• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.544-547
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• 2015

11살 수컷 페키니즈가 10일간의 발작을 주증으로 내원하였다. 내원 15일전 파행으로 지역병원에서 소염제를 처방 받았었고 10일 전 간헐적 전신발작을 시작으로 내원 2일 전에는 실조와 정신둔감이 함께 발생하였다. 혈액검사와 영상학적 검사상 특이소견은 관찰되지 않았으나, 신경계 검사상 위협반사와 동공 빛 반사가 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 내원 9시간 후 호흡곤란이 발생하였고 그 후 12시간 후 보호자의 요청으로 안락사를 실시하였다. 부검상 가로 단면에서 확장된 종양으로 인해 현저한 중심선 이동을 관찰할 수 있었다. 조직학적 분석을 통해 신경아교세포의 거짓 울타리화된 괴사와 미세혈관의 증식을 확인할 수 있었다. 면역염색 결과 종양 부위에서 GFAP, PCNA, Iba-a 에 염색된 세포가 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 아교모세포종으로 진단되었다. 원발성 두강내 종양은 수의학에서 흔하지 않다. 이번 증례는 페키니즈견에서 아교모세포종의 임상적, 조직학적 발견에 대한 보고이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.973-990
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• 1996

To investigate diagnostic imaging of cystitis and to apply it to the small animal practice, ultrasonogram of urinary bladder with moderate distension(4ml/kg) and with complete distension(9ml/kg) to evaluate the irregularity and thickness of bladder, radiography and histopathological examination were performed after experimental cystitis induction. On double contrast cystography, mucosal membrane of the urinary bladder was smooth and thickening urinary bladder wall was not found before cystitis induction. At 3rd day post induction(PI), mucosal irregularity was noted at the cranioventral region of the urinary bladder. Thickening of the urinary bladder wall and filling defect was observed as well. Cystographic findings of 7, 10, 15, 21 day PI were similar to that of 3rd day PI. On ultrasonographic findings of the mural thickness in induction group, it was ascertain that the mural thickness with moderate distention was more thickened than with complete distention at transverse scan. Ultrasonographic findings at longitudinal scan were similar to those of transverse scan. On ultrasonographic findings of mucosal irregularity in induction group, from PI to 7 day PI, mucosal irregularity with moderate distention was more irregular than mucosal irregularity with complete distention. At 10 day PI, there was similarity between moderate distention and complete distention. On histopathologic examination of a section of urinary bladder taken 3 day PI, the mucosal and submucosa were infiltrated by a mixture of thick inflammatory exudate which was composed of neutrophil, plasma protein, bacterial colony and necrotic cells. Congestion, hemorrhage and edema were also observed in the submucosa. At 7th day PI, the mucosal change was similar to that of 3rd day PI, but neovascularization and fibroplasia were observed in the submucosa. At 15th and 21th day PI, mild hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium was observed in the mucosa. Deposition of collagen, neovascularization and severe diffuse infiltration of lymphocyte were observed. These results suggest that ultrasonographic examination with moderate distention is considered to be a more simple, rapid, noninvasive, sensitive and useful diagnostic method than other diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of the cystitis and the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infection.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2006

Hypercholesterolemia is a pivotal pathogenic factor for the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the methanol extract of Sorbus commixta cortex (MSC) restores vascular dysfunction in association with the aortic expressions of proinflarnmatory and adhesion molecules in high cholesterol (HC) diet-rats. Chronic treatment with low (100 mg/kg/day) or high doses (200 mg/kg/day) of MSC lowered the increase in plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol induced by a cholesterol-enriched diet without affecting on the plasma level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Vascular tone attenuated in the HC-diet rats was restored by administration with MSC. Treatment with MSC also suppressed the HC-induced increase in the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and nuclear factor-$_K$B (NF-$_K$B) p65 expressions as well as expressions levels of adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin in aorta. The present study also showed that MSC inhibited the HC-mediated induction of ET-1 and ACE expression. In histopathological examination, aortic segments in the HC-diet rat revealed thickening intima and media, which were blocked by administration with MSC. Taken together, MSC could suppress the development of atherosclerosis in the HC-diet rat model through the inhibition of the aortic expression levels of pro-inflammatory and adhesion molecules.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2016

림프절은 이차성 면역기관중 하나이다. 림프절은 복잡한 3차원적 뼈대 구조물과 스트로마 세포로 구성되어 있다. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC)는 T세포와 상호작용을 위해 T zone에 주로 분포하고 있는 세포이다. FRC는 CCL21, CCL19같은 홍밍유도 케모카인을 분비하거나 감염에 대비하여 림프절 세포외기질 형성에 중요한 역할을 한다. 하지만, FRC가 직접 면역반응에 관여하는지에 대하여 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 면역반응에 대한 FRC의 특성 규명에 대한 것이다. 이를 위해 FRC와 대식세포의 공배양, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNFα 자극에 노출시켜 반응성을 조사하였다. FRC와 대식세포를 공배양 하였을 때 FRC의 형태적 변화가 유도 되었고 이로 인해 FRC가 빈 공간이 형성되는 것을 확인하였다. 용해성 ICAM-1 (sICAM-1)의 발현량이 대식세포와 ROCK 저해제, Y27632를 처리 했을 경우 증가하는 것을 단백질 수준에서 확인하였다. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 활성이 LPS를 처리한 FRC에서 반응시간 의존적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 더욱이, 세포외기질에 대하여 염증물질인 TNFα를 처리 했을 경우 조절되는 것을 gene chip assay를 통해서 확인하였다. 이상의 결과는 FRC가 면역반응에 직접 관여하고 있다는 것을 의미하며 이는 림프절 스트로마도 면역반응에 관여하고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

멜리틴은 봉독의 주요 성분 중 하나로 항염증과 항암활성 효과를 가지고 있다. 우리는 폐암세포에서 멜리틴이 EMT 억제를 통해 암세포 이동과 침투를 억제하는 사실을 확인하였다. 멜리틴은 EGF로 유도된 폐암 세포 이동과 침투를 억제하였을 뿐만 아니라 EMT와 관련된 단백질인 이카드헤린의 발현을 증가시켰으며, 바이멘틴과 피브로넥틴 발현은 감소시켰다. 또한 멜리틴에 의한 EMT조절 전사인자인 ZEB2, Slug, Snail의 발현을 확인한 결과 멜리틴 처리에 의해 농도의존적으로 발현이 감소하였다. 또한 작용 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해 mTOR와 FAK 메커니즘을 확인한 실험에서 EGF 처리에 의해 증가한 AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1의 인산화가 멜리틴 농도의존적으로 감소하였다. 그러나 FAK는 EGF에 의해 변화가 없었으며, EKR, JNK 메커니즘은 EGF 처리에 의해 인산화가 증가하였으나 멜리틴 처리에 의해 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러므로, 폐암세포의 세포 이동과 침투에 대한 멜리틴의 억제효과는 AKT/mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 기전 억제를 통해 EMT를 억제하여 세포 이동과 침투를 억제하는 것으로 보인다.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.698-715
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• 2018

Purpose: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. Results: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-$1{\beta}$, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

In earlier investigations, seeds of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt. cv. Chookyoupjaso were irradiated with 200 Gy gamma ray to generate mutagenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a hexane extract from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. cv. Chookyoupjaso mutant 45 on the actions of anti-inflammatory activity on inducible nitric oxide synthase, and an identification of the major active compound. The hexane extract from P. frutescens exhibited activity of inhibition of a NO production ($IC_{50}$, $295.1{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). The hexane extract was further divided into subfractions by silica-gel chromatogarphy. Inhibition of the NO production by various fractions was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Among the seven fractions, the 5th fraction was the most effective ($IC_{50}$, $19.5{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). The 5th fraction suppressed the expression of protein of iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and GC/MS analyses showed that isoegomaketone is a major bio-active compound in the 5th fraction. The result indicated that isoegomaketone has a good potential to be developed as an anti-inflammation agent.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1200-1207
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• 2019

Loganin은 Corni fructus의 주요 iridoid glycoside이며 항염증, 항당뇨 그리고 뇌신경보호 효과 등이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 ${\alpha}-MSH$와 IBMX처리된 B16F10세포에서 loganin의 melanogenesis억제효과의 신호전달 경로를 조사하였다. Loganin의 미백 활성을 확인하기 위해 B16F10세포에서 $1{\mu}m$에서 $20{\mu}m$사이의 농도를 처리하여 세포독성 실험을 수행한 결과 최대 $20{\mu}m$농도에서 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 loganin은 ${\alpha}-MSH$와 IBMX처리된 B16F10세포에서 농도-의존적으로 멜라닌 생성을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 loganin의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는 신호전달 경로를 Western blotting을 실시하여 조사하였다. Western blot결과에 따르면 loganin은 ${\alpha}-MSH$와 IBMX 처리된 B16F10세포에서 증가된 CREB인산화(Ser133)와 MITF 발현 및 tyrosinase의 유전자 발현을 감소시켰고 ERK의 인산화를 증가시켜 melanin 생성을 억제하였다. 결론적으로 loganin은 ${\alpha}-MSH$와 IBMX에 의해 유도된 과도한 멜라닌 합성을 CREB인산화와 MITF 및 tyrosinase의 유전자 발현을 억제하고 ERK의 활성화를 통해 멜라닌 합성을 감소됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 loganin은 과색소 침착과 관련된 피부질환의 보호제로서 활용될 가능성을 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.628-642
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• 2018

Background/Aims A Subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may have mild inflammation due to immune activation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines may cause intestinal inflammation. We studied their expression in relation to gut microbiota. Methods Expression of TLRs and cytokines was assessed in 47 IBS patients (Rome III) and 25 controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was further performed to confirm the expression of TLR-4 and TLR-5. Results Of 47 patients with IBS, 20 had constipation (IBS-C), 20 diarrhea (IBS-D), and 7 unclassified (IBS-U). The mRNA levels of TLR-4 and TLR-5 were up-regulated in IBS patients than controls (P = 0.013 and P < 0.001, respectively). Expression of TLR-4 and TLR-5 at protein level was 4.2-folds and 6.6-folds higher in IBS-D than controls. The mRNA levels of IL-6 (P = 0.003), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL-11) (P < 0.001) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR-3) (P < 0.001) were higher among IBS patients than controls. Expression of IL-6 (P = 0.002), CXCL-11 (P < 0.001), and CXCR-3 (P < 0.001) were up-regulated and IL-10 (P = 0.012) was down-regulated in IBS-D patients than controls. Positive correlation was seen between TLR-4 and IL-6 (P = 0.043), CXCR-3, and CXCL-11 (P = 0.047), and IL-6 and CXCR-3 (P = 0.003). Stool frequency per week showed positive correlation with mRNA levels of TLR-4 (P = 0.016) and CXCR-3 (P = 0.005), but inversely correlated with IL-10 (P = 0.002). Copy number of Lactobacillus (P = 0.045) and Bifidobacterium (P = 0.011) showed correlation with IL-10 in IBS-C, while Gram-positive (P = 0.031) and Gram-negative bacteria (P = 0.010) showed correlation with CXCL-11 in IBS-D patients. Conclusions Altered immune activation in response to dysbiotic microbiota may promote intestinal inflammation in a subset of patients with IBS.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2019

본 실험에서는 Pediococcus inopinatus Y2 (P. inopinatus Y2) 유산균으로 발효시켜 제조한 발효 두유커드가 알레르기성 피부질환의 치료에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 알레르기 유발 ICR 마우스를 대상으로 4주간 경구투여한 이후, 마우스의 체중, 귀 두께, IgE 농도, 면역 기관 중량 및 혈청 IgE 농도 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 대부분의 동물실험 군은 적당한 체중 증가를 보였다. 귀 두께에서, 아무처리를 하지 않은 그룹(No group)이 가장 낮은 두께를 나타냈고, PA 처리 그룹이 알레르기가 유발되어 두꺼워졌다. PA로 유도된 AD 마우스를 육안으로 관찰하였을 때, 발효 두유커드 투여그룹(FSC group)의 피부 상태는 더욱 개선되었다. 이에 따라 유산균에 의한 발효 두유커드가 피부염을 회복시킬 수 있음이 확인되었다. 마우스의 비장과 림프절의 무게와 IgE 농도를 비교 한 결과, 두유를 투여한 그룹(SM group)도 치료 효과를 보였으나 발효 두유커드의 알레르기 치료 효과가 더 우수 하였다. 결과적으로 발효 된 두유커드가 알레르기성 피부질환을 개선 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.