량이 상당히 감소할 것으로 판단된다. 토지이용과 하천수질과의 상관성 분석결과 주거지역의 경우 양의 상관관계를 보였는데, 생활하수의 유입이 직접적인 원인인 것으로 판단되었다. 비도시 유역에서는 형성된 주거지역의 정화조의 정비와 하수처리장 신설, 하수관거 정비 등의 관리가 필요하며, 본 연구지역과같이 하구담수호가 위치한 지역에서는 더욱 중요하고 간척지토지이용에서도 고려해야 하는 사안이다. 논의 경우에는 수질항목들과 유의성을 갖는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었는데, 논은 오염물질을 배출하는 측면보다 하천생태에 좋은 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다. 인구와 수질과의 상관분석결과 낮은 상관성을 나타내었으며, 단위면적당 인구수로 분석했을 때에는 비교한 결과 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 따라서 인구수로 유역의 오염물질 배출을 평가하기 보다는 밀도를 고려해서 평가하는 것이 합리적이다. 축산의 경우는 단위면적당 오염원을 고려하여 평가한 경우 사육두수로 평가하는 것 보다 합리적인 결론을 보였으나 상관성은 높지 않았다. 본 연구는 토지이용과 인구와 축산 등 오염원자료를 이용하여 수질항목간의 상관성을 분석한 결과이며 비도시 유역의 오염부하특성을 이해하는데 도움을 주며, 유역특성이 유사한 지역에서는 본 연구와 유사한 방법으로 유역내 오염원 특성을 파악하여 합리적인 관리계획을 세우는데 응용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.