• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.399-404
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• 2005

Objective: Aneurysms arising from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA) are uncommon. We review literature on that and surgical results on aneurysmal treatment by choice of surgical approach. Methods: On the basis of radiologic findings & charts, we review retrospectively the surgical results of 12 cases from Mar 1999 to Dec 2003. Results: The mean age of the 12 patients was 55.8(ranged from 36 to 71) and female was predominant (female:male = 8:4). Locations of PICA aneurysms revealed variously(vertebral artery - PICA junction: 8, lateral medullary segment: 2, PICA - anterior inferior cerebellar artery common trunk: 1, telovelomedullary : 1). Surgical approaches & treatments were attempted in 11 cases and embolization was done in 1 case(Far lateral transcondylar or supracondylar approach & clipping: 9, Far lateral transcondylar or supracondylar approach and trapping: 2, suboccipital approach & clipping: 1). The surgical result were 8 of 12 patients were good outcome, 1 of 12 was severely disabled and 3 of 12 were died. Conclusion: First, we choose surgical approach by the laterality of aneurysms and surgical or interventional treatment is attempted as soon as possible. The PICA aneurysm is regarded as having a relatively good surgical outcome without drilling of the posterior arch of the atlas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1968

This study was conducted to ramify of the Rami lienales at the hilus of the spleen in Korean cattle. The materials used were fifty spleens, 25 fresh samples, and 25 Cast specimens. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The splenic arteries were divided into 2 Rami lienales (32 cases, 64%) and 3 Rami lienales(18 cases, 36%). and their branches were nominated as Aa, terminales superior et inferior and A. polares superior. 2. To ramify the A. terminalis superior and A. terminalis inferior, only one case diverged in the splenic parenchyma and 49 cases diverged in the outside of the spleen. 3. Immediately after dividing from the splenic artery to the Aa. terminales superior and inferior, the calibres of the A. terminalis inferior were larger than the A. terminalis superior (sup. 5.5 mm., inf. 8. 5mm.). 4. It was also observed, in all samples used. that Rami lienalis of the splenic artery were not anastomosis in the out side of the spleen.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2001

Modified surgical technique for transposition of the inferior alveolar nerve followed by immediate placement of endosseous implants in mandibles with moderate to severe atrophy are presented. Five transpositions of the inferior alveolar nerve together with the installation of 10 implants were performed in four patients. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 17 months, with a range of 8 to 20 months. All implants with functioning pontics remained stable, with no mobility or symptoms of pain and infection during the follow-up period. Neurosensory evaluation was performed using the two-point discrimination test. Two patients had objective neurosensory dysfunction at postoperative, but all the nerve function were reported as normal by the patients 4 months postoperatively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.480-482
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• 2008

Purpose: Unexpected vascular anomaly can make the surgeon embarrassing and even affects on the operative results of free flap reconstruction. We experienced one case of abnormal course of deep inferior epigastric vessels during the elevation of rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap for breast reconstruction. Methods: A 38-year-old female patient who had modified radical mastectomy on her left breast underwent delayed breast reconstruction with rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap. Results: Flap elevation was performed in the traditional manner. During the flap elevation, it was detected that the deep inferior epigastric vessels ran between the rectus abdominis muscle and anterior rectus sheath along the midline after traversing the rectus muscle. The reconstructive surgery was successful and there were no postoperative complications. Conclusion: This is the first case reported in Korea. We should always know about the possibilities of unexpected anomaly that we can encounter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Three major physiological functions of nose can be described as air-conditioning, filtering and smelling. Detailed knowledge of airflow characteristics in nasal cavities is essential to understanding of the physiological and pathological aspects of nasal breathing. In our laboratory, a series of experimental investigations have been conducted on the airflows in normal and abnormal nasal cavity models by means of PIV under both constant and periodic flow conditions. In this work, more specifically experimental and numerical results on the surgically modified inferior turbinate model were presented. With the high resolution CT data and a careful treatment of the model surface under the ENT doctor's advice yielded quite sophisticated cavity models for the PIV experiment. Physiological nature of the airflow was discussed in terms of velocity distribution and vortical structure for constant inspirational flow. Since the inferior and middle turbinate are key determinants of nasal airflow, the turbinectomy obviously altered the main stream direction. This phenomenon may cause local changes in physiological function and the flow resistance.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.211-213
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• 2008

Epidermoid cysts located in floor of mouth can be easily removed intraorally. The cysts inferior to mylohyoid muscle have been excised transcervically. However, an intraoral removal of a cyst extended inferior to mylohyoid muscle has not been reported yet. A 20-year-old female visited to the hospital with a cystic mass in submental region. Neck computed tomography revealed a 6.0${\times}$4.3cm sized circumscribed cystic mass in midline of submental area. The cyst lied external to the genioglossal and geniohyoid muscle, extending inferior to mylohyoid muscle. The mass was removed successfully by intraoral approach. It was performed under the exposure by the division of genioglossal and geniohyoid muscle, traction of the cystic wall after aspiration of the cyst, and digital compression externally.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 1993

Inferior mesenteric plexus block(IMPB) is a nerve block for lower abdominal pain originating from GI tract of distal transverse colon to sigmoid colon and other polvic organ where the inferior mesenteric plexus contains visceral afferent fibers of that organ. We performed IMPB on two patients with lower abdominal pain. Case I: 61 year old female diagnosed with cancer of stomach and uterine cervix and carcinomatosis, experienced complete relief from pain for a period of 7 months after IMPB. Case II: male, 28 years old, who had contracted cancer of the descending colon with obstructive jaundice and pancreatitis had complained of pain in the whole of the abdominal area. IMPB was performed for lower abdominal pain. Seven days after, a celiac plexus block was also performed for upper abdominal pain. The patient complained of recurring pain in the left & upper lower abdomen 30 days after the IMPB. The intensity of the pain was visual analogue scale 4 and it was managed by continuous epidural block. Conclusion: It is our recommendation that IMPB is a reliable method for treatment of lower abdominal pain originating from malignant condition of GI tract from distal transverse colon to sigmoid colon and urinary bladder.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.524-527
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• 2007

Purpose: Globe displacement due to a blowout fracture is a rare clinical phenomenon. The authors present reduction of a globe displacement to the maxillary sinus due to trauma suffered in a fall and the reconstruction of a large defect left in the medial and inferior orbit. Methods: A 39-year-old male patient was unable to open his left eye after being struck on the periorbital area by a metal edge. Laceration was not noted in that area but we were unable to observe the intraorbital globe. A facial computed tomography (CT) scan showed that the globe was displaced through the maxillary sinus. A transconjunctival approach was used to access the infraorbital margin and the globe entrapped in the inferior margin of the orbit was successfully reduced. A large defect in the medial and inferior orbit was reconstructed using a graft from the iliac bone. Results: In 5 months after the operation, no atrophy of the globe was seen. Both sides retained a similar shape. A satisfactory functionality outcome in terms of improved extraocular muscle movement, and a satisfactory aesthetical outcome were achieved. Conclusion: The authors report the reduction of a globe displaced to the maxillary sinus following a fall and the reconstruction of the large defect left in the medial and inferior orbit.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2020

Although the success rate of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps has increased, late flap failures still occur and have a low salvage rate. The present article describes a case of salvage of a case of late flap failure using the pedicle vein as a vein graft source. A 50-yearold woman underwent a bilateral DIEP free flap procedure. On postoperative day 6, she experienced flap compromise and underwent emergency flap revision. In the flap revision, flap venous drainage and the superficial inferior epigastric vein were completely obstructed. A Fogarty catheter was used to remove a thrombus from the completely obstructed pedicle vein, and this pedicle vein was used as a graft source and was ligated in retrograde fashion to the flap vein stump. After injection of urokinase into the arterial branch, venous flow to the flap was restored. At a 6-month follow-up visit in the outpatient clinic, only partial fat necrosis at the flap was noted. By dissecting various perforators in the initial operation, decisions regarding immediate revision can be made with more confidence. Additionally, the combined procedures performed in this case may be helpful even for practitioners treating cases of late flap compromise.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.158-166
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• 2019

Objectives: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most frequently used treatment for mandibular molars. Successful IANB requires insertion of the dental needle near the mandibular foramen. In this study, we aimed to analyze the anatomic location of the mandibular lingula and evaluate the effects of internal oblique ridge (IOR)-guided IANB. Materials and Methods: The location of the mandibular lingula was measured using cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandibles obtained from 125 patients. We measured the distances from the occlusal plane to the lingula and from the IOR to the lingula in 250 mandibular rami. Based on the mean of these distances, alternative anesthesia was carried out on 300 patients, and the success rate of the technique was evaluated. Results: The mean vertical distance was $8.85{\pm}2.59mm$, and the mean horizontal distance was $14.68{\pm}1.44mm$. The vertical (P<0.001) and the horizontal (P<0.05) distances showed significant differences between the sex groups. The success rate of the IOR-guided technique was 97.3%. Conclusion: IANB-based location of mandibular lingula showed a high success rate. From this study, we concluded that analysis of the anatomic locations for mandibular lingula and IOR-guided IANB are useful for restorative and surgical dental procedures of the mandibular molars.