• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

본 연구는 도심지 내 집중 강우 특성을 고려한 투수성 보도블록의 배수 특성을 알아보기 위하여 2 가지 골재크기에 대하여 강도, 투수성, 증발 및 배수실험을 실시하였다. 강도의 경우 골재크기와 무관하게 한국산업표준(KS) 규격을 만족시킨 반면, 작은 골재로 구성된 투수성 보도블록의 경우 단위시간당 유량이 작은 경우에도 표면유출이 발생하였다. 큰 골재는 초기 우수조건에서의 배수는 원활한 반면 일정시간이 지난 후 동일한 유량의 배수실험에서 표면유출이 관찰되었다. 이는 간극 내부의 물이 투수성을 저감시키는 역할로 작용한 것으로, 투수성 보도블록의 투수성과 배수 성능은 간극비나 간극연결도 만으로 결정되는 것이 아니고 시간에 따른 증발, 선행우수조건에 의해 좌우됨을 나타낸다. 또한 초기 포화도보다는 이중선형 형태의 시간당 증발 양상과 유입량과 증발로 인한 내부 포화도 변화가 표면유출에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2017

Sunlight is perceived by human beings first through the epidermis to space, and is a non - material medium that provides physical awareness of space, diversified expression of spaces, and plenty experience. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of active building skin based on the inflow of natural light required by humans, looked through among the works of Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron, which show the characteristics of active building skin, TEA(Tenerife Espacio de las Artes, 2008), Messe Basel New Hall (2013) and Elbphilharmonie (2016). First, the interaction between Sunlight and space is divided into spatial characteristics and sensitivities according to their concepts, properties, and characteristics. The characteristics of active skin by light are classified into a physical approach and a constructive approach. Second, (El Croquis 152/153) and analyzed the images, detail drawings, and elevations, and simulated them in 3D to express the relationship between light and active building skin. Third, the changes of light intensity, light color, and distribution of light according to the time of light entering and the skin are determined from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm. Fourth, the images taken from January 30th to February 7th, 2017 on the site were compared with the computer simulated images, and the relationship between active skin and light was compared. This study is to recognize the existence and necessity of light required for human being through the activated epidermis differentiated from the limited or closed epidermis focused on information transmission, I would like to emphasize that I would like to take a step closer to the necessity and possibility of new attempts and developments so that I can feel the various experiential spaces by.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1217-1226
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• 2002

This study aims at the effective estimation of water supply capacity of small scale reservoir and the proposal of the data which is necessary to establish the water resources management plan of down stream area of the reservoir in the future by comparison and examination about reservoir operation technique for the security of agricultural water in small scale reservoir. The result of flow calculation by Tank model is used for the input data as the inflow data which is needed for the analysis of water supply capacity. Stochastic method, simulation method, and optimization method are used to examine the water supply capacity, and water security amount is compared with each method. From the analyses of water supply capacities by each method, slightly different results are shown in spite of the effort to compare them equally using input data such as inflow data under equal conditions, and the comparison of water supply capacities by each method are as follows; linear planning method, simulation method, and transition probability matrix method in the order of amount from the largest. It is thought that the simulation method in which comparatively reasonable application of the inflow data is possible and is simulated in successive time series dam operation of the three methods used in this study thus, simulation model is proper to estimate the water supply capacity of agricultural small scale reservoir. And it is judged that the heightening of efficiency of water resources utilization according to the development of downstream area of dam may be possible using the upward readjusted water supply amount of $55.18{\tiems}10^6ton$ and $63.7{\times}10^6ton$ at 95% and 90% supply reliability respectively which are above the planning water supply amount of $50.0{\times}10^6$ton when the simulation method is introduced as the standard.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2010

It follows in quality and sewage exclusion method of the investigation objective sector and the Combined Sewer Overflows which is suitable in regional characteristics and the confluence area against the rainfall initially a flow and the medulla and measurement - it analyzes the initial rainfall outflow possibility control plan which is suitable in the domestic actual condition and it proposes the monitor ring plan for the long-term flow and pollution load data accumulation. From the research which it sees the Infiltration water/Influent water and CSOs investigation it passes by the phase of hazard chain and Namwon right time 4 it does not hold reverse under selecting, Measurement it used the hazard automatic flow joint seal Sigma 910 machine and in case 15 minute interval of the I/I, it measured a flow at case 5, 15 minute standing of the CSOs. The water quality investigation for the water leakage investigation of the I/I and the sewage from the point which is identical with flow measurement during on-the-spot inspection duration against 6 items which include the BOD sampling and an analysis, when the rainfall analysis for CSOs fundamental investigation analyzed against 18 items which include the BOD sampling. Consequently, for the optimum interpretation invasion water / inflow water of the this investigation area day average the lowest flow - water quality assessment veterinarian optimum interpretation hazard average per day - lowest flow - it averages a medulla evaluation law department one lowest flow evaluation technique and it selects, it presentation collectively from here it gets, position result with base flow analysis of invasion water / inflow water.

• 산업공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2010

In the daily multi-reservoir operating problem, monthly storage targets can be used as principal operational guidelines. In this study, we tested the use of a simple back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to derive monthly storage guideline for daily Coordinated Multi-reservoir Operating Model (CoMOM) of the Han-River basin. This approach is based on the belief that the optimum solution of the daily CoMOM has a good performance, and the ANN model trained with the results of daily CoMOM would produce effective monthly operating guidelines. The optimum results of daily CoMOM is used as the training set for the back-propagation ANN model, which is designed to derive monthly reservoir storage targets in the basin. For the input patterns of the ANN model, we adopted the ratios of initial storage of each dam to the storage of Paldang dam, ratios of monthly expected inflow of each dam to the total inflow of the whole basin, ratios of monthly demand at each dam to the total demand of the whole basin, ratio of total storage of the whole basin to the active storage of Paldang dam, and the ratio of total inflow of the whole basin to the active storage of the whole basin. And the output pattern of ANN model is the optimal final storages that are generated by the daily CoMOM. Then, we analyzed the performance of the ANN model by using a real-time simulation procedure for the multi-reservoir system of the Han-river basin, assuming that historical inflows from October 1st, 2004 to June 30th, 2007 (except July, August, September) were occurred. The simulation results showed that by utilizing the monthly storage target provided by the ANN model, we could reduce the spillages, increase hydropower generation, and secure more water at the end of the planning horizon compared to the historical records.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

A hospital is the most important infra-facility of the places which take care of people's body in social environment. There exist several environmental factors in the ways to heal the human body in hospital ward, but this study tried to look into the improvable pleasant sickroom environment with focus on light environment among the factors. In other words, this study aims at the research on proper daylight inflow into sickroom space as basic data for understanding the link between healing environment and natural lighting. In the simulation analysis through this research, this study completed the initial simulation using Autodesk Revit 2011 with focus on two types of individual multi-bed room units of the two general hospitals located in Gwangju City. This study made a simulation analysis of The two multi-bed rooms looking to the west using the weather data on Gwangju district, which is the strong point of ECOTECT2011. Conclusively, looking into the analysis of the simulation model in time of attaching the length of in & outside light shelf, the angle controlling of light shelf, the daylight factor and DA were found to show the tendency to decrease in the numerical value due to the decrease in sunlight inflow as the simulation model moved more toward the room from the window in comparison with the existing analysis of multi-bed rooms. Particularly, this study was able to read that the daylight factor and DA were more decreasing to improve at the light shelf than the existing bedrooms; conclusively, this study judges that the natural lighting simulation analysis could be helpful in improving the healing environment as basic data.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 USN 환경하에서 다수 개의 지점교통센서를 신호교차로의 접근로에 설치되어 운전자 안전서비스를 제공할 경우 딜레마구간 검지를 위한 센서의 배치 방법에 대하여 다룬다. 교통 신호가 녹색-황색-적색으로 변동되는 시점에서 딜레마구간에 존재하는 위험차량을 검지하는 시스템에서, 센서의 배치 간격과 초기 위치를 확인하기 위해 미시적 시뮬레이션인 VISSIM을 이용하여 평가하였다. VISSIM에 지점검지기를 다수 개 설치하여 유입교통량의 변화, 설계속도의 변화, 운전자 인지반응시간의 변화를 수행하였다. 그 결과 지점교통센서는 20~27m의 간격으로, 도로의 설계속도에 따라 초기 센서의 위치를 변화하여 설치할 필요성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 교통량의 변화에 따라 센서의 딜레마구간 검지추세가 다름을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구로 미시적 교통시뮬레이션 기반으로 지점교통센서의 배치를 평가하는 방법의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었고, 향후 USN 서비스의 실현에 있어 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2022

Tunnel site where high water pressure is applied, such as subsea tunnel, generally selects the shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) to maintain the tunnel excavation face. The shield TBM has cutters installed, and the cutters wear out during the process of excavation, so it should be checked and replaced regularly. This is called CHI (Cutterhead Intervention). The conventional CHI under high water pressure is very disadvantageous in terms of safety and economics because humans perform work in response to high water pressure and huge water inflow in the chamber. To overcome this disadvantage, this study proposes a new method to dramatically reduce water pressure and water ingress by injecting an appropriate grout solution into the front of the tunnel face through the shield TBM chamber, called New Face Grouting Method (NFGM). The tunnel model tests were performed to determine the characteristics, injection volume, and curing time of grout solution to be applied to the NFGM. Model test apparatus was composed of a pressure soil tank, a model shield TBM, a grout tank, and an air compressor to measure the amount of water inflow into the chamber. The model tests were conducted by changing the injection amount of the grout solution, the curing time after the grout injection, and the water/cement ratio of grout solution. From an economic point of view, the results showed that the injection volume of 1.0 L, curing time of 6 hours, and water/cement ratio of the grout solution between 1.5 and 2.0 are the most economical. It can be concluded that this study has presented a method to economically perform the CHI under the high water pressure.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권1호통권110호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2005

낙동강 수계의 최대 인공호인 안동댐 저수지에서 2002${\sim}$2004년 동안 홍수기의 수온성층 구조에 따른 고탁수의 유입특성과 시 ${\cdot}$ 공간적 변동을 조사하였다. 6월부터 수온성층이 형성되었으며 성층구조에 따라 유입 수괴의 이동경로가 결정되었고 고탁수의 유입에 의해 성층구조가 변하였다. 고탁수는 유입 시기와 수량에 관계없이 저수지 상류부에서는 심층류로 유입되었고 중류부에서 바닥으로부터 분리되어 중층 밀도류의 형태로 하류까지 이동하였다. 또한 중층 밀도류의 형성지점은 유입량과 시기에 따라 공간적으로 다소 차이가 있었다. 유입량에 의해 수온성층과 DO 분포가 변하였고, 시기에 따라 변수층에는 2개의 수온 급감층과 저산소층이 각각 존재하였다. 최하류까지 이동한 홍수량의 고탁수층은 상승류를 형성하여 수심 15 m 아래에서 최대 20 m 두께로 고탁수층을 형성하였다. 고탁수층은 저수지 바닥으로 침전되지 않았고 중층의 취수구를 통해 하류로 배출되었으며 가을 순환시기 이후 완전 소멸되었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1999

The purpose of study were to research the characteristics of water variation adding humic acids to distilled water after ozonation. Upon investigating pH variation with contact time after providing distilled water+air, distilled water+ozone and distilled water-humic acid-air in reactor, it reduced after 60 minute in inletting air and in spite of short contact time did suddenly in inletting ozone. TOC and UV-254 continued to increase with contact time of ozone and humic acids. $NH^{4+}-N$ did slowly increase or decrease after constant contact time of ozone, because $NH^{4+}-N$ was converted into $No^3-N$ by ozone. T-N did suddenly increase after 90minute, but T-P did rarely fluctuate for total experiment. Total 30 species of organic matter were detected by GS/MSD, but 14 species did really tend to increase except for matter identified in distilled water and blank test. Humic acids generated $aliphatic{\cdot}aromatic$ hydrocarbon, alcohol and amine etc., and did various matters without inflow course of contaminants.